293 research outputs found
Special Issue: Microreaction Technology. (Proceedings of the 7th International Conference held September 2003 in Lausanne, Switzerland.) [In: Chem. Eng. J. (Amsterdam, Neth.); 2004, 101(1-3)]
No full textLGRCCAN 141:316575 48-8 Unit Operations and Processes Neth. Book written in English
Prior infection with Cal/09 virus cross-protects mice against the lethal challenge with Neth/09 isolate.
No full text<p>(A, B) Determination of LD<sub>50</sub> for the Neth/09 isolate in C57B/6 mice (n = 5/group). Mice were infected with the indicated doses of virus and their body weight (A) and survival (B) were monitored for 14 days. (C, D) Re-challenge of Cal/09 infected mice with Neth/09 (n = 4/group). Six weeks old C57B/6 mice were inoculated with PBS (Mock) or Cal/09 isolate (10<sup>3</sup> or 5×10<sup>4</sup> pfu). After 21 days the mice were challenged with 1×10<sup>6</sup> pfu of Neth/09 isolate. The body weight (C) and survival (D) were monitored for 14 days as in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000745#ppat-1000745-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>.</p
Passive immunization of mice with 1918 and 2009 H1N1 HA specific cross-reactive antibodies protects against Neth/09.
No full text<p>Nine week old, C57B/6 mice were passively immunized with a total 150 µg of indicated monoclonal antibody (intraperitoneal route) 24 hr prior to viral challenge. After antibody administration, the mice were challenged with Neth/09 isolate at a dose 50 LD<sub>50</sub>. (A) Body weight of passively immunized mice challenged with Neth/09 (n = 5/group). (B) Survival of passively immunized mice post-challenge with Neth/09. (C) Viral Titers in the lungs at days 3 and 6 p.c. Viral load in the lungs homogenates were quantified as in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000745#ppat-1000745-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>. Control (No Ab) mice are the same as controls in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000745#ppat-1000745-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a> and are included for direct comparison.</p
Policy analysis of water management for the Netherlands. Vol VII: Assessment of impacts on drinking-water companies and their customers
No full textThis volume assesses the impacts of a number of water management policies developed by PAWN on drinking-water (DW) companies and their customers (households, commercial entities, and industrial firms). Chapter 2 summarizes briefly the major water-related problems facing DW companies in the Netherlands today, and shows why the author believes they will become more severe in the future. Chapter 3 describes the methodology in detail. Chapter 4 presents the impacts and associated discussion of PAWN's primary and groundwater cases on DW production, and on DW companies and their customers. Finally, in Chap. 5, the author assesses those impacts, draws some overall conclusions, and discusses the implications of those conclusions for the future supply and costs of DW in the Netherlands.PAW
An Empirical Exploration of Exchange Rate Target-Zones
No full textIn the context of a flexible-price monetary exchange rate model and the assumption of uncovered interest parity, we obtain a measure of the fundamental determinant of exchange rates. Daily data for the European Monetary System are used to explore the importance of non-linearities in the relationship between the exchange rates and fundamentals. Many implications of existing "target-zone" exchange rate models are tested; little support is found for existing non-linear models of limited exchange rate flexibility.
Vaccination of mice with 1918, 1943 and classical swine H1N1 virus-based inactive vaccines protects against Neth/09 lethal infection.
