1,720,985 research outputs found
Caratteristiche microbiologiche, reologiche e fisico-chimiche di carne bovina sottoposta a prolungato periodo di frollatura.
No full textProvolone del Monaco PDO cheese: Lactic microflora, biogenic amines and volatilome characterization
No full textRemote post-mortem veterinary meat inspections in bovine and analysis of post-mortem inspection outcomes: preliminary results
Full text linkThe work aimed to collect and analyse data obtained from the routine post-mortem veterinary inspection of bovine viscera and to
evaluate the reliability of remote veterinary meat inspections. A comparative study was conducted on viscera belonging to 30 bovines.
For each bovine, findings were recorded simultaneously by two veterinarians, one conducting an on-site post-mortem inspection and
another performing the remote inspection through a tablet. A total of 10 (33.33 %) bovines were healthy. In a total of 18 (60.00 %) and
11 animals (33.00 %) pulmonary and hepatic lesions were respectively, observed. The most reported finding was pleuritis recorded in
17 animals (56.67 %), followed by pneumonia (16.67 %). The agreement between the two methods used for the post-mortem inspection
of bovines was generally high. In an overall 73.33 % of bovines the findings recorded by the veterinarian who conducted the on-site
post-mortem inspection and those recorded by the veterinarian performing the remote inspection were overlapping. In conclusion, a
move to a remote post-mortem inspection has a negligible negative impact on public health since the most frequently detected lesions
recorded were of scarce significance and in most cases, they were effectively detected by the veterinarian through the table
Physicochemical and microbiological characterisation of a typical Italian raw ewe's milk cheese: Pecorino bagnolese
Full text linkPecorino Bagnolese is a typical Italian cheese made from raw ewe's milk in province of Avellino (southern Italy). The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological parameters during cheese-making and ripening (30, 90 and 180 d). Results showed that the cheese-making and ripening influenced the pH, water activity, moisture, fat content and levels of Enterobacteriaceae. Changes in the fatty acids profile of ripened cheeses compared to milk were observed, suggesting the influence of ripening on the fatty acids profile. Nutritional indices demonstrated positive health attributes. The concentration of malondialdehyde remained consistently low, while free fatty acids showed an increasing trend during ripening. Coagulase-positive staphylococci complied with the legislative threshold value, but colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were found. Pathogens were not detected. In conclusion, the data collected provided a better characterisation of this traditional cheese and can be used for broadening knowledge of raw ewe's milk cheeses. © 2024 The Author(s
Microbial Toxins in Dairy Products , chapter 9: Approaches to Assess the Risks/Modellingof Microbial Growth and Toxin Production
No full textChapter 9: Food-borne diseases, including those via dairy products, have been recognised as major threats to human health. The causes associated with dairy food-borne disease are the use of raw milk in the manufacture of dairy products, faulty processing conditions during the heat treatment of milk, post-processing contamination, failure in due diligence and an unhygienic water supply. Dairy food-borne diseases affecting human health are associated with certain strains of bacteria belonging to the genera of Clostridium, Bacillus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus and Listeria, which are capable of producing toxins, plus moulds that can produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, sterigmatocytin and ochratoxin.
Microbial Toxins in Dairy Products reviews the latest scientific knowledge and developments for detecting and studying the presence of these toxins in dairy products, updating the analytical techniques required to examine bacterial and mould toxins and the potential for contamination of milk as it passes along the food chain, i.e. from 'farm-to-fork'. This comprehensive and accessible collection of techniques will help dairy processors, food scientists, technologists, researchers and students to further minimise the incidences of dairy food-borne illnesses in humans.
The EU (2002) laid down the general principles and requirements of food law where it had changed the approach to food safety through the integrated control of the food chain, that is, the concept ‘from farm to table’, the precautionary principle, the responsibilities of food business operators, the traceability at all stage of food chain, and the introduction of ‘risk analysis’ (Codex Alimentarius Commission-FAO, 1999). The scope of a risk assessment is dependent on the risk management question and the reason for doing the assessment.
The microbiological risk assessment would reveal, for example, either the sources of exposure to the pathogen or determine which pathogen(s) may be present in a specific and/or group of cheeses. This approach is largely a qualitative evaluation of the risk issue. in the process. If a hazard identification is orientated towards the food, then the focus will be on the use of available epidemiological and microbiological data to determine which pathogens could be associated with the products.
