147 research outputs found
Socioeconomic position, maternal IQ, home environment, and cognitive development
No full textCopyright © 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.Objective To assess whether socioeconomic position, maternal intelligence (IQ), and the home environment are inter-related to cognitive development in childhood. Study design Prospective cohort study (n = 723) with cognitive tests at ages 2, 4, 7, and 11 to 13 years. Results There were statistically significant positive associations of father’s occupational prestige, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) score, and maternal IQ with cognitive performance in childhood. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was an increase in cognitive development by 0.8 to 2.0, 2.9 to 4.8, and 4.2 to 9.0 points for a 10-unit increment in father’s occupational prestige, maternal IQ, and HOME score, respectively. Conclusions These results demonstrate that socioeconomic position, maternal IQ, and the home environment are independently and positively predictive of children’s cognitive development. These findings provide additional rationale for implementing social policies that reduce socioeconomic inequalities.Shilu Tong, Peter Baghurst, Graham Vimpani and Anthony McMichaelhttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/623311/description#descriptio
Visual evoked potential latencies of three-year-old children prenatally exposed to buprenorphine or methadone compared with non-opioid exposed children: the results of a longitudinal study
No full textAbstract not availableJustine N. Whitham, Nicola J. Spurrier, Peter A. Baghurst, Paul Weston, Michael G. Sawye
Childhood lead exposure, childhood trauma, substance use and subclinical psychotic experiences - a longitudinal cohort study
No full textAvailable online 2 March 2016Abstract not availableCherrie Galletly, Levina Clark, Alexander McFarlane, Amelia Searle, Michael Sawyer, Malcolm Sim, Peter Baghurst, Miranda van Hoof
Tracing the long-term legacy of childhood lead exposure: a review of three decades of the Port Pirie Cohort study
No full textAbstract not availableAmelia K. Searle, Peter A. Baghurst, Miranda van Hooff, Michael G. Sawyer, Malcolm R. Sim, Cherrie Galletly, Levina S. Clark, Alexander C. McFarlan
Environmental determinants of islet autoimmunity (ENDIA): a pregnancy to early life cohort study in children at-risk of type 1 diabetes
No full textMembers of ENDIA Study Group: Peter Baghurst, Simon Barry, Jodie Dodd, Maria Makrides for the University of Adelaide.BACKGROUND The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased worldwide, particularly in younger children and those with lower genetic susceptibility. These observations suggest factors in the modern environment promote pancreatic islet autoimmunity and destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is investigating candidate environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions that may contribute to the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. METHODS/DESIGN ENDIA is the only prospective pregnancy/birth cohort study in the Southern Hemisphere investigating the determinants of type 1 diabetes in at-risk children. The study will recruit 1,400 unborn infants or infants less than six months of age with a first-degree relative (i.e. mother, father or sibling) with type 1 diabetes, across five Australian states. Pregnant mothers/infants will be followed prospectively from early pregnancy through childhood to investigate relationships between genotype, the development of islet autoimmunity (and subsequently type 1 diabetes), and prenatal and postnatal environmental factors. ENDIA will evaluate the microbiome, nutrition, bodyweight/composition, metabolome-lipidome, insulin resistance, innate and adaptive immune function and viral infections. A systems biology approach will be used to integrate these data. Investigation will be by 3-monthly assessments of the mother during pregnancy, then 3-monthly assessments of the child until 24 months of age and 6-monthly thereafter. The primary outcome measure is persistent islet autoimmunity, defined as the presence of autoantibodies to one or more islet autoantigens on consecutive tests. DISCUSSION Defining gene-environment interactions that initiate and/or promote destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in early life will inform approaches to primary prevention of type 1 diabetes. The strength of ENDIA is the prospective, comprehensive and frequent systems-wide profiling from early pregnancy through to early childhood, to capture dynamic environmental exposures that may shape the development of islet autoimmunity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000794707.Megan AS Penno, Jennifer J Couper, Maria E Craig, Peter G Colman, William D Rawlinson, Andrew M Cotterill, Timothy W Jones, Leonard C Harrison and ENDIA Study Grou
Past medical history and pancreatic cancer risk: Results from a multicenter case-control study
