558 research outputs found
FIGURE 1 in A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*
No full textFIGURE 1. Recently discovered and unusual animals. (A) Press coverage of the discovery of the bone-eating worm Osedax (for details see Rouse and Pleijel, this volume). (B) Greenland stamp after the discovery of Micrognathozoa. (C) Detail of the cycliophoran Symbion pandora (photograph courtesy of Peter Funch). (D) An undescribed deep-sea lophenteropneust (photograph courtesy of Nick Holland [see Holland et al. 2005]).Published as part of Giribet, Gonzalo, Dunn, Casey W., Edgecombe, Gregory D., Rouse, Greg W. & Z.-Q, 2007, A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*, pp. 61-79 in Zootaxa 1668 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/510453
Factors Affecting Herbicide Use in Fruits and Vegetables
No full textProper herbicide application is critical for fruit and vegetable growers to effectively manage weeds. Improper herbicide application may lead to herbicide loss from the targeted area, increased crop injury, and reduced weed control. Growers need to take into account a number of factors before and during application in any crop to ensure the herbicide is effective. Herbicide efficacy is greatly affected by timing and environmental conditions. Although complete weed control is not always possible, even slight reductions in weed populations can greatly enhance productivity in fruit and vegetable crops. This 4-page fact sheet reviews techniques and processes to help growers properly apply herbicides. Understanding the processes and applying the following techniques will help to increase the overall efficacy of herbicides in fruit and vegetable production. Written by C. E. Rouse and P. J. Dittmar, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, May 2013.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs121
Munidopsis girguisi Rodríguez-Flores & Seid & Rouse & Giribet 2023, sp. nov.
No full textMunidopsis girguisi sp. nov. (Fig. 9 a–k, 10 a, b, g, 11 a, d, Supplementary Fig. S3.) ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FAD0D92-72A1-492E-B4D0-B2AB AD807F70 Material examined Holotype. USA: California, leg. E/V Nautilus, ROV Hercules dive H1455, Stn NA066-152, 8.viii.2015, 33.66222°N, 118.56974°W, 535 m: 1 M 18 mm (MCZ IZ-73856). Paratypes. Same collecting data as holotype: 1 M 4 mm, 1 F 10 mm (MCZ IZ-163059). — USA: California, leg. E/V Nautilus, ROV Hercules dive H1455, Stn NA066-145, 8.viii.2015, 33.66009°N, 118.57134°W, 558 m: 1 F broken 7 mm (MCZ IZ-73852). — USA: Point Dume, off Malibu, California, leg. Charlotte Seid, Emily McLaughlin, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0163, Slurp 1, 8.x.2018, 33.94187°N, 118.84381°W, 719 m: 14 M 11.6–16.7 mm, 4 ov. F 12.3–15.6 mm, 3 F 9.9–11.2 mm (ethanol-treated specimens, SIO-BIC C14008), 4 M 16.6–20.0 mm 2 ov. F 12.3–13.4 mm (formalin-fixed specimens, SIO-BIC C14008). Non-type specimens. USA: California, leg. E/V Nautilus, ROV Hercules dive H1455, Stn NA066-151, 8.viii.2015, 33.66017°N, 118.56964°W, 554.6 m: 1 M 3 mm, 1 F 4.7 mm (MCZ IZ-73844). — USA: California: seep, leg. E/V Nautilus, ROV Hercules dive H1455, Stn NA066-150, 8.viii.2015, 33.6604°N, 118.5695°W, 554 m: 1 M 4.5 mm, 1 F 2.0 mm (broken) (MCZ IZ-74029). — USA: Point Dume, off Malibu, California, leg. Charlotte Seid, Emily McLaughlin, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0164, Slurp 4, 9.x.2018, 33.94186°N, 118.843986°W, 723 m, 1 ov. F 12.3 mm (SIO-BIC C14010). — USA: Point Dume, off Malibu, California, leg. Charlotte Seid, Emily McLaughlin, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0164, Slurp 3, 9.x.2018, 33.94187°N, 118.84376°W, 723 m, 2 M 14.5–15.6 mm (formalin-fixed specimens, SIO-BIC C14012), 5 M 12.3–15.6 mm, 1 ov. F 13.4 mm, 1 F 12.3 mm (ethanol-treated specimens, SIO-BIC C14012). — USA: Redondo Knoll, off California, leg. Charlotte Seid, Emily McLaughlin, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0167, 11.x.2018, 33.68120°N, 118.57140°W to 33.6898°N, 118.57497°W), 498–578 m: 1 F 6.7 mm (SIO-BIC C14038). — USA: Santa Monica Mound and Fossil Hill, off California, leg. Greg Rouse, R/V Western Flyer, ROV Doc Ricketts dive D1250, 7.ii.2020, 33.83851°N, 118.69038°W to 33.84447°N, 118.68830W, 623–863 m, 1 M 16.7 mm (SIO-BIC C14442), 1 M 12.3 mm 3 ov. F 11.2–14.5 mm (SIO-BIC C14443). — USA: Santa Monica Mound, off California, leg. Greg Rouse, R/V Western Flyer, ROV Doc Ricketts dive