24,525 research outputs found
Fluda thuruampara Perger & Rubio 2023, sp. nov.
No full textFluda thuruampara sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F8D73C27-4CDA-4B78-9D6A-AF98F2948831 Figs 3B–C, 6, 7, 8A–D Type material. Holotype: ♁, Bolivia: La Paz Department, Nor Yungas Province, Villa Teresa, 16.2019°S, 67.8294°W, 1340 m a.s.l., beating tray sampling, 17 Jan. 2017, R. Perger leg., IBSI-Ar0958. Paratypes: 1♁ 4♀, same data as for preceding, IBSI-Ar 956; 1 ♁ 1♀, same data as for preceding, IBSI-Ar0957; 5 ♁ 1♀, same data as for preceding, 6 Apr. 2016, IBSI-Ar0747; 2 ♁ 2♀, same data as for preceding (CBF). Remarks. Among the previously described species of Fluda, three (F. princeps, F. inpae Galiano, 1971, and F. perdita) have a short, broad epigyne with lateral openings and relatively short CDs with few loops (female group “B”; Galiano 1971), and three (F. dauca sp. nov., F. princeps and F. rufipes) have a short, robust embolus without complete circular revolution around the bulb (male group “A”; Galiano 1971). Diagnosis. Fluda princeps and F. thuruampara sp. nov. are the only species with males in group “A” and females in group “B”. Fluda thuruampara sp. nov. can be separated from F. princeps by having a male palp with evenly tapering RTA, pointing towards bulb when seen in ventral view (vs. with obtuse edge, pointing in opposite direction), embolus simple, pointed (Fig. 7B) (vs. lanceolate and twisted), and the female with only slightly undulating CDs (Fig. 7H) (vs. one distinct loop), anterior carina or margin with a posterior tip (vs. no tip). Etymology. The specific epithet is a compound word composed of thuru, meaning “strong” and ampara, meaning “arm” in the Aymara language, spoken by the Aymara people living in the Bolivian Yungas area. Description of male holotype (Figs 3A–B, 6A–B). Body length 3.90; carapace length 1.71; width 1.01; carapace index 59.06; cephalic width 1.01; cephalic width index 100; sternum length 0.8; width 0.41; sternum index 51.25; abdomen length 2.10; maximum width AAP 0.55; maximum width PAP 0.95; abdominal index 45.24; pedicel length 0.12; width 0.23; dorsal sclerite length 2.10; epigastric sclerite length 0.48; width 0.60; ventral sclerite length 1.10; width 0.60; inframamillary sclerite length 0.075; width 0.35; AER 1.05; AME-AME 0.05; AME-ALE 0.05; PER 0.95; PME-PME 0.87; PME-PE 0.17. All somatic characters as in holotype of F. dauca sp. nov. except the following: color integument dark brown blackish; posterior margin of AAP concave (Figs 3B, 6A), carapace width index and abdominal index narrower; chelicerae with two promarginal (the distal much smaller) and four retromarginal teeth; macrosetae tibia II v2-2-2-1 (p1-1-1-1). Palp (Figs 7A–D). RTA relatively short, triangular, length about 23% of tarsus length, proximal three quarters directed towards inner tarsus margin in retrolateral view, apically slightly curved, tip pointing dorsally; bulb simple, oval, with stiff, robust, prolateral embolus without complete circular revolution around the bulb, tips of RTA sclerotized; tegulum ventrally projected. Description of female paratype IBSI-Ar0956 (Figs 6C–D, 7F–H). Body length 4.15; carapace length 1.70; width 1.08; carapace index 63.53; cephalic width 1.08; cephalic width index 100; sternum length 0.77; width 0.40; sternum index 51.95; abdomen length 2.46; maximum width AAP 0.90; maximum width PAP 1.33; abdominal index 54.06; pedicel length 0.10; width 0.26; dorsal sclerite length 2.41; epigastric sclerite length 0.49; width 0.80; ventral and inframamillary sclerite absent; AER 1.10; AME-AME 0.025; AME-ALE 0.05; PER 1.15; PME-PME 0.85; PME-PE 0.22. Integument (color, microsculpture and setae) as in male except femora I with setae at ventral margin sparser. Carapace shape as in male. Femora I less broadened and dorsal margin less strongly carinated