103 research outputs found
The Death of the Author through False Translation in Mario Bellatin's Orientalised Japan
No full textThis article argues that Mario Bellatin's exploration of the potential relationship between writing, translation and physical deformity leads, perhaps unconsciously, to the continuation of exoticising stereotypes about 'Oriental' cultures. In El jardín de la señora Murakami, Shiki Nagaoka: una nariz de ficción, and Biografía ilustrada de Mishima, Bellatin resorts to Japanese characters to distance himself from his own writings, as if it were the culture that is the most alien to his own. His lucubrations about reading and writing are sometimes accompanied of exocitising and orientalist overtones, which he mocks at times. © 2013 The Author. Bulletin of Latin American Research © 2013 Society for Latin American Studies
Education and earnings inequality in Mexico
No full textEducation attainment levels increased dramatically for Mexico's labor force in the 1980s and early 1990s. In parallel, the country experienced a pronounced increase in earnings inequality from 1984-94, reflected in a higher dispersion of wages and an absolute decline in the real incomes of less educated, poorer Mexicans. This increased wage dispersion presents policymakers with a tradeoff between efficiency considerations (favoring increased spending on higher education) and equity considerations (favoring a more equal distribution of per student spending) in the allocation of fiscal resources to education. The author concludes that the best way to deal with this equity-efficiency tradeoff is to encourage greater private participation in higher education. His main findings are that: a) The accumulation of human capital during 1984-94, as proxied by education attainment, was accompanied by a more equal distribution of education attainment levels over that period and, thus, exerted an equalizing effect on the distribution of incomes. The increased income inequalityobserved over that period appears to be caused by an increased rate of skill-based technological change, whose transmission to Mexico and other developing countries may have been facilitated by the increased openness of their economies. b) The greater dispersion of wager observed in Mexico during the past decade raised the rates of return on investing in higher education, reversing the traditional pattern where primary education exhibits the highest rates of return. c) The social rates of return across levels of schooling were more uniform in 1994 than in 1984, suggesting a more efficient assignment of education spending. At the same time, the distribution of spending on education became more egalitarian, as per student spending in higher education declined markedly compared with per student spending at the primary level. This surprising coincidence in the pattern of spending on education was only possible because Mexico started out with a very distorted resource allocation in education that was both highly inequitable and inefficient. As Mexico's policymakers are on the way to correcting these distortions, the opportunities for avoiding the equity-efficiency tradeoff within Mexico's centralized education framework will become progressively exhausted. d) There is little reason to expect the pace of technological change, which appears mainly responsible for raising wage dispersion and the relative returns on higher education, to abate. Efficiency considerations dictate that Mexico should respond by devoting more resources to higher education. However, the federal budget, which traditionally has financed the lion's share of higher education costs in Mexico, is unable to accommodate additional spending on higher education, while spending cuts elsewhere in the education sector are bound to raise serious equity questions. Thus, to avoid falling behind in terms of human capital accumulation, greater private sector participation is necessary, at least, in terms of cost recovery from the main beneficiaries of higher education.Decentralization,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Curriculum&Instruction
Hospital malnutrition in Latin America: A systematic review
No full textSummaryBackgroundDisease-related malnutrition is a major public health issue in both industrialised and emerging countries. The reported prevalence in hospitalised adults ranges from 20% to 50%. Initial reports from emerging countries suggested a higher prevalence compared with other regions, with limited data on outcomes and costs.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search for articles on disease-related malnutrition in Latin American countries published between January 1995 and September 2014. Studies reporting data on the prevalence, clinical outcomes, or economic costs of malnutrition in an adult (≥18 years) inpatient population with a sample size of ≥30 subjects were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using published criteria.ResultsWe identified 1467 citations; of these, 66 studies including 29 ,474 patients in 12 Latin American countries met the criteria for inclusion. There was considerable variability in methodology and in the reported prevalence of disease-related malnutrition; however, prevalence was consistently in the range of 40%–60% at the time of admission, with several studies reporting an increase in prevalence with increasing duration of hospitalisation. Disease-related malnutrition was associated with an increase in infectious and non-infectious clinical complications, length of hospital stay, and costs.ConclusionDisease-related malnutrition is a highly prevalent condition that imposes a substantial health and economic burden on the countries of Latin America. Further research is necessary to characterise screening/assessment practices and identify evidence-based solutions to this persistent and costly public health issue
. 18 Año 5 (2008) mayo-agosto. Señales de humo
No full text- Las misiones del Norte de la Nueva España por Raquel Padilla. - Editorial por Mario González Valenzuela. - La Bilbioteca informa por Guadalupe Piña Ortiz. - Vida académica por Martha Olivia Solís Zataraín. - Ecos del Museo de Sonora. Talleres de verano por Martín Matrecitos Flores. - Sahuaripa, Sonora. El molino de don Pepe por Esperanza Donjuan Espinoza. - Cerro de Trincheras. Más allá de la investigación arqeuológica: La apertura de la zona arqueológica por Elisa Villapando Canchola. - La protección del patrimonio cultural inamterial. México, diversidad étnica y lingüística por Alejandro Aguilar Zeleny. - De las embriaguez ritual, a la borrachera por Roberto Ramírez Méndez. - Al rescate del Templo de Nuestro Padre de San Ignacio de Ónavas por Omar Jara Domínguez. - ¿Sabías que ... por Eréndira Conreras Barragán. - Don Venustiano Carranza en Hermosillo, Sonora por Dorita Tabanico Fernández
La Quemada: Zacatecas
No full textAl sur de la ciudad de Zacatecas, en la enorme llanura que se extiende dentro del municipio de Villanueva, destacan las impresionantes y famosas ruinas de La Quemada o Tuitlán, que dominan el paisaje del alto valle del río Malpaso-Juchipila.Fotografía aérea Cía. Mexicana de Aerofoto, cortesía de Mario Córdova Tello.
