5,203 research outputs found
Systemic infection and inflammation in acute CNS injury and chronic neurodegeneration: underlying mechanisms
No full textWe have all at some time experienced the non-specific symptoms that arise from being ill following a systemic infection. These symptoms, such as fever, malaise, lethargy and loss of appetite are often referred to as “sickness behavior” and are a consequence of systemically produced pro-inflammatory mediators. These inflammatory mediators signal to the brain, leading to activation of microglial cells, which in turn, signal to neurons to induce adaptive metabolic and behavioral changes. In normal healthy persons this response is a normal part of our defense, to protect us from infection, to maintain homeostasis and causes no damage to neurons. However, in animals and patients with chronic neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and even during normal aging, systemic inflammation leads to inflammatory responses in the brain, an exaggeration of clinical symptoms and increased neuronal death. These observations imply that, as the population ages and the number of individuals with CNS disorders increases, relatively common systemic infections and inflammation will become significant risk factors for disease onset or progression. In this review we discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for sickness behavior induced by systemic inflammation in the healthy brain and how they might be different in individuals with CNS pathology
Accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein in axons correlates with CNS expression of SIV gp41
No full textAxonal damage represented by accumulation of [beta]-amyloid precursor protein ([beta]-APP) develops in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To study the underlying mechanisms of axonal damage associated with HIV CNS infection, the amount of axonal [beta]-APP immunostaining in the corpus callosum of 24 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques and 3 control macaques was measured by computerized image analysis. The amounts of [beta]-APP accumulation were then compared with time post-inoculation, extent and character of CNS inflammation, and viral load in the CNS measured by the amount of immunohistochemical staining for the viral transmembrane protein gp41. Significant increases over control values were present in 10 of 24 SIV-infected animals. SIV encephalitis was present in 9 of the 10 animals with elevated [beta]-APP. Increases in [beta]-APP correlated most strongly with levels of SIV gp41 in the brain (p = 0.005), but significant associations with macrophage infiltration and microglial activation (p = 0.04) and infiltration by cytotoxic lymphocytes (p = 0.05) also were identified. These data demonstrate that [beta]-APP accumulation in the white matter of SIV-infected macaques develops during SIV infection in close correlation with levels of viral replication and may serve as a sensitive marker of neuronal/axonal damage mediated by viral proteins
Biological consequences of immune complexes formation in the brain; implications for immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's disease
No full textInter-reciprocity applied to electrical networks
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
'Twas on the beach at Brighton one fine Summer day, I met this handsome man who stole my heart away [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceTo Wm. Lingard, Author & Singerads on inside back cover for J.L. Peters stock353-3Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
053, Item 027W.D. Raphaelson.Sung by LingardPaleri[?
Waiting, Waiting, till the day's last beam is flown [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceads on inside front and on back covers for White, Smith & Perry stock1237-3Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
133, Item 054By J.L. White.J.H. Bufford's Lith. 490 Washn. St. Bosto
Waiting, Waiting, till the day's last beam is flown [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceads on inside front and on back covers for White, Smith & Perry stock1237-3Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
133, Item 054By J.L. White.J.H. Bufford's Lith. 490 Washn. St. Bosto
'Twas on the beach at Brighton one fine Summer day, I met this handsome man who stole my heart away [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceTo Wm. Lingard, Author & Singerads on inside back cover for J.L. Peters stock353-3Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
053, Item 027W.D. Raphaelson.Sung by LingardPaleri[?
Feasibility Study of a Balanced Upper Arm Orthosis based on Bending Beams
No full textPeople with neuromuscular diseases request an orthosis close to the body for assistance with their arm movements. This paper proposes a concept for a passive arm support that is close to the body and is based on bending beams. Simulations resulted in the final configuration and dimensions of the beams, optimised to balance an arm. One Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer beam with dimensions 0.22x0.0041x0.0027m at the medial side and one at the lateral side of the upper arm delivers the required energy for balancing the arm. Experimental evaluation of a prototype demonstrated the technical principle; more than 87% of the moment around the shoulder was balanced between 0 and 1.1rad. A second prototype was built for preliminary evaluation of the concept in relation to the body. The width of the elastic and structural elements was more than four times smaller than in present arm supports. From this it was concluded that bending beams have the potential to make an orthosis that is closer to the upper arm than current orthoses.BMEBioMechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land. by J.L. Stephens, author of Incidents of travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland.Edinburgh published by William and Robert Chambers. and sold by all booksellers 1839.
No full textPreface: as Prefatory noticeDedication:Content description: Detailed contentsPagination: PP4+119PVolumes: 1Edition:6thText Genre:Journa
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