than in male. Macrosetae on leg as in male except tibia I v2-2-2-2-1 (r1-1-1-1-1); tibia II v2-2-2-2, metatarsus II v2-2-2-1 (p1- 1-1-1). Abdomen broader than in male with posterior margin of AAP straight and anterior margin of PAP median strongly convex. Epigyne (Figs 7F–H). Short and broad (narrow space between anterior carina or margin and epigastric furrow, narrower than the separation between the COs), with round lateral openings and relatively short CDs with few loops; carina with a tip posteriorly directed. Variation. Sexual-dimorphism in femora I and abdomen width; depth of abdominal constriction varied in both sexes according to the nutritional status (in females likely also to the reproductive status); width of light transverse band in abdominal constriction slightly varying in both sexes; ontogenetic shifts remain to be investigated as no juveniles were collected. Behavior. Erratic foraging with frequent stops and waiving of first pair of legs. When disturbed, the males exhibited an agonistic display by orientating their face towards the thread with the first pair of legs widely extended in an angle of about 45° (Figs 8A, 8C). Geographical and ecological distribution. Fluda thuruampara sp. nov. is exclusively known from the type locality in Bolivian Yungas forest in the Northern Bolivian Andes (Fig. 2). According to Navarro & Ferreira (2007), the ecosystem in this area is considered Submontane evergreen Yungas forest (Fig. 2). Bolivian Yungas forest is part of the Tropical South Andean Superregion (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011). Despite high sampling effort in several Bolivian forest ecoregions, the new species was not observed in other forest habitats. Individuals of F. thuruampara sp. nov. were collected from branches of trees in primary forest, co-occurring with the Simonellini species S. myrmeciaformis and Flurica sikimira Perger & Rubio, 2022. On isolated trees in adjacent tree falls gaps, Sympolymnia cutleri Perger & Rubio, 2020 was observed.Published as part of Perger, Robert & Rubio, Gonzalo D., 2023, Two new species of the ant-like spider genus Fluda Peckham & Peckham, 1892 from Bolivia with first reports of potential ant models for the genus and a novel ant-resembling behavior (Araneae: Salticidae, Simonellini), pp. 63-76 in Zootaxa 5256 (1) on pages 70-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/774533
Fluda dauca Perger & Rubio 2023, sp. nov.
No full textFluda dauca sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DBE97B4F-7CB4-4D01-9F5E-69F37BEAD33C Figs 3A, 4, 5 Type material. Holotype: ♁, Bolivia: Cochabamba Department, Villa Tunari, 16.9844°S, 65.4094°W, 335 m a.s.l., beating tray sampling, 6 Dec. 2017, R. Perger leg., IBSI-Ar1758. Paratypes: 1♁ 2♀, Bolivia: Cochabamba Department, Villa Tunari; 16.9844°S, 65.4094°W, 335 m a.s.l., beating tray sampling, 6 Dec. 2017, R. Perger leg., IBSI-Ar1027; 2♁, same data as for preceding, IBSI-Ar0764; 5♁, Santa Cruz Department, Buena Vista, Cafetal, 17.4658°S, 63.6969°W, 342 m a.s.l., beating tray sampling, 21 Jan. 2016; R. Perger leg., IBSI-Ar 0729; 2♁ 2♀, same data as for preceding (CBF). Remarks. Among the previously described species of Fluda, three (F. goianiae Soares & Camargo, 1948, F. narcissa Peckham & Peckham, 1892, and F. rufipes (Taczanowski, 1878)) have a long epigyne with anterior pocket, and relatively short CDs with few loops (female group “A”; see Galiano 1971). Among the males of Fluda spp., two (F. princeps Banks, 1929 and F. rufipes) have a short, robust embolus without complete circular revolution around the bulb (male group “A”; Galiano 1971). The embolus of F. goianiae was not described or illustrated in the original description by Soares & Camargo (1948). The male paratypes appear to be lost and the male was not examined and assigned to any species group in the