158 research outputs found
Basic symptoms, temperament and character in adolescent psychiatric disorders
No full textOBJECTIVE: Basic symptoms are early subtle changes in thinking, feeling and perception that are subjectively experienced and precede the onset of a psychotic illness. In adult samples, high basic symptom scores are regarded as specific risk factors for the development of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore the relevance of basic symptoms of psychiatric disorders in adolescent patients with special focus on early detection of psychosis. Furthermore, the association between basic symptoms and personality traits has been investigated.; METHOD: From 89 adolescents, who were consecutive inpatients with different psychiatric disorders in 1995 and 1997, 54 were followed up 4.7 years later. Patients were examined with the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms at the time of the first presentation and follow-up. Additionally, personality traits were assessed at follow-up using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory.; RESULTS: None of the subjects made the transition to schizophrenia, despite high baseline scores of basic symptoms at the initial assessment. Indirect minus symptoms were found to be the most valid predictor of a persisting psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, this specific category was strongly associated with the personality traits harm avoidance and self-directedness.; CONCLUSION: In adolescents, basic symptoms in association with personality traits present as a nonspecific indicator of psychopathology rather than as an indicator of vulnerability to schizophrenia. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
sj-doc-1-pch-10.1177_21501351211044127 - Supplemental material for Psychosocial Impact of Congenital Heart Diseases on Patients and Their Families: A Parent's Perspective
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-pch-10.1177_21501351211044127 for Psychosocial Impact of Congenital Heart Diseases on Patients and Their Families: A Parent's Perspective by Christoph Jaschinski, Vivien Knetsch, Peter Parzer, Juliane Meyr, Brian Schroeder, Elizabeth Fonseca, Matthias Karck, Michael Kaess and Tsvetomir Loukanov in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery</p
Reduced cortical thickness and its association with social reactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
No full textSymptomatology and behavioral characteristics in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have increasingly been linked to abnormalities in early brain growth patterns of affected children. Studies investigating specific components of gray matter structure, such as cortical thickness (CT), have produced conflicting results, and have rarely included additional measures of social impairment. In the present study, we applied a surface-based whole brain analysis to investigate CT in a sample of 36 pre-adolescent children [18 subjects with ASD (IQ mean: 111) and 18 healthy controls (IQ mean: 112.8), age range 6-12 years]. The CT analysis revealed widespread, but mostly left-hemispheric thinning in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital brain areas related to the theory-of-mind network and the heteromodal association cortex. In an exploratory analysis, CT was observed to be differently associated with social impairment in children with ASD compared with typically developing children. The affected neuroanatomical regions are related to characteristic deficits in language, cognition and behavior that are often observed in the disorder. The relationship between social impairment and CT in children with ASD and controls seems to indicate aberrant developmental trajectories in ASD emerging early in life
Volumetric alterations in the heteromodal association cortex in children with autism spectrum disorder
No full textBACKGROUND: We investigated if alterations in higher-order association areas related to schizophrenia, namely the heteromodal association cortex (HASC), are also observable in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).; METHODS: A group of 18 children with ASD and 18 healthy controls (HC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The examination comprised an analysis of group differences in gray matter (GM) volume, surface area (SA) and hemispheric lateralization.; RESULTS: Differences in GM volumes in children with ASD and HC were detected in frontal and parietal areas related to the HASC. No HASC structure that showed changes in GM volume exhibited differences in SA. Alterations in hemispheric lateralization between ASD and HC are seen in a frontal area of the HASC.; CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that changes in HASC areas are not restricted to schizophrenia, but extend to other psychiatric disorders, namely ASD. The lacking group differences in SA indicate that changes in GM volume are possibly evoked by other variables than SA in children with ASD. Copyright 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
Temperaments- und Charaktermerkmale jugendlicher Patientinnen mit Anorexia und Bulimia Nervosa
No full textOBJECTIVE: Based on the personality model outlined by Robert C. Cloninger, studies in adult patient samples demonstrated that according to distinct personality profiles patients with anorexia nervosa could be differentiated from those with bulimia nervosa, as well as from healthy controls. The current study examines whether these personality-related differences also exist in adolescent patients with eating disorders and a short duration of illness.; METHOD: The sample studied consists of 73 consecutively admitted female patients aged 12 to 18 years, with eating disorders. The German version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) was administered to 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R), to 16 patients with anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type (AN-B), and to 28 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN).; RESULTS: Different temperamental factors were most pronounced between AN-R and BN patients, whereas AN-B patients exhibited a personality profile between those of AN-R and BN. BN patients scored higher on Novelty Seeking but lower on Persistence than AN-R patients. In contrast to AN-R patients, both BN and AN-B patients scored lower on Self-Directedness.; CONCLUSIONS: The current results of differential temperamental dimensions in adolescent patients with eating disorders tended to be similar to findings for adult patients, which strengthens the assumption that distinct personality factors underlie the different subtypes of eating disorders
Pathological Internet use among adolescents: Comparing gamers and non-gamers
No full textThe Coordination Theme 1 (Health) of the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7), Grant agreement nr HEALTH-2010–241542, supports the Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY) project. The Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg supported the analyses.Strittmatter, E., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C.W., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Durkee, T., Apter, A., Bobes, J., Brunner, R., Cosman, D., Sisask, M., Värnik, P., Wasserman, D
Pathological Internet Use Is on the Rise Among European Adolescents
No full textThe Coordination Theme 1 (Health) of the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7) supported the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) project (grant agreement number HEALTH-F2-2009-223091) and the Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY) project (grant agreement number HEALTH 2010e241542). J.K. is supported by a Physician-Scientist Fellowship provided by the Medical School of Heidelberg UniversityKaess, M., Parzer, P., Brunner, R., Koenig, J., Durkee, T., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Hoven, C.W., Sarchiapone, M., Bobes, J., Cosman, D., Värnik, A., Resch, F., Wasserman, D
The physiological orienting response in female adolescents with borderline personality disorder
No full textZusammenhänge von Drogenkonsum und der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung sowie Depressivität in einer klinischen Stichprobe an Jugendlichen
No full textThe Association Between Illicit Drug Use, Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression in a Help-Seeking Sample of Adolescents Risk-taking behavior is a common phenomenon in adolescence. Even prevalence rates for illicit drug use are considerably high in youth and associated with a range of psychiatric disorders, especially depression and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). However, there is a lack of data investigating differences in psychopathology between different substance user groups. Therefore, aim of the study was to investigate occurrence of depression and BPD symptoms in different drug risk groups (no use vs. occasional use vs. frequent use). Further aim of the study was to examine risk profiles regarding single BPD criteria. Data of n = 347 adolescents (81.7 % female, mean age 14.95, SD = 1.50) presenting at the specialized outpatient clinic for risk-taking and self-harming behavior (AtR!Sk) in Heidelberg were analyzed. Results show that BPD is clearly associated with illicit drug use in adolescence. There is no difference between occasional and frequent users in terms of mean number of BPD criteria. However, frequent users differ from occasional users regarding greater number of impulsivity and anger criteria. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables there was no association between drug use and depression. Since even single events of illicit drug use are associated with higher levels of BPD, clinicians should rapidly target to stop consumption. Further, psychotherapeutic interventions for BPD in high-risk consumers should especially focus on facilitating adaptive emotion regulation skills in regards to impulsivity and anger
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