D1252, 8.ii.2020, 33.79938°N, 118.64631°W to 33.79947°N, 118.64698°W, 789–807 m, 1 ov. F 10.0 mm (SIO-BIC C14445). — USA: Lasuen Knoll, off California, leg. Greg Rouse, Nicolas Mongiardino Koch, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0449, SCB-236, slurp 2, 2.viii.2021, 33.38816°N, 118.00555°W, 382 m, 1 M 13.4 mm (SIO-BIC C14553). — USA: Lasuen Knoll, off California, leg. Greg Rouse, Nicolas Mongiardino Koch, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0449, SCB-235, 2.viii.2021, 33.38818°N, 118.00556°W, 382 m, 2 F 9.9–8.8 mm (SIO-BIC C14554). — USA: Rosebud whalefall, off San Diego, California, leg. Greg Rouse, R/V Western Flyer, ROV Doc Ricketts dive D1253, 9.ii.2020, 32.77687°N, 117.48807°W, 845 m: 1 M 13.4 mm (SIO-BIC C14437). — USA: California, leg. Robert C. Vrijenhoek, R /V Western Flyer, ROV Doc Ricketts dive D476, 21.v.2013, 33.843400°N, 118.68900°W, 664 m, 6 M 5.4–10.8 mm, 3 ov. F 11.5–12.3 mm, 4 F 7.0–11.4 mm (USNM 1463927). — USA: California, leg. Robert C. Vrijenhoek, R /V Western Flyer, ROV Doc Ricketts dive D631, 24.vi.2014, 33.90430°N, 118.73400°W, 535 m, 2 M 3.1–4.0 m, 2 F 3.7–12.5 mm (USNM 1487201), 2 M 3.1–3.3 mm, 2 F 3.3–5.7 mm (USNM 1487195). COSTA RICA: Jaco Summit, leg. Greg Rouse, Allison Miller, R/V Falkor, ROV SuBastian dive S0213, 6.i.2019, 9.17341°N, 84.80380°W, 730–820 m: 2 specimens not measured (tissue SIO-BIC C13897 ex MZUCR 3760-01). Etymology Named for Prof. Peter Girguis, Chief Scientist of the R/V Falkor ‘Backyard Deep’ cruise FK181005, during which most of the paratypes were collected. The type locality off Los Angeles matches Prof. Girguis’ ‘Angeleno’ origins. The presence of filamentous bacteria resonates with Prof. Girguis’ research in deep-sea microbiology, and the tripoint carapace marking resembles the ABISS autonomous lander deployed by the Girguis lab on this cruise. We honor Prof. Girguis’ enthusiasm for collecting these animals and his kind, inclusive leadership as Chief Scientist. Diagnosis Carapace quadrangular, dorsally smooth, with pair of epigastric scales, with dorsal deep furrows and rugae, cervical grooves indistinct. Rostrum broadly triangular, lateral margins convergent, unarmed. Frontal margins slightly oblique. Orbit not distinctly excavated, outer orbital angle with a minute spine. Anterolateral angle armed with a small spine. Branchial margin serrated, unarmed. Pterygostomian flap with rugae. Abdominal somites unarmed. Telson divided into 7–8 plates. Sternite 3 anterolaterally rounded, anterior margin with median notch flanked by 2 lobes, sternite 4 subtriangular. Eyes unarmed, movable, epistomial spine present. Article 1 of antennule with dorsolateral process mesially concave. Article 1 of antenna with well-developed distolateral spine. Mxp3 merus subrhomboidal in lateral view. P1 moderately stout, with some spines, fixed finger without denticulate carina on distolateral margin. P2–4 stout, unarmed; meri carinated, propodi paddle-shaped; dactyli stout, curving, flexor margin with cuticular teeth along all margin decreasing proximally. Epipods absent from all pereopods. Description Carapace Quadrangular, slightly longer than broad, widest at posterior part; slightly convex from side to side. Dorsal surface smooth, with two epigastric produced scales, hepatic and anterior branchial areas with scarce rugae; posterior cardiac and intestinal region with few rugae. Regions well delineated by deep furrows, anterior and posterior cervical grooves indistinct. Gastric region slightly elevated. Posterior cardiac region constricted by lateral furrows, forming notches; posterior margin unarmed, preceded by deep transverse depression. Rostrum broadly triangular, dorsally concave, width 0.15–0.25× anterior width of carapace, horizontal, lateral margins coarsely serrated, ventrally convex and carinated, 0.2–0.3× carapace length, 1–1.5× as long as broad. Frontal margin serrated, oblique behind ocular peduncle, blunt outer orbital angle above antennal peduncle, outer orbital spine and process (antennal spine) minute. Lateral margins carinated, with numerous rugae, preceded by a depression, nearly straight proximally, oblique distally; anterolateral spine minute. Pterygostomian flap surface with large and short rugae, anteriorly acute. Sternum Slightly longer than broad, maximum width at sternite 6. Sternite 3 moderately broad, 1.8–2.5× wider than long, anterolaterally rounded, anterior margin with median notch flanked by 