revision by Galiano (1971). Diagnosis. Based on the available information, F. rufipes and F. dauca sp. nov. are the only species with males and females found in group “A”, respectively. Fluda dauca sp. nov. can be separated from F. rufipes by having the thoracic part distinctly convex in lateral view (vs. straight), the posterior part of the dorsal scutum considerably higher than the anterior (vs. about same height) and orbicular (vs. ovate) (Figs 4B, 4D), the male RTA (Fig. 5B) pointed (vs. blunt tip) and shorter (length 40% of tarsus length; vs. 50%), and the COs further apart and round (Fig. 5C) (vs. together and kidney-shaped). Galiano (1971) refrained from dissecting the epigyne of the holotype of F. rufipes because of the fragile condition. The female of F. dauca sp. nov. is separated from that of F. goianiae by the loops of the CDs orientated transversally (vs. longitudinally) and the course of the left CD running counterclockwise in ventral view (vs. clockwise). Etymology. The specific epithet is inferred from Daucus, the Latin genus name where the cultivated carrot belongs to, and refers to the orange color of some individuals. Description of male holotype (Figs 3A, 4A–B, 5A–B). Body length 3.30; carapace length 1.55; width 0.95; carapace index 61.29; cephalic width 0.95; cephalic width index 100; sternum length 0.67; width 0.4; sternum index 59.70; abdomen length 1.77; maximum width AAP 0.57; maximum width PAP 0.87; abdominal index (with posterior part) 49.15; pedicel length 0.06; width 0.25; dorsal sclerite length 1.78; epigastric sclerite length 0.47; width 0.57; ventral sclerite length 0.8; width 0.57; inframamillary sclerite length 0.05; width 0.27; AER 0.95; AMEAME 0.037; AME-ALE 0.05; PER 0.9; PME-PME 0.72; PME-PE 0.19. Integument (color, microsculpture and setae). Orange with large black patch around PE and similar patch surrounding ALE and PME, transverse light bands (darker due to storage in ethanol) in constrictions of carapace and abdomen, microsculpture consisting of regular, small granules; carapace weakly shiny, small granules dense, thoracic area laterally and posteriorly with fine wrinkles; AAP with small granules more separated, PAP finely reticulate, shinier than AAP, with granules widely separated. Margins of rectangle formed by ALE and PE and abdomen furnished with yellowish, separate, simple setae (most setae broken off due to storage in ethanol). Macrosetae tibia I v2-2-2-1-1 (r1-1-1-1-1), metatarsus I v2-2-2; tibia II v2-2-2, metatarsus II v2-2-2. Ventral and dorsal margin of femora I with row of developed black setae; ventral and dorsal margin of femora I with row of moderately developed black setae. Carapace. Slightly convex anteriorly, dorsally constricted between cephalic and thoracic part, rectangle formed by ALE and PER straight in lateral view, slightly inclined forwards, thoracic part convex posterior of constriction in lateral view, followed by concavity, lateral carapace borders continuous in dorsal view, in anterior half subparallel, evenly tapering posterior of constriction. Eyes. AER recurved, AME touching each other, ALE at anterior edges of cephalic area, touching lateral margin of AME, rectangle formed by ALE and PER about 1.3 times wider than long. Chelicerae. Small and vertical; one promarginal tooth and five retromarginal teeth (smaller). Abdomen. Elongated, longer than carapace, roughly oblanceolate, dorsally covered by scutum over entire length, AAP and PAP separated by deep constriction anterior of abdomen middle, both parts connected by narrow bridge; AAP oblong, narrower than carapace, posterior margin convex; PAP obovate, as wide as carapace, in lateral view orbicular and higher and more bulging than AAP. Legs. Formula 4312, margins femora II-IV and tibia I-III subparallel, margins femora I conspicuously convex, broadest in middle, margins