5,750 research outputs found
Mutagenicity of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Salmomella tester strains
No full text
Dataset for High beam quality, watt-level, widely tunable, mid-infrared OP-GaAs optical parametric oscillator
No full textData supporting the publications: Fu, Q., Xu, L., Liang, S., Shardlow, P., Shepherd, D., Alam, S-U., & Richardson, D. (Accepted/In press). High beam quality, watt-level, widely tunable, mid-infrared OP-GaAs optical parametric oscillator. Optics Letters. </span
PredialysisPCs_CJKHD_Rev2_Clean_supp_1 – Supplemental material for Impact of Predialysis Psychosocial Conditions on Kidney Transplant Recipient Survival: Evidence Using Propensity Score Matching
No full textSupplemental material, PredialysisPCs_CJKHD_Rev2_Clean_supp_1 for Impact of Predialysis Psychosocial Conditions on Kidney Transplant Recipient Survival: Evidence Using Propensity Score Matching by Rui Fu and Peter C. Coyte in Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease</p
Exponential increase of transition rates in metastable systems driven by non-Gaussian noise
No full textNon-Gaussian noise influences many complex out-of-equilibrium systems on a
wide range of scales such as quantum devices, active and living matter, and
financial markets. Despite the ubiquitous nature of non-Gaussian noise, its
effect on activated transitions between metastable states has so far not been
understood in generality, notwithstanding prior work focusing on specific noise
types and scaling regimes. Here, we present a unified framework for a general
class of non-Gaussian noise, which we take as any finite-intensity noise with
independent and stationary increments. Our framework identifies optimal escape
paths as minima of a stochastic action, which enables us to derive analytical
results for the dominant scaling of the escape rates in the weak-noise regime
generalizing the conventional Arrhenius law. We show that non-Gaussian noise
always induces a more efficient escape, by reducing the effective potential
barrier compared to the Gaussian case with the same noise intensity.
Surprisingly, for a broad class of amplitude distributions even noise of
infinitesimally small intensity can induce an exponentially larger escape rate.
As the underlying reason we identify the appearance of discontinuous minimal
action paths, for which escape from the metastable state involves a finite
jump. We confirm the existence of such paths by calculating the prefactor of
the escape rate, as well as by numerical simulations. Our results highlight
fundamental differences in the escape behaviour of systems subject to thermal
and non-thermal fluctuations, which can be tuned to optimize switching
behaviour in metastable systems
A three-dimensional non-local lattice bond model for fracturing behavior prediction in brittle solids
No full textIn this paper, a 3D non-local lattice bond model is proposed to model fracturing behaviors of materials. First, the formulations and detailed derivation for three-dimensional non-local lattice bond models are obtained by comparing the strain energy stored in a discrete lattice with the classical continuum strain energy. Then, the capabilities of three-dimensional non-local lattice bond models are verified using benchmarks. To further assess the performance of the non-local lattice bond model, fracturing behaviors in brittle solids are predicted. Compared with the previous numerical results, the proposed model demonstrates better performances, which are more consistent with the experimental observations. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V
P/Q-type calcium-channel blockade in the periaqueductal gray facilitates trigeminal nociception: a functional genetic link for migraine?
No full textThe discovery of mis-sense mutations in the alpha1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine indicates the potential involvement of dysfunctional ion channels in migraine. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) region of the brainstem modulates craniovascular nociception and, through its role in the descending pain modulation system, may contribute to migraine pathophysiology. In this study we sought to investigate the possible link between the genetic mutations found in migraineurs and the PAG as a modulator of craniovascular nociception. We microinjected the P/Q-type calcium-channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA into the rat ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG). We examined its effect on the nociceptive transmission of second-order neurons recorded in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and activated by stimulation of the parietal dura mater. After injection of agatoxin into the vlPAG (n = 20) responses to dural stimulation were facilitated by 143% (p < 0.0001) for Adelta-fiber activity and 180% for C-fiber activity (p < 0.05). Similarly, spontaneous background activity increased by 163% (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that P/Q-type calcium channels in the PAG play a role in modulating trigeminal nociception and suggest a role for dysfunctional P/Q-type calcium channels in migraine pathophysiology.<br/
The <it>FU </it>gene and its possible protein isoforms
No full textAbstract Background FU is the human homologue of the Drosophila gene fused whose product fused is a positive regulator of the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Thus, FU may act as a regulator of the human counterparts of Ci, the GLI transcription factors. Since Ci and GLI are targets of Hedgehog signaling in development and morphogenesis, it is expected that FU plays an important role in Sonic, Desert and/or Indian Hedgehog induced cellular signaling. Results The FU gene was identified on chromosome 2q35 at 217.56 Mb and its exon-intron organization determined. The human developmental disorder Syndactyly type 1 (SD1) maps to this region on chromosome 2 and the FU coding region was sequenced using genomic DNA from an affected individual in a linked family. While no FU mutations were found, three single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. The expression pattern of FU was thoroughly investigated and all examined tissues express FU. It is also clear that different tissues express transcripts of different sizes and some tissues express more than one transcript. By means of nested PCR of specific regions in RT/PCR generated cDNA, it was possible to verify two alternative splicing events. This also suggests the existence of at least two additional protein isoforms besides the FU protein that has previously been described. This long FU and a much shorter isoform were compared for the ability to regulate GLI1 and GLI2. None of the FU isoforms showed any effects on GLI1 induced transcription but the long form can enhance GLI2 activity. Apparently FU did not have any effect on SUFU induced inhibition of GLI. Conclusions The FU gene and its genomic structure was identified. FU is a candidate gene for SD1, but we have not identified a pathogenic mutation in the FU coding region in a family with SD1. The sequence information and expression analyses show that transcripts of different sizes are expressed and subjected to alternative splicing. Thus, mRNAs may contain different 5'UTRs and encode different protein isoforms. Furthermore, FU is able to enhance the activity of GLI2 but not of GLI1, implicating FU in some aspects of Hedgehog signaling.</p
Variants from "The role of deleterious substitutions in crop genomes"
No full textThere are two gzipped VCF (variant call format) files with variant calls for barley and soybean. A total of 652,797 SNPs were identified in the barley lines, which consisted of 13 cultivars and 2 wild accessions. For soybean, 7 cultivars and 1 wild accession were used, and 586,102 SNPs were called. Whether a variant is deleterious or not was determined using SIFT (http://sift.jcvi.org/), PolyPhen2 (http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2/), and a likelihood ratio test of sequence conservation. Raw reads are available through the SRA accession numbers in Table S1 of Kono et al. 2016. The code used for this research, BAD_Mutations, is open source and freely available at https://github.com/MorrellLAB/BAD_Mutations.SNP calls in protein coding regions were obtained from 15 barley and 8 soybean lines. Non synonymous SNPs were predicted to be deleterious or not using three approaches.USDA NIFA National Needs Fellowship (Appropriation No. 5430-21000-006-00D)MnDrive 2014 Food Security FellowshipMinnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Variety Development fundUnited Soybean BoardU.S. NSF Plant Genome Program (BDI-1339393)Kono, Thomas J Y; Fu, Fengli; Mohammadi, Mohsen; Hoffman, Paul J; Liu, Chaochih; Stupar, Robert M; Smith, Kevin P; Tiffin, Peter; Fay, Justin C; Morrell, Peter L. (2016). Variants from "The role of deleterious substitutions in crop genomes". Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, http://doi.org/10.13020/D65C7D
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