81 research outputs found
Are language production problems apparent in adults who no longer meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
No full textIn this study, we examined sentence production in a sample of adults (N = 21) who had had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as children, but as adults no longer met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA, 2000). This “remitted” group was assessed on a sentence production task. On each trial, participants saw two objects and a verb. Their task was to construct a sentence using the objects as arguments of the verb. Results showed more ungrammatical and disfluent utterances with one particular type of verb (i.e., participle). In a second set of analyses, we compared the remitted group to both control participants and a “persistent” group, who had ADHD as children and as adults. Results showed that remitters were more likely to produce ungrammatical utterances and to make repair disfluencies compared to controls, and they patterned more similarly to ADHD participants. Conclusions focus on language output in remitted ADHD, and the role of executive functions in language production
Effects of inpatient energy management education and high-intensity interval training on health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled superiority trial with six-month follow-up
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach is recommended for the treatment of fatigue in pwMS. However, high-quality evidence exists only for unimodal interventions, such as physical therapies/exercise or energy/fatigue management programmes. The primary objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that a combination of inpatient energy management education (IEME) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to a combination of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and moderate continuous training (MCT) for improving HRQoL at 6-month follow-up in fatigued pwMS.
METHODS
A randomized (1:1) controlled superiority trial with fatigued pwMS >18 years of age, with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤6.5, recruited at the Valens clinic, Switzerland. Participants in the experimental group performed IEME twice and HIIT 3 times per week and those in the usual care group performed PMR twice and MCT 3 times per week, during a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation stay. Primary outcome was HRQoL (Physical and Mental Component Scales of the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)), assessed at entry to the clinic (T0), after 3 weeks' rehabilitation (T1) and 4 (T2) and 6 (T3) months after T0. Secondary outcomes included SF-36 subscales, fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC)), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), self-efficacy for performing energy conservation strategies (Self-Efficacy for Performing Energy Conservation Strategies Assessment (SEPECSA)), self-perceived competence in activities of daily living (Occupational Self Assessment (OSA)) and cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption (VȮ2peak)). Data were analysed using a mixed model for repeated measures approach.
RESULTS
A total of 106 pwMS (age (years): 49.75 (9.87), 66% female, EDSS: 4.64 (1.32)) were recruited. There were no significant group × time interaction effects in the primary and secondary outcomes. There were significant between-group differences in the pairwise comparisons of the group × time interaction in favour of the IEME + HIIT group at: (i) T1 in cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.011) and SEPECSA (p = 0.032); (ii) T2 in SF-36 mental health subscale (p = 0.022), HADS anxiety subscale (p = 0.014) and SEPECSA (p = 0.040); (iii) T3 in SF-36 physical functioning subscale (p = 0.012) and SEPECSA (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
IEME + HIIT was not superior to PMR + MCT regarding the effects on HRQoL (SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Scales) at 6-month follow-up in pwMS. However, there were significant between-group differences in favour of IEME + HIIT in physical functioning and mental health (SF-36 subscales), anxiety (HADS), cardiorespiratory fitness (VȮ2peak) and self-efficacy (SEPECSA) at different measurement time-points that need to be considered in clinical practice
Predictors of six-month change in health-related quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: A secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008486 Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Societ
Microstructure, interfaces, composition: towards better microscale experimentation and models of bone
No full textCan changes in midsole bending stiffness of shoes affect the onset of joint work redistribution during a prolonged run?
Get PDFObjective: To investigate if changing the midsole bending stiffness of athletic footwear can affect the onset of lower limb joint work redistribu-tion during a prolonged run.Methods: Fifteen trained male runners (10-km time of<44 min) performed 10-km runs at 90% of their individual speed at lactate threshold (i.e.,when change in lactate exceeded 1 mmol during an incremental running test) in a control and stiff shoe condition on two occasions. Lower limbjoint kinematics and kinetics were measured using a motion capture system and a force-instrumented treadmill. Data were acquired every 500 m.Results: Prolonged running resulted in a redistribution of positive joint work from distal to proximal joints in both shoe conditions. Compared tothe beginning of the run, less positive work was performed at the ankle (approximately 9%;p0.001) and more positive work was performedat the knee joint (approximately 17%;p0.001) at the end of the run. When running in the stiff shoe condition, the onset of joint work redistri-bution at the ankle and knee joints occurred at a later point during the run.Conclusion: A delayed onset of joint work redistribution in the stiff condition may result in less activated muscle volume, because ankle plantarflexor muscles have shorter muscles fascicles and smaller cross-sectional areas compared to knee extensor muscles. Less active muscle volumecould be related to previously reported decreases in metabolic cost when running in stiff footwear. These results contribute to the notion thatfootwear with increased stiffness likely results in reductions in metabolic cost by delaying joint work redistribution from distal to proximal joints.articl
Wearable technologies, health and well-being: A case review