tibia IV slightly convex, broadest in middle. Palp (Figs 5A–B). RTA long, spine-shaped, length 40% of tarsus length, directed towards outer tarsus margin in retrolateral view; bulb simple, oval, with stiff, robust, prolaterally emerging embolus without complete circular revolution around the bulb, tips of RTA and embolus sclerotized; tegulum ventrally projected. Description of female paratype (IBSI-Ar1027) (Figs 4E–F). Body length 3.54, carapace length 1.64, width 0.95, carapace index 57.93; cephalic width 0.95, cephalic width index 100; sternum length 0.70, width 0.40, sternum index 57.14; abdomen length 1.90, maximum width AAP 0.67, maximum width PAP 0.99, abdominal index (with posterior part) 52.10; pedicel length 0.11, width 0.30; dorsal sclerite length 1.90, epigastric sclerite length 0.41, width 0.68, ventral sclerite absent, inframamillary sclerite absent; AER 0.96, AME-AME 0.037, AME-ALE 0.05, PER 0.97, PME-PME 0.85, PME-PE 0.17. Integument (color, microsculpture and setae) as in male except femora I with setae at ventral margin sparser and macrosetae tibia I v2-2-2-2. Carapace shape as in male. Femora I less broadened and dorsal margin less strongly carinated than in male. Abdomen broader than in male. Epigyne (Figs 5C–E). Relatively long (notable separation between anterior pocket or margin and epigastric furrow, greater than the separation between the COs), with round lateral openings and relatively short CDs with few loops; carina with a concavity posteriorly directed. Variation. Sexual dimorphism in femora I shape and abdomen width, male femora I more convex and abdomen narrower, particularly AAP. Depth of abdominal constriction varied in both sexes according to the nutritional status (in females likely also to the reproductive status). Adults of both sexes with two color forms, dark brown blackish (1m /1f) and orange (8m /1f); in dark brown forms area between AAP and PAP black, in orange forms whitish (cf. Figs 4A, 4C, 4E). Male macrosetae tibia I in male variable: holotype v (p1-1-1) and one male paratype v (p1-1-1-1) (remaining as holotype). Ontogenetic shifts remain to be investigated as no juveniles were collected. Geographical and ecological distribution. Fluda dauca sp. nov. is known from the type locality in Villa Tunari (Cochabamba Dept.) and Buena Vista (Santa Cruz Dept.), which are both situated in Southwest Amazon rainforest (Fig. 2). According to Navarro & Ferreira (2007), the ecosystem of Villa Tunari is considered Sub-Andean Chapare forest and of Buena Vista, Sub-Andean Southwest Amazon rainforest (Fig. 2). Southwest Amazon forest is part of the Amazonian-Guayan Superregion (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011). Fluda dauca sp. nov. was collected in primary forest and early successional forests in small tree-fall gaps, close to the edge of primary forest. Fluda dauca sp. nov. was observed in the same microhabitats as Synemosyna myrmeciaformis (Taczanowski, 1871) and Erica eugenia (Peckham & Peckham, 1892). On isolated trees in adjacent, more disturbed forest and secondary forest, Sympolymnia shinahota Perger & Rubio, 2020 was collected. Behavior. Erratic locomotory behavior with frequent stops and waiving of first pair of legs. When disturbed, the males exhibited an agonistic display by moving their face towards the thread, with the first pair of legs widely extended in an angle of about 45° (Figs 8I, 8K, 8L).Published as part of Perger, Robert & Rubio, Gonzalo D., 2023, Two new species of the ant-like spider genus Fluda Peckham & Peckham, 1892 from Bolivia with first reports of potential ant models for the genus and a novel ant-resembling behavior (Araneae: Salticidae, Simonellini), pp. 63-76 in Zootaxa 5256 (1) on pages 66-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/774533
Cylindera (Plectographa) yaguaree Perger & Guerra, n.sp.