In the dairy chain, contesting the hazard identification is linked to the microbiological quality of raw milk, the cheesemaking process including raw and/or pasteurization of the milk, maturation of the pressed curd, cross‐contamination, packaging, and handling at home
Antimicrobial resistance in wild game mammals : a glimpse into the contamination of wild habitats in a systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkBackgroundWild game meat has over the years gained popularity across the globe as it is considered a food source with high protein content, low fat content, and a balanced composition of fatty acids and minerals, which are requirements for a healthy diet. Despite this popularity, there is a concern over its safety as many species of wildlife are reservoirs of zoonotic diseases including those of bacterial origin, more so antibiotic-resistant bacteria.MethodsThis study aimed to describe the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mammalian wild game, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsThe overall pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance was established at 59.8% while the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 17.2%. Resistance was reported in 32 wild game species and the meta-analysis revealed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Yersinia spp. (95.5%; CI: 76.8 - 100%) followed by Enterococcus spp. (71%; CI: 44.1 - 92%), Salmonella spp. (69.9%; CI: 44.3 - 90.0%), Staphylococcus spp. (69.3%; CI: 40.3 - 92.3%), and Escherichia coli (39.5%; CI: 23.9 - 56.4%). Most notably, resistance to highest priority, critically important antimicrobials, was recorded in all genera of bacteria studied. Additionally, a significantly higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance was observed in studies conducted in remote settings than those in the vicinity of anthropogenic activities, pointing to extensive contamination of wild habitats.ConclusionThis review shows the presence of antibiotic resistance and the carriage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes by bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game species. This is a cause for concern if critical steps to prevent transmission to humans from meat and meat products are not applied in the wild game meat production chain. The extensive occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the wild calls for expansion and adaptation of future AMR surveillance plans to include areas with various anthropogenic pressures including in sylvatic habitats
Evaluation of virulence genes in Yersinia enterocolitica strains using SYBR Green real-time PCR
No full textYersinia enterocolitica comprises six biotypes 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The virulence of the strains belonging
to biotypes 1B and 2e5 depends on the presence of both chromosomal and plasmid-borne genes. Strains
belonging to biotype 1A do not carry the virulence plasmid pYV. However, they carry other virulence
genes, such as ystB and hreP. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of yadA, virF, inv,
ystA, ystB, myfA, hreP and ymoA virulence genes in Y. enterocolitica strains in order to select the target
genes that could be used for the development of a probe-specific real-time PCR to determine the
presence of Y. enterocolitica in food samples. A total of 161 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated in eight
countries and grouped into biotypes 1A, 2 (serotypes O3, O5 and O9), 3 (serotypes O3 and O9) and 4
(serotype O3) were examined for virulence genes. The most common virulence-associated gene in
pathogenic Y. enterocolitica proved to be ystA, which can therefore be considered the best target gene to
be amplified in order to evaluate the presence of pathogenic biotypes. By contrast, to identify
Y. enterocolitica 1A strains, ystB, which codes for the enterotoxin YstB, can be proposed. This has been
found in all non-pathogenic biotypes studied, but never in pathogenic biotype
Evaluating remote post-mortem inspection in bovines: Challenges, limitations, and future potential in assessing post-mortem outcomes in cattle offal
Full text linkIn the European Union, effective meat inspection is crucial for safeguarding public health and animal welfare, particularly through post-mortem inspections, which act as the final barrier against zoonotic and animal diseases. This study explores the feasibility of using remote video transmission as a modern solution to enhance oversight in meat inspections. Furthermore, it aims to collect and analyze data from routine post-mortem veterinary inspections of bovine viscera, as there is still limited knowledge in this area. A comparative study involving the routine post-mortem inspection of bovine viscera from 2983 animals was conducted, with simultaneous evaluations performed by two veterinarians: one on-site and the other remotely via tablet. The findings of the present study revealed that 14.08 % of bovine viscera were free from lesions. The most common observations were lung-related issues, including pleurisy in the 79.89 % of animals, followed by pulmonary interstitial emphysema (16.26 %), and pneumonia (16.19 %). Cysts of Echinococcus and tuberculosis lesions were identified in 2.18 % and 0.10 % of the inspected animals, respectively. The on-site veterinarian recorded a total of 4479 findings, surpassing the number documented remotely; however, both veterinarians reported similar prevalences for most findings. These results can offer valuable insights for farmers and veterinarians, highlighting aspects that current surveillance systems may overlook. Ultimately, this study suggests that remote inspection holds promise as a supplementary approach to traditional methods, provided that standardized protocols and adequate inspection time are established
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