18 research outputs found
DNA Damage, Repair, and Cancer Metabolism
No full textAlthough there has been a renewed interest in the field of cancer metabolism in the last decade, the link between metabolism and DNA damage/DNA repair in cancer has yet to be appreciably explored. In this review, we examine the evidence connecting DNA damage and repair mechanisms with cell metabolism through three principal links. (1) Regulation of methyl- and acetyl-group donors through different metabolic pathways can impact DNA folding and remodeling, an essential part of accurate double strand break repair. (2) Glutamine, aspartate, and other nutrients are essential for de novo nucleotide synthesis, which dictates the availability of the nucleotide pool, and thereby influences DNA repair and replication. (3) Reactive oxygen species, which can increase oxidative DNA damage and hence the load of the DNA-repair machinery, are regulated through different metabolic pathways. Interestingly, while metabolism affects DNA repair, DNA damage can also induce metabolic rewiring. Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers an increase in nucleotide synthesis and anabolic glucose metabolism, while also reducing glutamine anaplerosis. Furthermore, mutations in genes involved in the DDR and DNA repair also lead to metabolic rewiring. Links between cancer metabolism and DNA damage/DNA repair are increasingly apparent, yielding opportunities to investigate the mechanistic basis behind potential metabolic vulnerabilities of a substantial fraction of tumors
From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur
Get PDFJune 25, 2009 — The Darfur crisis is nearing its end. One way or another, peace will be reached within the near future. However, sustainable peace requires arduous reconciliation that is indivisible from punishment of those responsible for atrocities committed in the conflict. This calls for the investigation and trial of tens of thousands, if not more, individuals implicated in the atrocities. While the ICC and Sudan’s National Justice System (NJS) can deal with the higher level crimes, the lower level crimes which are more numerous can only be dealt with within the traditional legal system (the Judia). In comparison to both the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the NJS the Judia is more efficient, but above all conducive for future co-existence and reconciliation. Drawing on the use of the traditional Gacaca system of justice, the author concludes by making suggestions that may improve delivery of the Judia in Darfur post-war trials
Modelling Public Regulations - A Theoretical Approach
Get PDFIn this article the author explores the concepts of public regulations in regard to real property ownership and land use. The results are used to develop a theoretical, conceptual model for public regulations influencing the landowners’ use of the real property. The proposed classification aim at being independent of the legal systems they are created in and intended to be used for classification of public regulations internationally. The purpose is to establish a terminological framework for international exchange of public regulation information. The development of the public regulation model is in this article exemplified and tested with Swedish public regulations influencing the owner’s right to use his/her real property
Key Issues of Mass Valuation for Compensation within the Land Restitution Process in Albania
Get PDFAbstract. The aim of current research was to analyze the key issues of mass valuation for compensation within the land restitution process in Albania. The analysis was grounded on the case study of mass valuation system which was prepared to carry out mass valuation for compensation of illegally expropriated land. The “fi eld study ” was made by the author during 2005–2006 within the frames of consultancy projects sponsored by World Bank and OSCE. The aim of those projects was to examine and improve the existing mass valuation methodology for compensation (Decision on the Approval of the Methodology on the Valuation of Immovable Property that Will Be Compensated and of the One to be Used for Compensation 2005). The author of the current research hopes that in co-operation with local specialists some progress was made. Unfortunately at the time of fi nalizing the current article (December 2007- March 2008) the existing mass valuation methodology for compensation without any principal changes was still in force. The research covered the majority of key issues of mas
