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    Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy in children with cranio-facial anomalies.

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    The applications of drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy in children with cranio-facial anomalies are described

    Surgical correction of lateral pharyngeal wall collapse in sleep related disordered breathing: functional expansion pharyngoplasty

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    The recent evolution regarding the techniques of pharyngoplasty has been focused on the concept of obtaining the expansion and stabilization of the pharyngeal airspace through the treatment of lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) collapse rather than through ablation of the redundant pharyngeal soft tissue. The role of LPW in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has been demonstrated by radiologic and sleep endoscopy studies and the narrowing of the LPW appears to be the sole independent risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The functional expansion pharyngoplasty represents a conservative modification of expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty and can be used in patients with obstruction of the upper airway due to the LPWs collapse without altering physiological functions of the upper airway, including smell, taste, swallowing, and speech

    Autologous platelet-rich fibrin: A novel method for tracheoesophageal puncture site closure: A case report

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    Closure of a tracheoesophageal puncture site performed during voice prosthesis implantation may sometimes be required. Besides local techniques, more elaborate procedures, such as closure by means of free microvascular flaps, have been advocated. In this report, we describe a case of local treatment of a hard-to-heal fistula with local application of autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix in a 77-year-old male patient. At one-week follow-up, the size of the fistula had decreased dramatically but some leakage remained when drinking. After one month, the patient was able to drink and eat normally without any leakage. There was no recurrence of the leakage at two years' follow-up. In summary, local application of platelet-rich fibrin seems to be a simple, safe and effective procedure for tracheoesophageal fistula closure.

    Two Cases of Cervical Hemorrhage with Upper Airway Obstruction: A Life-Threatening Condition

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    Several are the causes of cervical masses and among them a spontaneous hemorrhage presents a rare and life-threatening condition. Sometimes hemorrhage develops from a previous silent neck lesion as in the case of an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma associated with bleeding. We present two cases: a 70-year-old woman suffering from enlarging cervical mass causing respiratory distress because of upper airway compression due to a spontaneous rupture of the superior thyroid artery and a 74-year-old woman who drew our attention because of a progressively worsening dyspnea due to a large medial cervical mass with rapid onset. We removed it surgically, finding out an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma that is associated with internal bleeding. We discuss our management of these rare and life-threatening conditions, recalling that the patency of upper airway should always be the prerogative in every emergency. Besides, we make a review of the recent literature
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