88 research outputs found
Pioneers of Ashley Valley
No full textSome early pioneer people of Ashley Valley. First row, from left: Alice Kone and infant, Al Kone, child, Margaret Murray Williams and baby, Ettie Dobson and baby, Elizabeth Batey, Archibald Hadlock or Thomas Lyons, John Fairchild, Katherine Fairchild, Lillie Fairchild Ball, Priscilla Henry, Agnes Reynolds, Maud Williams, Grace S. Colton, Minnie J. Atwood, Rosella F. Beck, Nellie Bartlett Merkley, Campbell, Lottie Nye Pearce, Elizabeth H. Colton, Nettie Perks, Emily P. Clark, David P. Woodruff, James Johnstun, Jane Sabey. Second row, from left: Tiny Darling, Nancy Darling, Sarah Hall Davis, Ella H. Freestone, child, Zina B. Davis, Joe Rich Jr., baby, Eliza H. Rich, Henrietta Hatch, Ann Glines Hacking, unidentified, Rose Reynolds Hardy, Elizabeth Reynolds, Dr. L. Weston Oaks, Mrs. Rose Taylor Steinaker, Guyletta D. Stewart, unidentified, William Gibson, Katie B. Nye, Elizabeth F. Bingham, Karen H. Bingham, Lydia R. Merrill, Henry Hall, Joseph Hardy Jr., Joseph Hardy. Third row, from left: Jake Workman, William Ashton, Sarah Bird, Jennie Freestone, Aurilla Hatch, Mary Hatch, Christa Peterson Wardle, Lizzie Campbell Weeks, Alf Johnson Sr., Agnes T. Bennion, Lizzie Hatch Rich, child, Mary Preece, Winnie S. Collett, William G. Gagon, Mrs. Gagon, Libby Rich, William H. Gagon, Phoebe H. Merkley, Flora Colton Collett, Martin H. Oaks, Ruben S. Collett, Gertrude (baby), Uncle Jerry Hatch, George D. Merkley, Thomas Bingham, Merkley child, Alma J. Johnstun, Freestone boy, Geroge Freestone Sr., Alva A. Hatch, Joseph Moore, Nelson Merkley Jr., Samuel Campbell, Oliver Clark, James Shelmerdine, Richard Blakey, Ashley Bartlett, Perkins boy, Billy Britt, Clair Hacking, Peter Peterson, James Henry. In first window: Albion Beaty, Julia Dillman, Charlie Crouse, Annie K. Bartlett, LeRoy Colton, Lycurgus Johnson. In second window: Phil Stringham, Snellen Johnson, William G. Reynolds, William Powell, Louis Kabell, Isaac Jones. In window: James Hacking, Pete Dillman
Seminal plasma and prostaglandin E2 up-regulate fibroblast growth factor 2 expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells via E-series prostanoid-2 receptor-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway
No full textProstaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been shown to modulate angiogenesis and tumour progression via the E-series prostanoid-2 (EP2) receptor. Endometrial adenocarcinomas may be exposed to endogenous PGE(2) and exogenous PGE(2), present at high concentration in seminal plasma
Long-duration transit and food and water deprivation alter behavioral activities and aggressive interactions at the feed bunk in beef feedlot steers
No full textThe objective of these experiments was to assess the effects of food and water deprivation and transit duration on the behavior of beef feedlot steers. In Experiment 1, 36 Angus-cross steers (353 ± 10 kg) were stratified to six pens and assigned one of three treatments (n = 12 steers/treatment): control (CON; stayed in home pens with ad libitum access to feed and water), deprived (DEPR; stayed in home pens but deprived of feed and water for 18 h), or transported (TRANS; subjected to 18-h transit event and returned to home pens). In Experiment 2, 60 Angus-cross steers (398 ± 5 kg; 6 steers/pen) were transported either 8 (8H) or 18 (18H) h. Four 8H pens (n = 24 steers) and six 18H pens (n = 36 steers) were used for behavioral analysis. In both experiments, the time to eat, drink, and lay down was recorded for each steer upon return to home pens. Total pen displacements from the feed bunk were also assessed for the two hours following feed access in both experiments. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS 9.4, with treatment as a fixed effect. Steer was the experimental unit for behavioral activities, while pen was the experimental unit for bunk displacements. Displacements were analyzed as repeated measures with the repeated variable of time. In Experiment 1, time to eat and drink was similar across treatments (P ≥ 0.17). However, TRANS laid down in 16.5 min while DEPR did not lay down until 70.5 min post-arrival to pen (P < 0.01). Deprived steers had greater bunk displacements in the first 70 min post-feed access than CON or TRANS, though displacements among treatments from 100 to 120 min post-feed access were similar (Treatment × Time: P = 0.02). In Experiment 2, both 8H and 18H steers laid down approximately 25 min post-home pen arrival (P = 0.14). There was no effect of transit duration or duration by time on bunk displacements (P ≥ 0.20), though displacements were greater from 0 to 20 min than from 20 to 30 min post-feed access (Time: P = 0.04). Steers that were deprived of feed and water were highly motivated to access those resources, while transported steers prioritized laying down. Producers should consider these priorities when preparing to receive cattle from a long transit event.This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Animal Science following peer review. The version of record: Heiderscheit, Katie J., Alyssa D. Freestone, Aubree M. Beenken, Erin L. Deters, Joshua M. Peschel, and Stephanie L. Hansen. "Long-duration transit and food and water deprivation alter behavioral activities and aggressive interactions at the feed bunk in beef feedlot steers." Journal of Animal Science (2022). is available online at DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac060. Copyright 2022. The Author(s). Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Posted with permission
