1,720,971 research outputs found
Donne, uomini e lavori: qualità del lavoro e soddisfazione lavorativa in Italia
No full textCome si definisce un “buon” lavoro? Che attributi deve avere per essere considerato soddisfacente da chi vi si trova coinvolto? Come si caratterizza il legame tra qualità del lavoro e soddisfazione lavorativa alla luce delle pervicaci traiettorie di mutamento dei mercati del lavoro degli ultimi decenni?
L’esperienza lavorativa viene vissuta allo stesso modo da donne e uomini, o la sua percezione varia sulla base del genere del lavoratore?
Per fornire una risposta a queste domande, il presente volume propone un’analisi empirica tesa ad esplorare come i cambiamenti del mondo del lavoro, che hanno caratterizzato in maniera inedita modelli organizzativi e contenuti delle occupazioni sotto la spinta pervasiva del progresso tecnologico e della terziarizzazione, abbiano ridefinito la percezione individuale di un lavoro come soddisfacente o meno. Più nello specifico, ci si interroga sul concetto di qualità del lavoro e sulla sua associazione con la soddisfazione lavorativa in Italia, relativamente a diversi aspetti del lavoro
Vivere i “cattivi lavori”. Esperienze occupazionali di giovani istruiti nei fast food e nei call center
No full textNella società dei servizi la domanda di lavoro a bassa qualificazione sempre più
frequentemente viene intercettata da quote significative di giovani istruiti che si
accostano con atteggiamenti strumentali ai “cattivi lavori”. Il tema dei
bad jobs si interseca dunque con quello dell’overeducation, condizione sempre più diffusa tra
i giovani europei. Rispetto a questo quadro il paper presenta i risultati di un’indagine qualitativa che ha analizzato in che modo un gruppo di giovani istruiti occupati in fast food e call center ha affrontato l’esperienza di un “cattivo lavoro”, guardando sia alle caratteristiche dei due lavori, sia al background individuale del singolo lavoratore. I risultati della ricerca smentiscono un rapporto univoco fra cattivi lavori e insoddisfazione ed evidenziano differenti vissuti del lavoro fra gli operatori dei fast food e dei call center, in ragione della diversa articolazione di contenuti e condizioni d’impiego nei due tipi di attività e degli specifici significati che i giovani attribuiscono al lavoro
Migrant and Satisfied? The Ethnic Gap in Job Satisfaction in the Italian Labor Market
Get PDFJob satisfaction is a desirable outcome both at the organizational and at the individual level. Anyway, little is known about the gap between natives’ and migrants’ job satisfaction, which represents a critical issue in the light of the increasing presenceof foreigner workers in the Western labor markets. In order to shed light on this issue, we estimate a number of OLS models to quantify sex-specific natives’ and migrants’ job satisfaction, by exploiting a particularly detailed Italian source of data (theSurvey of Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens). We find that being a migrant is not associated per se with any premium or penalty in job satisfaction. When we control for the different socio-demographic features and job characteristics ofnatives and migrants, it turns out that migrants are more satisfied than natives. Hence, it emerges in Italy a job satisfaction paradox based on the worker’s migratory status
THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF INFORMAL CAREGIVING ARRANGEMENTS IN EUROPE
Get PDFIn ageing societies, the increasing quota of older and frail individuals creates unprecedented needs for care. As care is often costly and not adequately covered by the welfare state, care responsibilities for older individuals fall on the shoulders of family members. The study of informal care provision is acquiring centrality both in the social sciences and policy discourse, since the care load can bear negative consequences on a range of outcomes, from health (e.g., the “caregiver burden”) to employment. It is important to gain a better understanding of which individuals are the most likely to provide informal caregiving and face its consequences. In the present study, we explore the educational and income differences in the probability of providing informal caregiving to individuals living outside the household in Europe, using the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2004-2020). As a contribution to the field, we aim at uncovering the mechanisms behind the socio-economic gradient in caregiving, such as differences in health and longevity and time constraints (due to employment and other care responsibilities) that are unequally distributed across social layers. Results show that individuals with tertiary education, and at the top of the income distribution, are more likely to provide care, net of several other factors. The study concludes with attempted explanations of the results, related to the fact that lower educated, and lower income individuals, can more often rely on publicly provided services and means-tested benefits
Social stratification of migrants in Italy: class reproduction and social mobility from origin to destination
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The Italian Decree on Security: An Analysis of the Impact on Asylum Applications