Reproducción fotográfica: Ignacio Guevar
De piratas e historias en el Tabasco colonial. Antropología. Boletín Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: El Golfo de México: historia y cultura. Num. 66 Nueva Época (2002) abril-junio
No full textAndrade Torres, Juan, El comercio de esclavos en la provincia de Tabasco (siglos XVI-XIX), Villahermosa, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 1994.Civeira Taboada, Miguel, Tacotalpa, capital de Tabasco de 1666 a 1795, México, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco y Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística, 1973.Chevalier, François, La formación de los grandes latifundios en México: tierra y sociedad en los siglos XVI y XVII, trad. de A. Alatorre, México, FCE, 1956.Dampier, William, Dampier's Voyages, Fragmentos del texto original (ed. de 1906), en Viajeros en Tabasco. Textos, ed. de Ciprián Cabrera, Villahermosa, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 1987, pp. 235-275.Dufau Maldonado, Pedro, “Arreglo de milicias de la provincia de Tabasco que propuso el gobernador don... en el año de 1766 y que mejoró en el 68”, en Carlos Ruiz Abreu, Comercio y milicias de Tabasco en la Colonia, Villahermosa, Instituto de Cultura de Tabasco, 1989, pp. 165-370.Eugenio M., María Ángeles, La defensa de Tabasco, 1600-1717, Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.Gil y Sáenz, Manuel, Historia de Tabasco, 2a. ed. (anotada por R. Becerra F. y J. C. Santa-Anna), San Juan Bautista, José Ma. Ábalos, Editor, 1892.González Calzada, Manuel, Documentos para la historia de Tabasco, Paleografía de M. Gutiérrez Z., 2a ed. en 10 vols., Villahermosa, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 1979.Izquierdo y de la Cueva, Ana Luisa, El abandono de Santa María de la Victoria y la fundación de San Juan Bautista de Villahermosa, México, UNAM, IIFL, Centro de Estudios Mayas, 1995.Mestre Ghiliazza, Manuel, Documentos y datos para la historia de Tabasco, 4 vols., Villahermosa, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 1984.Ortiz Ortiz, Martín, El comercio marítimo de la provincia de Tabasco, 1784-1809 (en las Gazetas de México), Villahermosa, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 1991.Relaciones Histórico-Geográficas de la Alcaldía Mayor de Tabasco (RHGAMT), Ed. de M. de la Garza, A. L. Izquierdo y M. C. León, Paleografía de M.C. León, México, Representación del Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 1988.Rico Medina, Samuel, Los predicamentos de la fe. La Inquisición en Tabasco (1576-1811), Villahermosa, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 1990.Rubio Mañé, J. Ignacio (recopilador), Archivo de la historia de Yucatán, Campeche y Tabasco, 3 vols., México, Imprenta de Aldina, Robredo y Rosell, 1942._____, "La visita del obispo de Yucatán fray Antonio Alcalde a la provincia de Tabasco. 1764", en Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación, t. XXIV (3), 1953, pp. 454-470.Ruiz Abreu, Carlos Enrique, Señores de la tierra y el agua. Propiedad, comercio y trabajo en el Tabasco colonial, Villahermosa, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 1994.Ruz, Mario Humberto, “El añil en el Yucatán del siglo XVI”, en Estudios de Cultura Maya, vol. XII, 1979, pp. 111-156._____, Un rostro encubierto. Los indios en el Tabasco colonial, México, INI/CIESAS (Historia de los pueblos indígenas de México), 1994._____, Tabasco: memoria vegetal, Villahermosa, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 2001.West, R.C., N.P. Psuty y B.G. Thom, Las tierras bajas de Tabasco, en el sureste de México, 2a. ed. en español, trad. de P. Escalante, Villahermosa, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 1985
Yaxchilán: Chiapas
No full textLa información de esta miniguía se basa en los trabajos de Roberto García Moll y Daniel Juárez Cossío.Yaxchilán es uno de los sitios más notables del periodo Clásico de la región maya (250-900 d.C.). De pequeña aldea de agricultores y cazadores se convirtió en un lugar destacado en el ámbito de su región. Se piensa que fue importante desde el gobierno de Cráneo-Mahk'¡na l, señor de Yaxchilán, alrededor del año 410 d.C. Para ese momento Tikal dominaba aún la región y Yaxchilán era un puerto fluvial. Es probable que con el ascenso de Cráneo-Mahk'ina ll al trono de Yaxchilán (en 526 d.C.) la ciudad se convirtiera en capital regional, como lo denota la presencia de su glifo emblema en otras localidades.</p
The virtual image : Brazilian literature in English translation
No full textThe
aim of this thesis is to
examine
how the virtual
image
of Brazil
and
its literature is
constructed
in the Anglo-American world. To this
end, a survey of
Brazilian literary
works
in English translation was
carried out.