2 lobes. Sternite 4 narrowly elongate anteriorly; surface depressed in midline, smooth; greatest width 2–3× that of sternite 3 and 2.0× wider than long. Abdomen Unarmed; tergite 2 with 2 elevated transverse ridges, smooth; tergites 3–5 lacking posterior ridge; tergite 6 with weakly produced posterolateral lobes and nearly transverse posteromedian margin. Telson composed of 7–8 plates, 1.2× as wide as long. Eye Eyestalk movable, partially concealed by rostrum; peduncle smooth, longer than cornea length; cornea subglobular; lateral surface contiguous to epistomial spine, ventral to frontal margin. Antennule Article 1 of peduncle with dorsolateral process mesially concave, distally serrated; distomesial margin produced and squamate. Antenna Peduncle not exceeding eye; article 1 with strong distolateral spine, distomesial angle unarmed, not reaching end of article 2, partially concealed by pterygostomian flap. Article 2 with well-developed distomesial and distolateral spines. Article 3 longer than article 2, with well-developed distomesial and distolateral spines, often double distolateral or distomesial spines. Article 4 unarmed. Flagellum longer than carapace. Mxp3 Surface smooth. Flexor margin of merus with 2 spines, proximal larger, small distal spine; extensor margin with 1 distal spine. Ischium slightly longer than merus measured on extensor margin, unarmed. Crista dentate, finely denticulate. Dactylus, propodus and carpus unarmed. P1 Moderately stout, with some granules and scales, females 1.7–1.9, males 1.8–2.2× longer than carapace. Merus 1.9–2.0× carpus length, with some spines at all surfaces, mesial stronger, including a few distal stout spines, dorsal margin proximally carinated. Carpus 1.5–1.8× longer than broad, with few spines at all surfaces, distal spines absent. Palm stout, slightly longer than carpus, 1.5–1.7× longer than broad, with row of small spines on mesial and lateral margins. Fingers unarmed, 0.7–0.9× longer than palm, opposable margins nearly straight, slightly gaping, spooned; fixed finger without denticulate carina on distolateral margin. P2–4 Stout, coarsely granulated, devoid of setae, slightly decreasing in size posteriorly. P2 merus stout, 0.3–0.5× carapace length, nearly 3.0× longer than high and 1.1–1.2× length of P2 propodus. P2–4 meri decreasing in length posteriorly (P3 merus 0.8 length of P2 merus, P4 merus 0.9 length of P3 merus); extensor margin of P2–4 meri carinated, with small spines along entire bor-der, distal part flattish ending in thick spine; flexor margin granulate ending in a thick spine; carpi with one small spine on extensor margin, granulated carina along lateral side; P2–4 propodi paddle-shaped, 2.6–2.7× as long as high, flattened in cross-section, extensor margin granulated; dactyli 0.6–0.7× length of propodi; distal claw short, moderately curved; flexor margin distally curved, with 11–13 min dactylar teeth decreasing in size proximally, each with slender corneous spine, ultimate tooth closer to dactylar angle than to penultimate tooth. Epipods Absent from pereopods. Eggs Approximately 10–45 eggs, 0.6–1 mm in diameter. Colouration Carapace and pereopods pink or varying shades of orange; carapace with a white tripoint marking on many of the California specimens. Distribution California and Costa Rica from 381- to 845-m depth. Genetic data COI, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA. Remarks This new species appears to be covered by filamentous bacteria on the carapace, abdomen and chelipeds when alive but these bacteria were missing after fixation. Other squat lobster species living in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps exhibit this kind of epibiotic bacteria (e.g. Goffredi et al. 2008). Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov. resembles Munidopsis denudata Macpherson, 2007 from the Solomon Islands and M. inermis Faxon, 1893 from Panama. However, the new species is easily distinguished from these species by the following characters: • The new species has deep furrows on the dorsal surface of the carapace and rugae on the pterygostomian flap, whereas these surfaces are smooth in M. denudata and in M. inermis. • The frontal margin of the carapace is unarmed in M. denudata and M. inermis whereas this is armed with a minute antennal spine in the new species. • The anterolateral angle is unarmed in M. denudata and M. inermis whereas this angle is armed with a small spine in the new