No full textCylindera (Plectographa) yaguaree Perger & Guerra n.sp. (Figs. 1 G; 2; 3 A, B) Type material. Bolivia, Tarija, O`Connor province, Tariquia: 1 male, holotype, CBF, 1.4 km south west of Salinas, 0.66 km east of Salinas River, S 21 ° 49 ' 20, W 64 ° 14 ' 45, 1093 m a.s.l., Tucuman-Bolivian subhumid forest, bank of small mountain river, November 2011, F. Guerra and R. Perger; 1 female, allotype, same data; 2 males, 3 females, paratypes, CBF, 3.2 km east of Salinas River, 2.5 km east of road to Salinas, S 21 ° 45 ' 18, W 64 ° 12 ' 32, 1200 m a.s.l., Tucuman-Bolivian subhumid forest, bank of small mountain river, December 2011, F. Guerra. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet “ yaguaree ” (pronounced a-wa-ree) is derived from “yaguarete”, which is the original name of the jaguar and means “true beast” in Tupi-Guaraní, a language spoken by the local indigenous Guaraní. Diagnosis. Cylindera (Plectographa) yaguaree n.sp. is separated from other Neotropical congeners by a combination of the following characters: 1) setose genae and head; 2) posteriorly tapering pronotum, pronotal disc laterally convex; 3) elytral surface completely covered with stiff, appressed setae; 4) three complete narrow elytral maculations; 5) sutural spines reduced. Three complete narrow elytral maculations and setose gena are also typical of C. (P.) mixtula Horn 1915, but it lacks the elytral setae and the pronotum tapers in the opposite direction. In C. (P.) sinuosa and C. (P.) suturalis the elytra have three complete maculations, but these are wider and the genae are bare. Cylindera (Plectographa) yaguaree n.sp. shares the posteriorly tapering pronotum and setose elytra with the Argentinean species C. (P.) eugeni Castelnau 1835; however, this latter species is distinguished by glabrous head, large subsutural foveae, wide elytral maculations and elytra glabrous in apical half. Description. General. Relatively large (10.15–10.95 mm), dorsum matte to slightly shining cupreous-dark olive green, elytra with distinct, separate appressed setae covering most of the surface and three complete, narrow pale maculations. Setation. Dense appressed or suberect setae on body laterally (except area behind genae and on mesepisternum), on pronotal dorsum, on femora and laterally on meso- and metacoxa. Labial palpi and proepisternum with suberect to erect setae. Frons, vertex and elytra with separate, distinct setae. Distal 7 antennomeres, tibia and tarsi longitudinally lined with very fine and short setae. Labrum with 9 to 12 submarginal setae. Antennal scape with 1 erect subapical seta distal, antennomere 4 with three or more setae, apex of front trochanters with a single sensory seta. Apical setae on eighth abdominal sternum short. Head slightly shining cupreous, vertex rugose, frons and gena striate. Labrum narrower or as wide as clypeus, subrectangular, straight, short, uni- or obtuse tridentate, ferrugineo-testaceous to dark brown. Eyes prominent, not bulging laterally. Mentum tooth well developed. Mandibular base ferrugineo-testaceous, third terebral tooth shiny green with black tip, incisor tooth black. Antennal socket and antennomeres 1-4 shiny cupreous, with green reflections or completely green, distal 7 antennomeres testaceous, densely pubescent. Pronotum slightly shining cupreous, broad, widest in the middle, anterior margin noticably wider than posterior, posterior constricted, both margins with deep transverse sulci that are shiny cupreous; pronotal disc laterally convex, rugose, median groove distinct; proepisternum wrinkled, shiny cupreous, coupling sulcus with distinct groove. Scutellum triangular. Elytra gradually widened to apical 1 / 4, then narrow until just before apex, sutural spine reduced; color matt brown cupreous with small shallow, weakly reflective green punctures, giving an overall olive impression; subsutural row of large foveae absent, three narrow, pale maculations, laterally connected, anterior G-shaped, median sharply elbowed, bend without additional bracket, not connected to posthumeral spot, sometimes slightly lacerated, mostly continuous, apical maculation U-shaped, apical-sutural arm reduced. Abdominal sternites dark brown with cupreous-green reflections. Ventral sclerite with two elongate posterior projections. Coxae