Surgically Treated Symptomatic Prolapsed Lumbar and Sacral Intervertebral Discs in Females: A Comparative Study of Incidence and Causative Factors and Treatment
Get PDFBackground and Objective: There are various postulated possible causes of surgically symptomatic prolapsed intervertebral discs in the lumbar and sacral regions. They may be acting singularly or collectively. Yet, these factors, which could vary in different environments, have not beensatisfactorily confirmed. The intention of this study is to share the experience of the author in the occurrence, possible causative factors, and treatment of surgically symptomatic prolapsed lumbar and sacral intervertebral discs in females, and to compare this experience in Switzerland, Nigeria, and Jamaica using surgery records for a period of over 39 years.Materials and Methods: Records of these cases were examined and analyzed with the intent of comparing the frequency of occurrence and possible causative factors of this lesion in some countries. Results: There were 60 locations in 51 patients in Basel (Caucasian population only), 4 locations in 1 patient in Imo and Ebonyi States (African population only), and none in Jamaica (mixed population). The patients’ ages ranged from 19 to 71 years in Switzerland, and the only patient in Nigeria was 49 years old.Conclusion: The study revealed that surgically treated symptomatic prolapsed lumbar and sacral intervertebral discs in females occurred more in Basel, Switzerland, than in Imo and Ebonyi States of Nigeria and none occurred in Jamaica, West Indies. Racial differences, certain sporting/recreational activities, smoking, and type of profession could have contributed to the development of this disease.Keywords: Females, possible causes, prolapsed disc
Correction to: Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1α pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination
No full textCorrection to: British Journal of Cancer https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.426, published online 29 July 2014
In this article, Figure 2 – specifically the immunoblotting band for α-Tubulin in Figure 2D – appeared incorrectly. For completeness and transparency, the old incorrect version is displayed below
Modular forms of small weight and their applications
No full textIn number theory, as well as many areas in mathematics, modular
forms (or in general, automorphic forms) are powerful tools which have
many applications. In this thesis, the author focuses on modular forms
of small weight and their applications. The author is particularly inter-
ested in weight 3=2 and 2. In fact, cusp forms of weight 3=2 and cusp
forms of weight 2 are closely linked together by the well-known Shimura
correspondences. In general, many properties of half-integral weight cusp
forms were exploited from the properties of integral weight cusp forms
through the Shimura correspondence. Chapter 1 is an introduction where
denitions and preliminaries are provided. Chapter 2 deals with dierent
altered weight 2 Eisenstein series for the full modular group. Chapter 3
deals with a weight 3=2 cusp forms which has an application of proving
the halting of an algorithm which computes a supersingular elliptic curve
with a given endormorphism ring.
In Chapter 2, the author reviews a technique of Hecke and give an
analytic continuation of an altered Eisenstein series
G(z; s) :=
X
m;n
0 1
(mz + n)2jmz + njs
on the complex s-plane with 1. Then, the author considers a
holomorphic series
G(z; s) :=
X
m;n
0 1
(mz + n)2+s
and let s approach 0 along the real line. The author is interested in
whether the holomorphic property for z or the modularity of it is lost.
After that, a multiplier system introduced by Petersson is briey in-
troduced. The author reviews that the modularity of G(z; s) attached
with Petersson's MS is obtained and it is expected to have 0 when s ap-
proaches 0. A comparison of the modularity and holomorphicity of the
three altered series when s = 0 is made at the end of Chapter 2.