No full textWearable technologies designed to deliver benefits to health and well-being through the use of digital applications are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. This article focuses on the use of wearable technologies which track user lifestyle behaviors and seek to provide tools for better personal health management. It provides an evidence of general positive health outcomes from previous research and provides a detailed analysis of the functionalities and strategic approaches of three different wearable devices which have been used continuously and simultaneously by the lead author for over 18 months. Based on the experience of long-term use of these devices, the article draws some conclusions about their usage and future development strategies
Increasing the midsole bending stiffness of shoes alters gastrocnemius medialis muscle function during running
Get PDFIn recent years, increasing the midsole bending stifness (MBS) of running shoes by embedding carbon fbre plates in the midsole resulted in many world records set during long-distance running competitions. Although several theories were introduced to unravel the mechanisms behind these performance benefts, no defnitive explanation was provided so far. This study aimed to investigate how the function of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle and Achilles tendon is altered when running in shoes with increased MBS. Here, we provide the frst direct evidence that the amount and velocity of GM muscle fascicle shortening is reduced when running with increased MBS. Compared to control, running in the stifest condition at 90% of speed at lactate threshold resulted in less muscle fascicle shortening (p= 0.006, d= 0.87), slower average shortening velocity (p = 0.002, d= 0.93) and greater estimated Achilles tendon energy return (p≤ 0.001, d= 0.96), without a signifcant change in GM fascicle work (p = 0.335, d= 0.40) or GM energy cost (p = 0.569, d= 0.30). The fndings of this study suggest that running in stif shoes allows the ankle plantarfexor muscle–tendon unit to continue to operate on a more favourable position of the muscle’s force–length–velocity relationship by lowering muscle shortening velocity and increasing tendon energy return.articl
Groundwater Program
No full textTitle from PDF cover (viewed on January 9, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
The effects of increased midsole bending stiffness of sports shoes on muscle-tendon unit shortening and shortening velocity: a randomized crossover trial in recreational male runners
Get PDFBackground: Individual compliances of the foot-shoe interface have been suggested to store and release elastic strain energy via ligamentous and tendinous structures or by increased midsole bending stiffness (MBS), compression stiffness, and resilience of running shoes. It is unknown, however, how these compliances interact with each other when the MBS of a running shoe is increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate how structures of the foot-shoe interface are influenced during running by changes to the MBS of sport shoes.
Methods: A randomised crossover trial was performed, where 13 male, recreational runners ran on an instrumented treadmill at 3.5 m center dot s(-1) while motion capture was used to estimate foot arch, plantar muscle-tendon unit (pMTU), and shank muscle-tendon unit (sMTU) behaviour in two conditions: (1) control shoe and (2) the same shoe with carbon fibre plates inserted to increase the MBS.
Results: Running in a shoe with increased MBS resulted in less deformation of the arch (mean +/- SD; stiff, 7.26 +/- 1.78 degrees; control, 8.84 +/- 2.87 degrees; p <= 0.05), reduced pMTU shortening (stiff, 4.39 +/- 1.59 mm; control, 6.46 +/- 1.42 mm; p <= 0.01), and lower shortening velocities of the pMTU (stiff, - 0.21 +/- 0.03 m center dot s(-1); control, - 0.30 +/- 0.05 m center dot s(-1); p <= 0.01) and sMTU (stiff, - 0.35 +/- 0.08 m center dot s(-1); control, - 0.45 +/- 0.11 m center dot s(-1); p <= 0.001) compared to a control condition. The positive and net work performed at the arch and pMTU, and the net work at the sMTU were significantly lower in the stiff compared to the control condition.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that if a compliance of the foot-shoe interface is altered during running (e.g. by increasing the MBS of a shoe), the mechanics of other structures change as well. This could potentially affect long-distance running performance.articl
Comparison of muscle activity of the lower limbs while running on different treadmill models
No full textThis article was originally published as: Kaltenbach, C., Gollhofer, A., Nigg, B.M., & Asmussen, M.J. (2024). Comparison of muscle activity of the lower limbs while running on different treadmill models. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 18, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1341772Treadmill running is a common method of exercise and to study human locomotion. Research has examined the kinematics and kinetics of overground and treadmill running, but there has been less focus on the levels of muscle activity during treadmill running. We investigated if muscle activity is different while running overground compared to running on a variety of treadmills. A total of 11 healthy individuals ran at 3 speeds (2.6, 3.6, 4.5 m/s) under 4 different running conditions (3 treadmills, overground). The three treadmills included a typical home exercise treadmill, a midsize commercial research treadmill, and a large, instrumented research treadmill. Surface EMG of the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were measured for each running condition. The integrated EMG was computed for each running condition for the stance and swing phase, as well as 100 ms before and after the heel-strike. Friedman analysis revealed significant effects during the stance phase for GM and RF at all speeds, such that muscle activation was lower on the treadmills relative to overground. During the stance phase at faster speeds, the muscle activity was higher for the TA and lower for the BF while running on the different treadmills compared to overground running. Before heel-strike, the TA was significantly less active during treadmill compared to overground running at 2.6 m/s and the RF showed significantly higher activity at 3.6 m/s and 4.5 m/s while running on the different treadmills. Summarizing, differences were mainly observed between the different treadmill conditions relative to overground running. Muscle activation differences between the different treadmill conditions were observed at faster running speeds for RF during the pre-heel-strike phase only. Different types of treadmills with different mechanical properties affects the muscle activity during stance phase as well as in preparation to heel-strike. Additionally, the muscle activity is greater during overground compared to treadmill running during the stance phase for the GM, BF, and RF.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. MA is funded by an NSERC Discovery Grant
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