shiny cupreous with green reflections; trochanters testaceous, femora cupreous, tibia and tarsomeres cupreous with or without green reflections. Aedeagus strongly bent in basal quarter, in distal moderately bent; slightly widening distally in basal third, then considerably thickened median to shortly to the base of the apex and finally strongly narrowing on one side to a pointing apex. Laterally longitudinal concavity in distal third. Geographic distribution. This species is currently known only from the two locations where types and paratypes were collected, in Tariquia, close to its North-western limit. Several collections (see Pearson et al. 1999) in the adjacent Chaco Serrano, the elbow of the Andes and the Bolivian Yungas failed to find this species; therefore we consider it endemic to Tucuman-Bolivian forest. Ecology. Cylindera (Plectographa) yaguaree n.sp. was observed during November and December on two narrow sand stone banks of a medium forest stream. The activity of adults was apparently triggered by initial rainfalls of the rainy season, as we observed no individuals at the same sites earlier in the drier season of October. At midday on sunny days, individuals perched on stones close to a moist, relatively steep sloping wall of sandstone. This microhabitat was temporarily insolated, and shaded, with conspicuous and highly localized patches of liverworts and mosses growing on the sand stonewall. This tiger beetle was absent from shady banks of smaller forest rivers and on sunny banks of larger rivers. We assume that humid sand stone microhabitats lined with trees and with sunny patches are the preferred microhabitat. Such habitats are apparently the result of a specific tectonical setting and were only observed twice in the study area. We collected the specimens of C. (P.) yaguaree n.sp. together with Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) cribrata in the same microhabitat. As we approached individuals of C. (P.) yaguaree n.sp. and Pentacomia (M.) cribrata, they quickly flew away from us. Several times we observed C. (P.) yaguaree n.sp. flying to land on stones lying in the river or to the opposite river bank. Also observed in this habitat of C. (P.) yaguaree n.sp. was Pseudoxycheila tucumana n.sp. between stones and Oxycheila germaini Fleutiaux hiding between and under stones close to the water’s edge.Published as part of Perger, Robert & Guerra, Fernando, 2012, Two new tiger beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelitae) species from the Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the National Tariquia Reserve, Bolivia, pp. 49-58 in Zootaxa 3434 on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20872
W. F. Mitchell
No full textEarlier this year, an article was published in the News Bulletin
(February 2012) on the background of Captain Boyns Hedley
Hocking, a dentist who became one of the first casualties in the
bombing of Darwin in 1942. The author, W F Mitchell, has kindly
provided a summary of the 70th anniversary activities held in
Darwin in February 2012 to commemorate this significant event in
the Northern Territory?s historyDate:2012-09News Bulletin no. 413, p. 36 - 37
Assessing the George W. Bush Presidency: A Tale of Two Terms
No full textIn one of the first volumes assessing the full two terms of the George W. Bush presidency, Wroe and Herbert have gathered the work of leading American and European scholars. In fifteen succinct and incisive chapters, authorities such as Jim Pfiffner, John Maltese, Graham Wilson and Alan Gitelson offer assessments of the Bush administration's successes and failures. Extensive attention is paid to Bush's foreign policy, including 'The War on Terror' but the focus is broadened to absorb not only the Bush Doctrine and its repercussions, but also his trade and homeland security policies. The president's domestic leadership in economics and social policy is investigated, as are his dealings as president with the other institutions of the U.S. political system. The result is a comprehensive guide to the Bush presidency and its legacy
Barbara W. [F...] to Sir (2 October 1962)
No full textSigned by Barbara W. [F...]https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1499/thumbnail.jp
Johngarthia cocoensis Perger, Vargas & Wall, 2011, n. sp.