No full textDespite the existence of a normative space as the European Union (EU), the rates of recognition for asylum seekers’ protection statuses remarkably vary across different countries (Van Wolleghem, Sicakkan, 2022). Several studies have attempted to examine the potential explanations of these different between-countries rates of recognition, considering both economics and political reasons, without finding any clear driver (Toshkov, 2014), up to the point that it has been commented that «asylum decisions in Western Europe are highly arbitrary» (Bronkhorst, 1991, p.151). At the same time, it has been argued that changes in asylum policies within a given country may be associated with changes in recognition rates on asylum application flows (Thielemann, 2003), modifying the level of deterrence characterizing a determined socio-economic context (Holzer et al., 2000). On December 3rd 2018, the Italian government approved the so-called “Immigration and security” decree. Among its intentions, regarding a wide range of matters (contrast to mafia and terrorism, urban security), the decree remarkably changed the regulation of asylum, immigration and citizenship (De Petris, 2019). This contribution aims to evaluate the association between the “Immigration and security” decree and recognition rates of asylum applicants in Italy and if and how this association has been conditional on the applicant’s socio-demographic characteristics. This goal will be accomplished by performing some statistical analyses on a dataset created from the annual Eurostat database on the first instances decisions on applications
A female advantage in asylum application decisions? A gendered analysis of decisions on asylum applications in Italy from 2008 to 2022
Get PDFWomen constitute over half of the global refugee population, yet they are underrepresented among asylum-seeker applicants in Europe. In this study, we analyse asylum application decisions in Italy between 2008 and 2022 using Eurostat data and a comprehensive set of indicators to assess political conditions and gender discrimination in the applicants’ countries of origin. Our analysis unveils a limited ‘female advantage’
in asylum applications, revealing a complex relationship between gender, country of origin characteristics, and the asylum decision process. Interestingly, the observed advantage for women is contingent on the applicant’s country of origin. In countries marked by war, autocracy, or severe discrimination towards women, the gender
of the applicants does not signifcantly correlate with asylum decisions, as recognition rates are high for both men and women. Conversely, women from countries with moderate political and discrimination issues have higher chances of success than men in
their asylum applications. The understanding of how gender intersects with other factors in asylum decisions is imperative for developing more equitable asylum policies and practices
Linked generations: child’s transition into unemployment and parents’ mental well-being
Get PDFUnemployment has a negative effect on the mental well-being of individuals who experience it. The well-being of the partners and children of these individuals is also negatively affected by this transition. Little is known, however, on the effect of the transition into unemployment on the mental well-being of the parents of unemployed people. This article analyses the association between child’s transition into unemployment and parents’ minor psychiatric morbidity, using the General Health Questionnaire score as a proxy. The effects of the length of the unemployment spell and the specific pathway into unemployment are investigated. Eventually, the moderating role of the national level of unemployment is also explored. Data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society are used. The results of the analyses indicate that child’s transition into unemployment has a small, statistically significant, negative effect on mothers’ mental well-being, whereas the effect on fathers’ distress is negligible. The association between mother’s mental well-being and child’s unemployment does not vary by the duration of the unemployment spell, or by the specific path into unemployment (from employment, studentship, or other inactive status). Differently, the negative effect of child’s unemployment on mother’s well-being is larger at higher levels of unemployment at the country level
Her class and his class: does social class matter for fertility?
Get PDFThis work explores the association between fertility behaviour and occupational social classes, over and above educational and income resources. We use European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data, pooling the longitudinal component for fourteen countries between 2005 and 2017. We compare the effect of the female partner’s social class with that of the male partner on the likelihood of having a child, distinguishing between the effect on the first and the second child. We find consistent evidence that, vis-à-vis income and education, occupational social class does play an additional role in fertility behaviour. However, it does so differently depending on the sex of the partner and the different parities considered. Our findings indicate that when her partner is employed, the occupational social class she belongs to becomes a more significant factor and plays a pivotal role in influencing fertility behaviour
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