1,029 research outputs found
ATP-driven protein translocation in bacteria
No full textSecA is the ATP-driven force generator for the Sec-dependent translocation of proteins across the inner membrane of Estcherichia coli. Together
with an integral membranc protein complex, consisting of the SecY, SecE and SecG proteins, SecA constitutes the translocase (reviewed in Wickner el al., 1991; Driessen et al., 1998). SecA is the precursor protein binding subunit, and
the only ATPase involved in the translocation process.
Zee: Summary and concluding remarks.
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Print of Rubens Sketch
No full textPrint of a sketch. Color print of a sketch by Peter Paul Rubens titled "Herkules und Minerva stofien Mars zurüch"
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Print of Rubens Sketch
No full textPrint of a sketch by Peter Paul Rubens titled "Bambino in otto di fare i primi passi". Printer's stamp on back of print
Protein Targeting to the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane
No full textProteins that perform their activity within the cytoplasmic membrane or outside this cell boundary must be targeted to the translocation site prior to their insertion and/or translocation. In bacteria, several targeting routes are known; the SecB- and the signal recognition particle-dependent pathways are the best characterized. Recently, evidence for the existence of a third major route, the twin-Arg pathway, was gathered Proteins that use either one of these three different pathways possess special features that enable their specific interaction with the components of the targeting routes. Such targeting information is often contained in an N-terminal extension, the signal sequence, but can also be found within the mature domain of the targeted protein. Once the nascent chain starts to emerge from the ribosome, competition for the protein between different targeting factors begins. After recognition and binding, the targeting factor delivers the protein to the translocation sires at the cytoplasmic membrane. Only by means of a specific interaction between the targeting component and its receptor is the cargo released for further processing and translocation. This mechanism ensures the high-fidelity targeting of premembrane and membrane proteins to the translocation site
Behind the horizon. Reassessing the genesis and function of the ‘First Palace’ at Knossos (FN IV-MM IB)
No full textstatus: Publishe
Back to the beginning : reassessing social and political complexity on Crete during the early and middle Bronze Age /
No full text"This volume owes its origins to a workshop, organised at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven early in 2008 ... Each of the papers originally presented was integral to the coherence and success of this workshop ..."--Preface.Includes bibliographical references.Back to the beginning for the early and middle Bronze Age on Crete / Ilse Schoep and Peter Tomkins -- Behind the horizon : reconsidering the genesis and function of the "First Palace" at Knossos (final neolithic IV-middle Minoan IB) / Peter Tomkins -- Palatial Knossos : the early years / Colin F. Macdonald -- The urbanisation of prehistoric Crete : settlement perspectives on Minoan state formation / Todd Whitelaw -- The emergence of elite groups at protopalatial Malia : a biography of Quartier Mu / Jean-Claude Poursat -- Trade and interconnections in Lasithi between EM II and MM I, the evidence from the Ayios Charalambos Cave / Philip P. Betancourt -- Craft production and social practices at prepalatial Phaistos : the background to the first "palace" / Simona Todaro -- Emerging authority : a functional analysis of the MM II settlement of phaistos / Pietro Militello -- Regional elite-groups and the production and consumption of seals in the prepalatial period : a case-study of the Asterousia region / Kostas Sbonias -- The social arenas of tradition : investigating collective and individual social strategies in the prepalatial and protopalatial Mesara / Maria Relaki -- The construction, deconstruction and non-construction of hierarchies in the funerary record of prepalatial Crete / Borja Legarra Herrero -- A matrilocal house society in pre- and protopalatial Crete? / Jan Driessen -- A regional network approach to protopalatial complexity / Carl Knappett -- Bridging the divide between the "prepalatial" and the "protopalatial" periods? / Ilse Schoep -- "Back to the beginning" : an overview / Peter Warren
Interinstitutional convention as checks and balances in EU law
No full textThis study investigates the extent to which arrangements concluded between European institutions contribute to the separation of powers underlying the European Union’s political system.