No full textJohngarthia cocoensis n. sp. (Figs. 1 A, B; 2; 3; 4; 5 B; 6 D–F) Type material. Costa Rica, Cocos Island: male, holotype, MZ-UCR- 622 -01, 13.08. 1973, C. Villalobos and D.G. Robinson leg.; 1 male, paratype, same data; Costa Rica, Manuelita Island: 3 males, 1 female, paratypes, MZ-UCR- 623 -01, 14.8. 1973, N. Scott leg.; Costa Rica, Cocos Island, Bahía Wafer: 10 juveniles, paratypes, MZ-UCR- 2401 - 0 6, 28.11. 2001 M. Montoya leg. Comparative material examined. Johngarthia planatus: Mexico, Socorro I.: 1 male, MNHN- B 13154, A. Anthony leg.; 2 males, LACM, 16 Feb. 1971, J. Garth det.; 1 male USNM 20691, A. Anthony leg.; Mexico, San Benedicto I.: 2 males, LACM- 170, J. Garth det.; 1 male, USNM 20690, A. Anthony leg.; Mexico, Lower California: 1 male (most likely holotype of Gecarcinus digueti Bouvier, 1895), MNHN-B 10951, Diguet leg.; 1 male, 1 female, USNM 12465; Mexico, Tres Marias I., María Cleofas: 1 male, USNM 20650, Nelson & Goldman leg., 30 - 05- 1897; Clipperton I.: 4 males, LACM, 12.09. 1958, Limbaugh leg., J. Garth det.; 1 male, MNHN-B 13156, D. Guinot det.; 1 male, 1 female, USNM 19646, J. Arnheim leg; Johngarthia malpilensis: Colombia, Malpelo I.: 3 males, 4 females, LACM, 16.01. 1933, Hancock Pacific Expeditions, J. Garth det. Additional high resolution photographs of live J. planatus from Clipperton (provided by Michel Montoya, Fundación Amigos Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, and Julian P. Sachs, University of Washington) and J. malpilensis (provided by Mateo Lopéz-Victoria, Justus Liebig Universität, Giessen, Germany) were also examined. Remark. We could not locate the type material of J. planatus in the USNM, the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen or the Natural History Museum, London, where some type material of species described by Stimpson has been deposited (see Evans 1967; Vasile et al. 2005; Manning & Reed 2006). The material of J. planatus was most likely destroyed by the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 (see Vasile et al. 2005). The possible holotype of G. digueti Bouvier, 1895 (MNHN-B 10951) was labeled as Gecarcinus planatus, but it is the only specimen in the MNHN concordant with the type specimen of G. digueti described by Bouvier (1895) and subsequently reported by Rathbun (1899). Bouvier apparently only had one specimen from “Basse-Californie” (Lower California), which he noted was measuring 67 mm (sex not specified) (Bouvier, 1898). Rathbun (1899) recognized G. digueti as a distinct species, recording it from María Cleofa Island off Lower California, and apparently examined the type in the Paris Museum which she stated was a male measuring 69.0 by 46.3 mm. Maria Cleofa Island is situated relatively close to Cabo San Lucas (Cape St. Lucas, the most southern tip of Lower California peninsula), the type locality of J. planatus (Stimpson 1860). On the basis of the available data, this MNHN specimen is almost certainly the holotype of G. digueti Bouvier, 1895. Rathbun (1918) later synonymized both G. malpilensis (Faxon, 1893) and G. digueti (Bouvier, 1895) with G. planatus (Stimpson, 1860). Türkay (1970) recognized G. malpilensis as a distinct species but retained G. digueti under the synonymy of G. planatus. The presumptive holotype of G. digueti has all the diagnostic characters which we here identify with J. planatus and we are confident they are conspecific and different from J. cocoensis n. sp. Diagnosis. P about half as wide as orbital width; juvenile, subadults (W 20–60 mm) with well developed exorbital carapace tooth, 6–16 anterolateral carapace teeth; ILs mostly separated from each other when resting against buccal cavity (Fig. 3); palp of MXP 3 merus partly exposed, epistomial tooth completely exposed (Fig. 3; 6 D–F); MXP 3 exopodite not reaching ischium-merus joint, terminal setae protruding beyond ischium-merus joint; male first gonopod relatively straight (Fig. 4 A, B) Measurements. Males 57.2–112.3 mm; females 21.2 –57.35 mm; W/L = 1.24 ± 0.06; W/H = 2.33 ± 0.06; H/ MXP 3 length = 1.52 ± 0.03; MXP 3 merus length/width = 1.23 ± 0.05; FO width = 1.353 W 0,754 (R ² = 0,99); F width = 0.445 W 0,751 (R ² = 0.99); PL = 0.0894 W 1,4957 (R ² = 0.98) Description. Relatively large-size, robust species; carapace transversely ovate, strongly longitudinally, transversely convex, widest in anterior half; gastric region