The contribution of biological sex to heat stress-mediated outcomes in growing pigs
No full textHeat stress (HS) negatively impacts a variety of production parameters in growing pigs; however, the impact of biological sex on the HS response is largely unknown. To address this, 48 crossbred barrows and gilts (36.8 ± 3.7 kg BW) were individually housed and assigned to one of three constant environmental conditions: (1) thermoneutral (TN) (20.8 ± 1.6 °C; 62.0 ± 4.7% relative humidity; n = 8/sex), (2) HS (39.4 ± 0.6 °C; 33.7 ± 6.3% relative humidity) for 1 d (HS1; n = 8/sex), or (3) or for 7 d (HS7; n = 8/sex). As expected, HS increased rectal temperature (Tr) following 1 d of HS (1.0 °C; P < 0.0001) and 7 d of HS (0.9 °C; P < 0.0001). By 7 d, heat-stressed gilts were cooler than barrows (0.4 °C; P = 0.016), despite identical heating conditions. There was a main effect of sex such that barrows had higher Tr than gilts (P = 0.031). Heat-stressed pigs on d 1 had marked reductions in feed intake and BW compared to TN (P < 0.0001). One day of HS resulted in negative gain to feed (G:F) in barrows and gilts and was reduced compared to TN (P < 0.0001). Notably, following 1 d of HS, the variability of G:F was greater in gilts than in barrows. Between 1 and 7 d of HS, G:F improved in barrows and gilts and were similar to TN pigs, even though HS barrows had higher Tr than gilts over this period. Heat stress for 1 and 7 d reduced empty gastrointestinal tract weight compared to TN (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, HS7 gilts had decreased gastrointestinal tract weight compared to HS1 gilts (2.43 vs 2.72 kg; P = 0.03), whereas it was similar between HS1 and HS7 barrows. Lastly, a greater proportion of gastrointestinal contents was in the stomach of HS1 pigs compared to TN and HS7 (P < 0.05), which is suggestive of decreased gastric emptying. Overall, HS barrows maintained an elevated Tr compared to HS gilts through the duration of the experiment but also maintained similar growth and production metrics compared to gilts, despite this higher temperature.This article is published as Rudolph, Tori E., Melissa Roths, Alyssa D. Freestone, Robert P. Rhoads, Sarah H. White-Springer, Lance H. Baumgard, and Joshua T. Selsby. "The contribution of biological sex to heat stress-mediated outcomes in growing pigs." animal 18 (2024): 101168. doi:10.1016/j.animal.2024.101168. Copyright 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Subthalamic nucleus exclusively evokes dopamine release in the tail of the striatum
No full textA distinct population of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars lateralis (SNL) has a unique projection to the most caudolateral (tail) region of the striatum. Here, using two electrochemical techniques to measure basal dopamine and electrically evoked dopamine release in anesthetized rats, we characterized this pathway, and compared it with the ‘classic’ nigrostriatal pathway from neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons to the dorsolateral striatum. We found that the tail striatum constitutes a distinct dopamine domain compared with the dorsolateral striatum, with consistently lower basal and evoked dopamine, and diverse dopamine release kinetics. Importantly, electrical stimulation of the SNL and SNc evoked dopamine release in entirely separate striatal regions; the tail and dorsolateral striatum, respectively. Furthermore, we showed that stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) evoked dopamine release exclusively in the tail striatum, likely via the SNL, consistent with previous anatomical evidence of STN afferents to SNL dopamine neurons. Our work identifies the STN as an important modulator of dopamine release in a novel dopamine pathway to the tail striatum, largely independent of the classic nigrostriatal pathway, which necessitates a revision of the basal ganglia circuitry with the STN positioned as a central integrator of striatal information.[Image: see text
Expression and functional properties of TRPM2 channels in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of the rat