species. • The new species has an acute triangular rostrum whereas M. denudata has a broadly triangular rostrum. • The flexor margin of the Mxp3 is armed with one strong proximal spine and one small distal spine in M. denudata whereas this margin is armed with two proximal spines in the new species. • P1–4 have spines in the new species, whereas these are unarmed in M. denudata and M. inermis. • The dactyli flexor margin is unamred in Munidopsis inermis whereas this margin is armed with minute spines in the new species.Published as part of Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C., Seid, Charlotte A., Rouse, Greg W. & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2023, Cosmopolitan abyssal lineages? A systematic study of East Pacific deep-sea squat lobsters (Decapoda: Galatheoidea: Munidopsidae), pp. 14-60 in Invertebrate Systematics 37 (1) on pages 29-34, DOI: 10.1071/is22030, http://zenodo.org/record/753473
Galapagomystides kathyae Pearson & Rouse 2022, n. sp.
No full text<i>Galapagomystides kathyae</i> n. sp. <p>Figures 17, 18</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> First segment fused dorsally to prostomium. Wider prostomium. Elongated dorsal cirri on segments 1, 2 and 3. Elongated ventral cirri on segment 2.</p> <p> <b>Material Examined.</b> <b>Holotype:</b> SIO-BIC A13418 * (prepared for SEM), White Lady vent, North Fiji Basin, Fiji, 16.9905° S 173.9147° E, ~ 1990 m depth, June 1, 2005, ROV Jason II. [GenBank COI= MZ 711261] <b>Paratypes:</b> SIO-BIC A13422, A13423, A13424, A4651, A4645, White Lady vent, North Fiji Basin, Fiji, ~ 1990 m depth; A4587, Tow Cam, Lau Back-arc Basin, Tonga, ~ 2720 m depth. For locality details see Table 1. * indicates sequenced specimens.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Holotype body length 14 mm long, 1 mm wide at segment 10 for ~65 segments. Body deep pink in life (Fig. 17C). Body brown/orange with numerous dark pigmentation speckles in preserved (formalin/ethanol) state (Fig. 17A, B, D). Lobe-like prostomium; nuchal organs not visible (Fig. 18A). Anterior dorsal edge of prostomium with paired cylindrical antennae ~ 0.2 mm long (Fig. 18A, D). Paired palps ventral to antennae, similar in shape and length to antennae (Fig. 18D). Segment one dorsally fused to prostomium, following segments clearly demarcated (Fig. 18A). Pair of elongated dorsal cirri [tentacular cirri] on each of segments 1 (~ 0.25 mm long), 2 (~ 0.25 mm long) and 3 (~ 0.2 mm long) (Fig. 18A). All elongated dorsal cirri cirriform, tapering distally. Pair of elongated ventral cirri on segment 2 ~ 0.15 mm long (Fig. 18D). Bulbous, rounded dorsal cirri ~ 0.08 mm long begin on segment 4 continuing posteriorly (Fig. 18A, C). Conical, tapering ventral cirri ~ 0.1 mm long begin on segment 3 continuing posteriorly (Fig. 18D). Ventral cilia bands present (Fig. 18D). Parapodia uniramous, notopodial chaetae absent; neuropodium with central fascicle containing ~5–8 compound chaetae; one simple emergent acicula (Figs 17E, F, G, 18F). Compound chaetal shaft cylindrical; thin, flattened pointed blade extended from curved joint (Fig. 17E). Pygidium with one pair of small lobed cirriform pygidial cirri ~ 0.1 mm long rounded distally (Fig. 18B).</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Paratypes largely match the holotype. The paratype SIO-BIC A4651 of <i>G. kathyae</i> n. sp. is a juvenile (Fig. 17D), has less segments and is smaller than the holotype. This specimen was not sequenced but the morphology matches the holotype.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Galapagomystides kathyae</i> n. sp. is morphologically most like <i>G. aristata</i> and <i>G. bobpearsoni</i> n. sp. in having segment 1 dorsally fused to the prostomium. However, in the phylogenetic analyses, <i>G. kathyae</i> n. sp. was the sister group to <i>G. verenae</i> (Fig. 2). <i>Galapagomystides kathyae</i> n. sp. was found at both the North Fiji Basin and Lau Back-arc Basin, separated by 1110 km. The single specimen collected from the Lau Back-arc Basin does not have a DNA sequence but was morphologically like the holotype. The distinguishing morphological characteristics of <i>G. kathyae</i> n. sp. are a wide prostomium and elongated dorsal cirri originating from the second segment having a marked 90° angle distal to the body. The chaetal blades of <i>G. kathyae</i> n. sp. are thin and appear delicate, originating from a pointed joint.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>Galapagomystides kathyae</i> n. sp. is named after the lead author’s mother, Kathy Reimer-Pearson, for her invaluable love and support, and who sparked the lead-author’s interest and enthrallment in invertebrates.</p>Published as part of <i>Pearson, Kaila A. M. & Rouse, Greg W., 2022, Vampire Worms; A revision of Galapagomystides (Phyllodocidae, Annelida), with the description of three new species, pp. 451-485 in Zootaxa 5128 (4)</i> on page 474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6479917">http://zenodo.org/record/6479917</a>