The point of departure is an analysis of different separation of powers models. The author posits that the European Union’s political system is best interpreted against the background of a ‘separation of institutions’, implying that no European institution should exercise its legal powers in an unchecked manner. This approach builds on the Court of Justice’ institutional balance doctrine. It differs from the more traditional constitutional law theory known as ‘trias politica’ according to which no government authority ought to combine two ‘governmental functions’. Seen from this perspective, separation of powers is a matter of autonomous institutions subject to ‘checks and balances’.
Some checks and balances find their basis in EU law. However, many others are based on arrangements between the European institutions. Many of such arrangements are not based on law. An enquiry into the possible general legal bases for such interinstitutional agreements finds all of them unsound.
Driessen argues that interinstitutional arrangements without a legal basis (‘interinstitutional conventions’) cannot be legally enforceable. Although there are differences, to a certain extent they can be equated to the ‘constitutional conventions’ known in British constitutional law. An analysis of such interinstitutional conventions suggests their omnipresence in European constitutional practice.
The study analyses the effects of interinstitutional arrangements on different fields of EU law. This includes, inter alia, an analysis of the political responsibility of the Commission and of its members towards the European Parliament, of the interinstitutional conventions that govern the Parliament’s rights of oversight, and those governing legislative procedures, the budgetary procedure and external relations.
The analysis shows that many interinstitutional conventions are important instruments for the daily management of the Union. Other interinstitutional conventions concern the details of the relations between the institutions. They can tangibly affect the balance of influence between the European institutions. For example, in the budgetary field, the European Parliament successfully used interinstitutional agreements to ensure that about one half of expenditure is subject to its approval as non-compulsory expenditure. Additionally, it acquired some control over the remainder through the financial perspectives, which are equally based on interinstitutional conventions.
Driessen researches the limitations on the use of such interinstitutional arrangements. Although they certainly cannot replace the procedures foreseen in European law, they can affect such them. Jurists often fail to notice the extent to which this happens. The study is based on current law but also takes on board the changes proposed in the Constitutional Treaty.status: Publishe
An Examination of the Globalisation of Authorship in Publishing in 20 Leading Marketing Journals
No full textPurpose of this paper is to examine the global contribution of academics to marketing literature between 1999 and 2003, based on an examination of the location of academics institution of employment, as reported in published works. The data is used to evaluate the global dispersion of publishing.\ud
Design/approach. The paper uses the method of content analysis where the authorship of all articles in 20 leading marketing journals between 1999 and 2003 is examined. An empirical examination of performance was undertaken across geographic regions. There was also an examination of whether the quality of journal affected regional performance.\ud
Findings. The research found that there is a significant "bias" of authorship within the 20 journals examined, with the majority of works published by academics at institutions in North America. There is some variation in regional performance based on the type of journal examined. Limitations. There was no attempt to empirically examine why differences might exist. The study only focused on a sample of 20 English language journals over 5 years. These journals have been included in studies that list the leading marketing journal for US and European academics. Practical Implications. The research suggests that there may in fact be regional differences in publishing behaviour. It is unclear if these differences relate to variations in the "objectives" of institutions within each country or other factors, such as the North American publish-or-perish mentality. The research posits that a marketing knowledge may be unnecessarily restricted, if there is a bias against non-North American perspectives. Originality. While there have been other works examining research performance of institutions, there has been limited examination in marketing on the nation in which authors work and none have used a broad cross-section of journals. This work takes a global "snapshot" of national research performance within marketing
Archaea and the tree of life
No full textSéminaire organisé par Patrick Forterre du 11 au 16 mai 2009 Participants Stephen D. Bell, Jonathan Berthon, Céline Brochier-Armanet (organisateur), Vincent Daubin, Elie Desmond, Arnold J.-M. Driessen, Laure Eme, Patrick Forterre (organisateur), Roger Garrett, J. Peter Gogarten, Simonetta Gribaldo (organisateur), Henri Grosjean, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Michel Morange, Gary J. Olsen, Anthony M. Poole, Christa Schleper, John van der Oost, Christiaan van Ooij, Finn Werner, Malcolm F. White Compte r..
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