No full text<p>Five weeks old C57B/6 were immunized with 15 µg of the indicated inactivated viruses or with 1918 VLP vaccine followed by a boost (15 µg) after two weeks. Four weeks after the first immunization, vaccinated mice were challenged with Neth/09 isolate at a dose of 50 LD<sub>50</sub> (7.9×10<sup>5</sup> pfu). Mice were monitored for body weight loss and survival for 14 days as in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000745#ppat-1000745-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>. (A) Body weight of classical swine H1N1 (Sw/30, NJ/76), 1918 VLP and human H1N1 Wei/43 vaccinated mice after challenge with Neth/09 (n = 4 or 5 mice/group) (D) Body weight of mice vaccinated with contemporary (from 1977–2007) H1N1 or H3N2 inactivated virus after challenge with Neth/09 (n = 4 or 5 mice/group). (B, E) Survival of mice vaccinated with H1N1 and H3N2 viruses post-challenge. (C, F) Viral titers in H1N1 and H3N2 vaccinated mice on days 3 and 6 p.c. Each data point represents the average viral titers from 2 or 3 mice. A single group of control (no vaccine) mice were used and are included in all the panels for direct comparison. The Cal/09 vaccinated group is also included on (A) and (B) for comparison.</p
Policy analysis of water management for the Netherlands. Vol VIII: Assessment of impacts on industrial firms
No full textThis volume in the PAWN series documents the impacts on industrial firms in the Netherlands that would be brought about by the imposition of a set of proposed water-management policies. It describes the structure, data requirements, and major assumptions behind the computer models used to calculate the efficient distribution of ground water (GW) and drinking water by simulating the water use of industrial firms. Then it analyzes the possible responses of Dutch firms to changes in the availability or intake costs of GW, estimates the cost and water-use mix of their least-cost responses, and predicts how the European markets for industrial goods will allocate those resulting costs (and benefits) among the impacted firms, their competitors, and their customers. It finds that firms can respond in many ways to changes in their GW intake environment; that some responses cost considerably less than others; that little of the cost can be passed on to consumers, but that the government will pick up about one-third of it; and that the gross cost increases (including the government's share) approximate rather closely the industrial sector's contribution to the policies' total effects on the net economic welfare of the Netherlands.PAW
Protecting an estuary from floods: A policy analysis of the Oosterschelde. Vol 1: Summary report
No full textThe first volume in a series of reports describing the methodology and results of a joint research venture between RAND and the Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat. The POLANO project was founded to help the Dutch government analyze the different alternatives (open, closed, and storm-surge barrier cases) for protecting the Oosterschelde region from North Sea floods. Volume I describes the approach and summarizes the results of the complete analysis. The many impacts of each alternative--including financial costs, flood security, ecological changes, and selected economic and social effects--are presented and compared through the novel use of colored scorecards. The report shows how the impacts vary with changes in the design of the alternatives and in certain assumptions. This work, combined with special studies by the Rijkswaterstaat, was the foundation of the report on which the Parliament based its selection of an alternative in June 1976.Polan
Protecting an estuary from floods: A policy analysis of the Oosterschelde. Vol 3: Assessment of long-run ecological balances
No full textThe third volume in a series of reports describing the methodology and results of a joint research venture between RAND and the Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat. The POLANO project was founded to help the Dutch government analyze the different alternatives (open, closed, and storm-surge barrier cases) for protecting the Oosterschelde region from North Sea floods. Volume III describes how the abundances of the Oosterschelde's different species would change in the long run with variations in the alternatives and certain assumptions; the variations included different apertures for the storm-surge barrier, different sizes for the salt-water basin, and different rates for fishing and detritus import. The report also discusses in detail the ecology model that was developed using mathematical concepts new to ecology. Results of an attempt to validate the model are given, using data from the Grevelingen, an estuary adjacent to and similar to the Oosterschelde.Polan
Controlling the Oosterschelde storm-surge barrier: A policy analysis of alternative strategies. Vol. 4: Basin response to North Sea water levels: the Barcon simplic model
No full textThe fourth in a four-volume study to assist the Netherlands government in a policy analysis of alternative control strategies for operating the storm-surge barrier across the Oosterschelde basin. This volume describes the simulation model of the storm-surge barrier and basin used to estimate the variation with time of different water levels inside the Oosterschelde, given specified sets of storms outside the barrier. It discusses the capabilities of the model (called SIMPLIC), the storm sets and tidal shapes used, and the model's inputs and outputs. Two sets of storm scenarios were represented in SIMPLIC: a historical storm set comprising 44 storms from 1921 to 1970, and a design storm set including 12 variations of two extreme storm surges. The first storm set was used to evaluate ecological, water management, and shipping impacts and the second to assess safety impacts of the alternative barrier control strategies, as discussed in Vol. I. 92 pp. Ref.Barco
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