Having
gathered this data, it became
possible to establish
correlations
between the historical
moments when such translations
were made, when their number
increased,
and the events occurring at
those times in the international
panorama, as well as to look into the
role of sponsors, publishers and translators in the
selection and
production of such translations.
The data
also allowed a profile of
Brazilian literary
works
in
English translation to be drawn. It became
possible to suggest that
such works
fall into four
main categories:
`authorial
works',
'topical
works',
`ambassadorial
works'
and `consumer-oriented
works'.
In
order
to look
more closely
into how the translation process
has helped to
shape
the
virtual
image
of Brazilian literary
works
in
the Anglo-American world, an analysis of a sample of
translations
of
such works was made. Included in this
sample were
the translations
of works
by Machado de Asis, by Indianist
and
Regionalist
wirters,
culminating
in
an examination of translations of
GuimarAes Rosa's
works.
Having looked
at these aspects of
the translation
process, what
remained
to be done
was to investigate
to what extent
Brazilian
literary
works
in English translation
are read
by the English-
speaking public.
To this
end, a survey of availability and
library
readership was undertaken. Finally,
a reading experiment was carried
out
in
which native speakers of
English
were asked to read the short
story
'A terceira
margem
do
rio',
by GuimarAes Rosa.
The
conclusion attempts to pull all these threads together and
to indicate directions for further
research
Bases Morfológicas, Implicancias Clínicas y Reporte de Caso
No full textRoa, I (reprint author), Univ Talca, Unidad Anat Normal, Oficina 104, Fac Ciencias Salud, Ave Lircay S-N, Talca, Chile.Roa, I (Roa, Ignacio); Moraga, JI (Ignacio Moraga, Jose); Cantin, M (Cantin, Mario)During fetal life and infancy, flat bones of the cranial vault are separated by dense connective tissue membranes, fibrous joints called sutures, which are aimed early on in life to promote brain development. Eventually these sutures close over the years to form a synostosis between the bones of the skull. One of these is the frontal suture, which joins the two frontal bones in the embryonic period and the newborn. This suture may persist over time, generating the condition known as metopism. Alteration showing different presentations and incidents depending on the ethnic group studied. The purpose of this paper is to show the features found in this condition, frequency, description, varieties, etc. This analysis was performed on different databases and the description of a case. It raises the importance that clinicians approaching the area at the time of surgery consider possible confusion at the radiographic level which can lead to subsequent complications. Therefore, real knowledge of the morphological bases of this condition is important for correct diagnosis and surgical procedure if warranted
Microsaccade Activity During Visuospatial Working Memory in Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
No full textThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The underlying code for this study is not publicly available in its entirety but may be made available to qualified researchers on reasonable request from the corresponding author.Fixational saccadic eye movements (microsaccades) have been associated with cognitive processes, especially in tasks requiring spatial attention and memory. Alterations in oculomotor and cognitive control are commonly observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD), though it is unclear to what extent microsaccade activity is affected. We acquired eye movement data from sixteen participants with early-stage PD and thirteen older healthy controls to examine the effects of dopamine modulation on microsaccade activity during the delay period of a spatial working memory task. Some microsaccade characteristics, like amplitude and duration, were moderately larger in the PD participants when they were “on” their dopaminergic medication than healthy controls, or when they were “off” medication, while PD participants exhibited microsaccades with a linear amplitude–velocity relationship comparable to controls. Both groups showed similar microsaccade rate patterns across task events, with most participants showing a horizontal bias in microsaccade direction during the delay period regardless of the remembered target location. Overall, our data suggest minimal involvement of microsaccades during visuospatial working memory maintenance under conditions without explicit attentional cues in both subject groups. However, moderate effects of PD-related dopamine deficiency were observed for microsaccade size during working memory maintenance.The present research was supported by the Research Foundation of SUNY and State University of New York at Stony Brook. The funder played no role in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or the writing of this manuscript.Peer reviewe
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