No full textPurposeTo investigate risk factors that may be linked to pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe designed a multicenter population-based case-control (823 cases, 1679 control patients) study with data collection by using a common protocol and questionnaire. Participating centers were located in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and Poland.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, a positive history of pancreatitis was associated with pancreatic cancer (odds ratio [OR], 4.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.23-9.84). The risk was especially high in heavy smokers (OR, 15.4; 95% CI, 3.18-74.9). Patients with diabetes had an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.60-2.91). The risk was highest in the first year after the development of diabetes (OR, 6.68; 95% CI, 3.56-12.6) and decreased over time. A history of allergy was associated with a reduced risk of pancreas cancer (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.82).ConclusionsPatients with newly diagnosed diabetes and patients with pancreatitis, particularly in heavy smokers, have an increased risk for developing pancreatic cancer. In addition to being risk factors, these conditions could be early manifestations of underlying pancreatic cancer. A history of allergy decreases the risk of pancreatic cancer.Patrick Maisonneuve, Albert B. Lowenfels, H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita, Parviz Ghadirian, Peter A. Baghurst, Witold A. Zatonski, Anthony B. Miller, Eric J. Duell, Paolo Boffetta, and Peter Boylehttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505746/description#descriptio
Birthweight and cognitive development during childhood
No full textObjectivesLow birthweight has been reported to be associated with lower IQ at school age. Further, some evidence suggests that the association extends across the range of normal birthweights. This study assessed the relationship of birthweight to cognitive development in the Port Pirie birth cohort.MethodsOf 723 singleton live births recruited into a prospective birth cohort study, 601, 548, 494 and 375 children were followed at ages 2, 4, 7 and 11-13 years, respectively. The children's developmental status was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at age 2 years, the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at age 4 years, and the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children at ages 7 and 11-13 years. The association between birthweight and cognitive function was assessed with multiple linear regression, adjusting for a wide range of possible confounders.ResultsThe mean birthweight was 3386 g (SD: 517). There was a statistically significant association between birthweight and cognitive performance at age 2 years (adjusted deficit: 0.97 points per 100 g lighter; 95% CI: 0.4-1.5), but the magnitude of this association gradually decreased and became statistically non-significant at later childhood.ConclusionsThe relationship between birthweight and cognitive development becomes progressively attenuated at increasing age. At older ages, socioenvironmental factors appear to play an increasingly important part in children's cognitive development
The difference between hazard and risk in the relation between bone density and fracture
No full textThe original publication can be found at www.springerlink.comThe relation between fracture risk and bone density is frequently defined in terms of a relative hazard derived from the Cox proportional hazards model. The relative hazard is a multiplicative factor representing the rise in hazard for each standard deviation fall in bone mineral density, which has a typical value of about 1.5. It is not generally appreciated that this hazard may only be equated with absolute risk when risk is very low; at higher risk and over long periods, it is inappropriate to apply a multiplicative factor to absolute risk because risk has a range of 0-1 and cannot exceed unity. Here, we show how “hazard” can be converted to risk and how misleading the current practice of equating relative hazards with relative risks can be.B. E. Christopher Nordin, Peter A. Baghurst and Andrew Metcalf
Emotional and behavioural problems among refugee children and adolescents living in South Australia
No full textWhile there is a growing body of literature on the mental health status of adult refugees, children have been relatively neglected in research, particularly in Australia. This study investigated the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems and patterns of service utilisation among 530 refugee children and adolescents aged 4–17 years living in South Australia. Parents and teachers of children aged 4–17 years and adolescents aged 13–17 years completed the appropriate versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Of the 11.0% of children and adolescents found to have borderline or abnormal emotional and behavioural problems, only 13.0% accessed professional help. The study has practical implications for policy and practice.Tahereh Ziaian, Helena de Anstiss, Georgia Antoniou, Peter Baghurst, and Michael Sawye
The reliability and validity of the Parenting Scale for Australian mothers of preschool-aged children
No full textThe aims of this paper were to examine the psychometric properties of the Parenting Scale in an Australian sample and to provide normative data on this scale for Australian mothers of preschool-aged children. The total sample included 1,656 mothers of children attending randomly selected preschools and mothers attending parenting groups. Principal components analysis of the Parenting Scale items supported the original three-factor structure described by the scale's authors. Consistent with previous research, the Laxness and Overreactivity subscales demonstrated high levels of reliability and validity, whereas the Verbosity subscale did not. Specifically, the Overreactivity and Laxness subscales demonstrated high internal consistency, criterion validity and correlated significantly with measures of child behaviour. Whereas, scores on the Verbosity subscale demonstrated low internal consistency, did not differentiate between the two samples in the study, and had small, nonsignificant correlations with child behaviour scores.Fiona Arney, Helen Rogers, Peter Baghurst, Michael Sawyer, Margot Prio
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