Sphaerodoropsis anae Aguado & Rouse, 2006, n. sp.
No full textSphaerodoropsis anae n. sp. (Figures 1–4) Material examined. Holotype (MNCN 16.01 / 10817); 4 paratypes: MNCN 16.01 / 10818 (1 spec.), SAM E 3634 (2 spec.), E 3635 (1 spec.). Holotype MNCN 16.01 / 10818 and paratype MNCN 16.01 / 10818 collected by DSV Alvin Dive 4088: 37 ° 47.563 S, 110 ° 54.963 W depth 2216 m. Paratypes SAM E 3634 and SAM E 3635 collected by DSV Alvin Dive 4092: 31 ° 51.789 S, 112 ° 02.534W depth 2334 m, and DSV Alvin Dive 4093 31 ° 51.869 S, 112 ° 02.638W, depth 2235 m, respectively. Other material examined. Sphaerodoropsis discolis Borowski, 1994. Holotype SMF 4487 and paratypes SMF 4489–4502. Sphaerodoropsis biserialis (Berkeley & Berkeley, 1944). 1 Paratype USNM 32862. Diagnosis. Sphaerodoropsis with distinct proventricle; four macrotubercles per transverse row; dorsum covered by papillae; 4 papillae on dorsal edge of parapodia and several on each face; presence of prechaetal lobe; chaetal fascicles divided in two groups and bidentate compound chaetae with long spinulation. Description. Holotype (MNCN 16.01 / 10817) complete, 4.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 22 chaetigers, adult specimen, female. Paratype (MNCN 16.01 / 10818) complete 5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, with 24 chaetigers, male. Body shape, excluding parapodia, circular in section, ventrally flattened; body width fairly constant with tapering end (Figs. 1 A, 2 A). Colour white to pale in ethanol preserved specimens, without any distinguishable colour pattern. White to cream in live specimens (Figs. 1 A–C). Anterior end rounded and broadly conical (Fig. 4 A, B). Prostomium and first segments fused. Median antenna conical, slender and distally blunt. One pair of lateral antennae, both digitiform and longer than median antenna. Palps ventrally located conical, longer and wider than antennae (Fig. 4 B). Eyes absent. Long papillae present on anterior margin of prostomium, all digitiform and slightly blunt on distal part, shorter and thinner than median antenna (Fig. 2 B, 4 B). One papilla at base of each lateral antenna slightly longer than those on anterior margin of prostomium. Segment 1 achaetous with one pair of digitiform cirri, similar in length to lateral antennae. Following segments annulated, with 4 rings per segment (Fig. 3 A). Body papillae rounded, shorter than those on prostomium. Papillae cover dorsal and ventral sides of the body; organized on segmental annulae in four irregular transversal rows per segment, (Figs. 2 A–C, 4 C). Dorsal macrotubercles sessile, first chaetiger with only two macrotubercles, spherical (Figs. 2 A, B). Three macrotubercles (two on one side) (Fig. 4 A, B) present on Paratype SAM E 3635. Remainder chaetigers with four macrotubercles in a transverse row (Figs. 1 B, C, 2 A, 3 B, C, 4 A). Lateralmost macrotubercles pear-shaped slightly tapered on distal part, with orange inclusions (Figs. 3 B, C); distal tip in some invaginated (Fig. 2 A). Median macrotubercles spherical, smaller than lateral ones, containing granular material (Figs. 3 B, C). Parapodia with wrinkled surface, increasing in length posteriorly along body. Last pair directed posteriorly (Fig. 2 A). Anterior parapodial lobes conical and slender, 1 / 3 of the parapodia length (Fig. 4 D). Prechaetal lobes and ventral cirri present; dorsal cirri and postchaetal lobes absent. Ventral cirri digitiform, slightly longer than parapodia, but not exceeding prechaetal lobes (Figs. 3 B, C). Four papillae over dorsal edge of parapodia, one pair on either side of chaetae (Fig. 4 D, E). Several papillae on each face of parapodium (Figs. 3 B, C). Compound chaetae in two groups, one dorsal with 2–4 chaetae; second more ventral with 8–20 chaetae per fascicle in midbody parapodia (Fig. 4 D, E). One straight acicula per parapodium. Compound chaetae all