No full textTransient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels are sensitive to oxidative stress, and their activation can lead to cell death. Although these channels have been extensively studied in expression systems, their role in the brain, particularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the expression and functional properties of TRPM2 channels in rat dopaminergic SNc neurons, using acute brain slices. RT-PCR analysis revealed TRPM2 mRNA expression in the SNc region. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of TRPM2 protein in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. Channel function was tested with whole cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium (fura-2) imaging. Intracellular application of ADP-ribose (50-400 μM) evoked a dose-dependent, desensitizing inward current and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) rise. These responses were strongly inhibited by the nonselective TRPM2 channel blockers clotrimazole and flufenamic acid. Exogenous application of H(2)O(2) (1-5 mM) evoked a rise in [Ca(2+)](i) and an outward current mainly due to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. Inhibition of K(+) conductance with Cs(+) and tetraethylammonium unmasked an inward current. The inward current and/or [Ca(2+)](i) rise were partially blocked by clotrimazole and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA). The H(2)O(2)-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise was abolished in "zero" extracellular Ca(2+) concentration and was enhanced at higher baseline [Ca(2+)](i), consistent with activation of TRPM2 channels in the cell membrane. These results provide evidence for the functional expression of TRPM2 channels in dopaminergic SNc neurons. Given the involvement of oxidative stress in degeneration of SNc neurons in Parkinson's disease, further studies are needed to determine the pathophysiological role of these channels in the disease process
Acute effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on dopaminergic neurons of the rat substantia nigra pars compacta in vitro
No full text6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxin which has been implicated in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in Parkinson's disease (PD), and is frequently used to produce animal models of the disease. The aim of our study, conducted on midbrain slices obtained from young Wistar rats, was to determine the little known acute effects of this toxin (0.2-2.0 mM; 10-20 min exposure; 34 degrees C) on electrophysiological properties, intracellular Ca2+ levels and dendritic morphology of SNc neurons. Four experimental approaches were used: extracellular recording of firing frequency, whole-cell patch-clamping, ratiometric fura-2 imaging, and cell labeling with lucifer yellow (LY) or dextran-rhodamine. Extracellular recording revealed a concentration-dependent decrease in the tonic, pacemaker-like firing. In whole-cell recordings in voltage-clamp (V(hold) -60 mV), smaller doses (0.2-0.5 mM) induced an outward current (or cell membrane hyperpolarization in current-clamp), which could in some cells be reversed with tolbutamide (blocker of ATP-dependent K+ channels). A higher dose (1.0-2.0 mM) caused rapid reductions of cell membrane capacitance and membrane resistance. Toxin exposure gradually increased the intracellular Ca2+ level, which did not subsequently return to control. The increase in Ca2+ signal was not prevented by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin (10 microM) or cyclopiazonic acid (30 microM), nor by removing extracellular Ca2+. Cell membrane current and Ca2+ responses were not prevented by blocking dopamine transporter (DAT). Cells loaded with LY or dextran-rhodamine showed signs of damage (cell membrane blebbing) in dendrites following toxin exposure (1 mM; 10-20 min). These results demonstrate that the oxidative and metabolic stress induced in SNc neurons by 6-OHDA results in rapid dose-dependent changes of cell membrane properties with morphological evidence of dendritic damage, as well as in disturbance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis
From Geddes’ city museum to Farrell’s urban room: past, present, and future at the Newcastle City Futures exhibition
No full text\ua9 2019, \ua9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Genuine engagement about how best to achieve liveable urban futures should be part of planning’s raison-d’etre but it has a chequered history of delivery. Exhibitions harnessing the communicative power of mixed media and linked to a progressive and responsive programme of focused discussion and debate remain relevant to community consultation and civic engagement. Terry Farrell’s concept of the ‘urban room’ to involve citizens in engaging with the past, present, and future of towns and cities offers a contemporary refreshment of the approach propounded by Patrick Geddes from the early 1900s. The possibilities of creating novel and compelling opportunities for civic discourse in this guise are explored in this review article though the Newcastle City Futures pop-up exhibition and events held in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK in 2014. This event carries lessons for imagining how planners, developers, governments, and community groups may come together to critically and creatively forge future propositions for the urban condition
ChemInform Abstract: A PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ANODIC OXIDATION OF LEAD IN ALKALINE SOLUTION
No full text- …