In Chapter 3, the author rst gives a background of problems concern-
ing the endomorphism ring of an elliptic curve and describe the algorithm
by Chevyrev and Galbraith which provides applications in algorithmic
theory of elliptic curves over nite elds. Then, the author gives a precise
statement of a conjecture by Chevyrev and Galbraith which ensures the
halting of their algorithm. After that, a detailed proof of the conjecture is
given. An equivalence among isomorphicity of a pair of maximal orders,
agreement of a pair of theta series associated with the pair of maximal
orders, and the global equivalency of their associated quadratic forms
are given. At the end, the author describes the second conjecture of
Chevyrev and Galbraith which are used to nd the running time of their
algorithm and give some suggestions on further research in this topic.published_or_final_versionMathematicsMasterMaster of Philosoph
Migratory surgical Gossypiboma-Cause of iatrogenic perforation: Case report with review of literature
Get PDFForgotten foreign bodies, such as cotton sponges, gauze, or instruments, after any surgical procedure is considered a misadventure but avoidable complication. "Gossypiboma" denotes a mass of cotton that is accidentally retained in the body postoperatively. This study′s goal was to systematically review the literature on retained sponges to identify incidence, site of occurrence, time of discovery, methods for detection, pathogenesis for intraluminal migration and risk factors. Author is reporting this case in which a 45-year old woman presented with features of chronic pain abdomen following abdominal hysterectomy (first surgery) which lead to open cholecystectomy (second surgery) after two and half year of first surgery. As patients continued to have persistent abdominal pain in spite of second surgery patient went to medical gastroenterologist who advised her series of tests including colonoscopy examination. The whole colon was normal on examination but on examination of terminal portion of small bowel some intraluminal mass was visualized. Attempt to retrieve this mass lead to iatrogenic ileal perforation
Case series of ruptured Jamaican berry aneurysms four decades ago
Get PDFObjective
From our personal experiences, it is our wish to examine the incidence of ruptured intracranial aneurysms about four decades ago in Jamaica, the West Indies, with regards to postoperative deterioration of neurological/psychological functions.
Materials and Method
The author, while working in Jamaica, the West Indies, from 1975 to 1977 (3 years), operated on 6 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms of 5 females and 1 male. The source of these data is from the author′s surgery records.
Result
There were 4 aneurysms from the posterior communicating artery, and 1 each from the anterior communicating artery, and the middle cerebral artery. Their ages ranged from 31 to 64 years. They presented with diverse neurological disturbances. Their aneurysms, which were diagnosed through contrast carotid angiography, were all clipped through fronto-lateral craniotomy under general anaesthesia. The procedures were well tolerated by the patients. There were no complications and no gross additional neurological deficits postoperatively. The wounds had healed by primary intention. The patients were discharged home 12 days postoperatively, the stitches having been removed 2 days earlier. Follow-up checks started about 7 days after discharge. The neurological deficits had cleared about 3 months later.
Conclusion
Having bled, the aneurysms exposed themselves by causing sudden severe headaches, and various neurological problems, depending on their locations. We found more females than males. The posterior communicating artery aneurysm was predominant. There were no cerebro-vascular spasms postoperatively.
Greek ANEURYSMA (Ana= up or across, eurys - wide or broad
Imaging the human placental microcirculation with micro-focus computed tomography: Optimisation of tissue preparation and image acquisition
No full textMicro-CT provides 3D volume imaging with spatial resolution at the micrometre scale. We investigated the optimal human placenta tissue preparation (contrast agent, perfusion pressure, perfusion location and perfusion vessel) and imaging (energy, target material, exposure time and frames) parameters. Microfil (Flow Tech, Carver, MA) produced better fill than Barium sulphate (84.1%(±11.5%)vs70.4%(±18.02%) p = 0.01). Perfusion via umbilical artery produced better fill than via chorionic vessels (83.8%(±17.7%)vs78.0%(±21.9%), p < 0.05), or via umbilical vein (83.8%(±16.4%)vs69.8%(±20.3%), p < 0.01). Imaging at 50 keV with a molybdenum target produced the best contrast to noise ratio. We propose this method to enable quantification and comparison of the human fetoplacental vascular tree.sponsorship: [
"ALD and SO are supported at UCLH/UCL by funding from the Department of Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre's funding scheme. OJA is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist Fellowship (NIHR-CS-012-002), NJS is funded by an NIHR Senior Investigator award, Great Ormond Street Children's Charity and the Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [ORMBRC-2012-1].",
"This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health."
] (Department of Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre's funding scheme, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist Fellowship|NIHR-CS-012-002, NIHR Senior Investigator award, Great Ormond Street Children's Charity, Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre|ORMBRC-2012-1, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Great Ormond Street Hospital Childrens Charity|V0117, National Institute for Health Research|NIHR-CS-012-002, National Institute for Health Research|NF-SI-0513-10046, National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR)|ormbrc-2012-1)status: Publishe