similar, with dorsoventral gradation in length (38 µm long dorsally, 29 µm long ventrally in midbody parapodia). Blades long and slender, distally unidentate via light microscope (Fig. 3 D), but bidentate under SEM, with thin and curved distal tooth and small proximal tooth and thin spinulation on blade edge (Figs. 4 F–H). Pygidium small, rounded with two spherical anal cirri, similar in shape to lateral macrotubercles, and one conical anal cirrus (Fig. 2 A). Two pairs of slightly brown pigmented pharyngeal glands extending through first chaetiger (Figs. 2 A, B). Eversible pharynx, smooth distally (Paratypes MNCN 16.01 / 10818, SAM E 3634) (Figs. 1 C, 2 D). Cylindrical proventricle well developed and visible through three segments, about 20, dark and continuous muscle cell-rows; muscle cells all similar in size (Fig. 2 A). Holotype carrying numerous white ovoid oocytes with obvious nuclei (Figs. 1 A, B). Remarks. Borowski (1994) distinguished four different groups of Sphaerodoropsis species. Group 1 was identified by having four longitudinal rows of macrotubercles (except for first chaetiger in some species where there are two), and one transverse row per chaetiger. Group 2 includes species with more than four longitudinal rows of macrotubercles, and one transverse row per segment. In Group 3, species also present more than four longitudinal rows of macrotubercles, but two transverse rows per segment. Finally, Group 4 comprises species with macrotubercles randomly scattered over the dorsum, approximately in three to four transverse rows per segment. Sphaerodoropsis anae n. sp., clearly matches the features characterizing Group 1, and is compared with all 20 species hitherto assigned to this group in Table 1. Bakken (2002) found two additional species of Sphaerodoropsis belonging to Group 1, but they were not named given the scarcity of specimens available, and these species are not included in Table 1. It is clear that S. anae n. sp., is most similar to S. biserialis ( Berkeley & Berkeley, 1944). Both species share several characters such as the shape of antennae and macrotubercles and similar distribution of papillae. Additionally, drawings of chaetae made in the original description are very similar to the chaetae of S. anae. After study of one paratype of S. biserialis (see below), we conclude however that each species has different kinds of blades. Those of S. biserialis are unidentate (under light microscope) with thick hooked distal tooth and spinulation. Meanwhile, although blades of S. anae n. sp., appear unidentate (under light microscope), they are clearly bidentate under SEM (Figs 4 F–H). Also, compared with S. biserialis, the distal tooth is curved but thin and the spinulation is also thin, being quickly distorted when exposed to electron bombardment (see Fig. 4 G). We include the drawings of chaetae of S. anae n. sp., in Fig. 3 as they are seen under light microscope, to facilitate comparison with other Sphaerodoropsis in absence of SEM pictures. Sphaerodoropsis anae n. sp., differs from S. discolis Borowski, 1994, another similar species, in having differences in shape and size of median and lateral macrotubercles; having a longer median antenna, several papillae on parapodia and the blades of compound chaetae are distally curved. Sphaerodoropsis vittori Kudenov, 1987 also presents some similarities since it has slender chaetae and several papillae on each face of parapodium, yet this species has four macrotubercles on first chaetiger and the blades of compound chaetae are not distally curved. Sphaerodoropsis triplicata Fauchald, 1974 presents hooked blades and only possesses two or three papillae over dorsal tip of parapodia. Sphaerodoropsis exmouthensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1981 has annulated segments, but there are only two rings per segment while in S. anae n. sp., there are four and the antennae, macrotubercles and chaetal shape are also different. Differences in shape of lateral and median macrotubercles of S. longiparapodium Katzmann, 1973 are similar to those of S. anae n. sp., and both species show several papillae over the parapodia. However, there is only a single large papilla over the dorsal tip of each parapodium of S. longiparapodium and the blades of compound chaetae are not distally curved as they are in S. anae n. sp. Sphaerodoropsis philippi (Fauvel, 1911), although having several papillae on each parapodium, has chaetae that are not distally curved. Finally, although body size is not normally considered as a diagnostic character, it is quite remarkable that specimens of S. anae n. sp., are longer than most of the described species of the genus. They are about 4–5 mm long while the average of the holotypes of the species of the genus is approximately 2 mm. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Ana Navarro, a very good friend of the senior author, whose affection and company were always invaluable.Published as part of Aguado, M. Teresa & Rouse, Greg W., 2006, First record of Sphaerodoridae (Phyllodocida: Annelida) from hydrothermal vents, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 1383 on pages 3-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17504
Neogyptis vostokensis Pleijel & Rouse & Sundkvist & Nygren 2012, SP. NOV.
No full textNEOGYPTIS VOSTOKENSIS SP. NOV. (FIG. 13) <p> <i>Type material:</i> Holotype (SIO-BIC A2498), <i>c.</i> 75 paratypes SIO-BIC A2499 – A2504).</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Sea of Japan, Peter the Great Bay, Vostok Bay, Vostok Marine Biological Station, 42°53.7′N, 132°44.0′E, 0.5–1 m, amongst lumps of <i>Modiolus modiolus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> Named for Vostok Bay, the type locality.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> Russia, Sea of Japan, Peter the Great Bay, Vostok Bay, Vostok Marine Biological Station. Holotype (SIO-BIC A2498, fixed in formaldehyde), 42°53.7′N, 132°44.0′E, 0.5–1 m, amongst lumps of <i>M. modiolus</i>, colls FP and Radashevsky 11.v.1994; 17 paratypes (SIO-BIC A2499, fixed in formaldehyde), same collecting data as holotype; eight spms (FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde; mounted on SEM stubs for SEM), same collecting data as holotype; <i>c.</i> 25 paratypes (SIO-BIC A2500, fixed in formaldehyde), 42°53′N, 132°44′E, 6–8 m, amongst lumps of <i>M. modiolus</i> and mud with H 2 S, SCUBA, coll. Belokonev 13.v.1994; nine paratypes (SIO-BIC A2501, fixed in formaldehyde), 42°53′N, 132°44′E, 3–5 m, amongst <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> (Thunberg, 1793), SCUBA, coll Belokonev 15.v.1994; ten paratypes (SIO-BIC A2502, fixed in formaldehyde), 42°53.7′N, 132°44.0′E, 0.5– 1 m, amongst <i>Mytilus</i> sp. growing on buoy, colls FP and Radashevsky 17.v.1994; three paratypes (SIO- BIC A2503, fixed in formaldehyde), 42°53.5′N, 132°44.1′E, 3 m, sand, SCUBA, coll. Radashevsky 19.v.1994; <i>c.</i> 25 paratypes (SIO-BIC A2504, fixed in formaldehyde), Point Pashennikov, 42°53.0′N, 132°43.9′E, 6–8 m, coarse gravel with some detritus, SCUBA, coll. Radashevsky 20.v.1994.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Length up to 4.5 mm for 27 segments. Live animals transparent yellowish white, eyes black; preserved yellowish white. Body outline in dorsal view of equal width with tapering posterior end (Fig. 13A). Prostomium rounded rectangular, slightly wider than long (Fig. 13B). Palpophores cylindrical, palpostyles cylindrical to elongated ovoid with rounded tips; palpophores and palpostyles of equal length. Paired antennae about as long as palps but slightly thinner, cylindrical with tapering, rounded tips. Median antenna much shorter than paired antennae, elliptical with rounded tip, inserted anterior to anterior pair of eyes. Eyes medium-sized, anterior pair twice as large and positioned slightly further apart. Nuchal organs ciliated bands along lateral sides of prostomium (Fig. 13B). Lip pads absent. Proboscis smooth, with terminal ring of ten small, elongated papillae. Segment 1 dorsally reduced, segment 2 fully developed. Dorsal cirri and cirrophores segment 1–5 much longer and stouter than following ones, with dorsal cirri segment 2 and 4 reaching about segment 10–11. Ventral cirri segment 1–4 with well-delineated cirrophores and longer and stouter cirri than on following segments (Fig. 13C). Segment 5 with neuropodial lobes, neurochaetae and ventral cirri similar to following segments, segment 6 with notopodial lobes and notochaetae. Elevated and slightly stouter dorsal cirri on segment 8, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23. Median segments with dorsal cirri reaching as far as chaetae (Fig. 13A). Weakly developed transverse dorsal ridges across median and posterior segments (Fig. 13A, D). Notopodial aciculary lobes small, conical. Notochaetae of two kinds, single dorsally bent aciculary chaeta inserted anterior to other chaetae, and <i>c.</i> 25 capillary chaetae, both with two alternating rows of teeth. Neuropodial lobes elongated triangular. Neurochaetae <i>c.</i> 25, all unidentate compounds with shafts with distinct internal chambers and longitudinal canals, dorsal and median blades up to seven times longer than ventral ones. Single or double noto- and neuroaciculae. Ventral cirri inserted distally near tip of neuropodium, with distinct, elongated tips (Fig. 13E; usually with more elongated tips than on picture). Pygidium with long pygidial cirri, similar in shape to dorsal cirri; pygidial papilla absent.</p> <p> <i>Habitat:</i> Sand and mud, amongst mussels and oysters, 0.5–8 m.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> Only known from Vostok Bay in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> Morphologically, <i>N. vostokensis</i> sp. nov. belongs to a group of small <i>Neogyptis</i> species that have brown-black eyes, and that also includes <i>N. fauchaldi</i> sp. nov., from Belize, and <i>N. hongkongensis</i> sp. nov. It can be separated from the latter by the absence of lip glands, from the former by the absence of notochaetae with the conical side subdistally serrated, and from both by the shape of the ventral cirri, which are stouter and lack welldemarcated tips. Unfortunately, no specimens were available for molecular study.</p>Published as part of <i>Pleijel, Fredrik, Rouse, Greg W., Sundkvist, Tobias & Nygren, Arne, 2012, A partial revision of Gyptis (Gyptini, Ophiodrominae, Hesionidae, Aciculata, Annelida), with descriptions of a new tribe, a new genus and five new species, pp. 471-494 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 165 (3)</i> on pages 491-493, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00819.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5407918">http://zenodo.org/record/5407918</a>
Schools and student achievement: more evidence from the Milwaukee parental choice program
No full textUsing math and reading test score gains, the author compares the achievement of students in the nonsectarian private schools participating in Milwaukee's Parental Choice Program with the achievement of students in a wide range of Milwaukee's public schools. Her results point to the need for a better understanding of what makes a school successful.Education
Anselm of Canterbury and the Development of Theological Thought, c. 1070-1141
No full textThis thesis explores the role of Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) in the development of theological thought in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. It aims to demonstrate that Anselm’s thought had a greater impact on the early development of scholastic theology than is often recognized, particularly in the areas of the doctrine of the incarnation and redemption, but also in his discussion of freedom and sin. Through his explanation of the economy of salvation in terms of making satisfaction for sin, and his rejection of modes of discussion that focussed on the rights and role of the devil, Anselm’s writing on the theology of the redemption provided a framework for the discussion of later authors such as Hugh of St Victor, Peter Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux and authors associated with the School of Laon, among others. Such discussion often utilized Anselm as an explicator of difficult passages in patristic theology, notably Augustine, and his work was most controversial when he was thought to have contradicted earlier authority. Anselm was involved in contemporary polemics with both Jews and Christian theologians, as well as producing works that explored profound theological and metaphysical ideas. In his emphasis on the place and role of reason in divine questions, he crossed the boundaries between ‘monastic’ and ‘scholastic’ thought. Through an exploration of Anselmian elements in the thought of a variety of authors from the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries, this thesis aims to contribute to a broadening understanding of the legacy of this great thinker
Bone-Eating Worms Spread: Insights into Shallow-Water Osedax (Annelida, Siboglinidae) from Antarctic, Subantarctic, and Mediterranean Waters
No full text0000-0002-7993-1523© 2015 Taboada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License [4.0], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
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