particularly well defined; median, cervical, urogastric grooves very pronounced; median groove reaches posterior height of greatest width of carapace; extremities of cervical grooves reaching pits at orbital angles; P about half as wide as orbital width; pit median, posterior of each cervical groove, smaller than pits at orbital angles, posterior very close to cervical groove, converging with urogastric groove; irregular lines of smaller pits lateral to cervical grooves; epigastric carinae absent, cardiac lobe strongly backward prolonged between bases of posterior legs; postfrontal crest strongly curved downwards, terminating as prominent carina, carina slightly curved medially. Suborbital, pterygostomial regions sparsely granular laterally; surfaces smooth. Subhepatic region with rounded postero-lateral margins, with rows of 3–9 small granules. In juvenile, subadult specimens (20–60 mm) carapace in anterior third with small granules, rest of surface smooth; lateral borders swollen, upper border marked by carapace anterolateral border when seen in frontal view, prominently developed exorbital carapace tooth, carapace anterolateral border lined by 6–16 sharp teeth. In adult specimens (> 60 mm) dorsal surface of carapace smooth; protogastric area, branchial regions conspicuously swollen; exorbital tooth weakly developed, anterolateral border smooth. Orbit deep, broadly oval, height about 3 / 4 width, eye not completely filling orbit when folded; dorsal border slightly raised, outer angle distinctly defined, outer ventral, dorsal orbital borders converge with carapace anterolateral border at height of widest width of orbit when seen in frontal view; wide gap in ventral orbital border, border weakly carinate, projected, with row of 5 or 6 teeth, inner angle reaches front, separates antennae from orbit, furnished with 2 or 3 teeth. Epistome sunken, densely covered with short setae, separated from basal segments of antennules by transverse ridge, ridge aligned with suborbital-border; median with band of setae; epistomial tooth exposed, triangular; antennules folded obliquely; antennae very short, nearly longitudinal, almost concealed by front, inter-antennular septum of moderate width; buccal cavern wide, widest in middle, laterally arched, densely covered with long, thick hairs, setae forming dense brush fitting with lateral border of MXP 3, not visible when MXP 3 rest against buccal cavern. MXP 3 leaving between them wide rhomboidal gap when closed, mandibles exposed, internal border of ischium laterally lined with setae, ischium with well pronounced vertical sulcus; ILs mostly separated from each other when resting against buccal cavity, considerably narrower, shorter than ischium, longer than wide, not reaching epistome, leaving gap between lateral borders of buccal cavern, exposing epistomial tooth, borders of MXP 3 merus relatively straight; apex apically divided by wide, V-shaped fissure, deepest point of emargination lateral, palp articulating at this point, palp partly exposed in resting position; IL longer than OL, rounded; exopod concealed by ischium, apex not reaching ischium-merus joint (size about 80 % of ischium), terminal setae protrude from ischium-merus joint, flagellum absent. Meri and chela of chelipeds allometric, in specimens W ≥ 60 mm slightly surpassing carapace anterolateral border, in large males abnormally elongated, widely surpassing carapace anterolateral border; in specimens ≥ 60 mm surface of merus smooth, anterior proximal border furnished with 6 or 7 distinct teeth increasing in size distally, 3 sub-distal, 2 distal carpal teeth; surface, border of merus smooth in larger specimens. Specimens W 100 mm slightly heterochelous (left palm bigger, biggest difference between palm length 20 %), palms elongated, length may exceed W, flattened in height, width, interiorproximal with longitudinal furrow; dactyl, pollex elongated, drop shaped in cross section, gaping moderate in largest chela when closed, not crossing, with triangular teeth, terminal with 7 rows of nearly uniform, oblique conical teeth, arrangement of teeth more diffuse proximally, manus smooth. Ambulatory legs stout, sparsely furnished with setae; merus triangular in cross section, ventral edges with strongly developed ridges, dentate; carpus pentagonal in cross-section, distal edges with spines; propodus rhomboidal in cross-section, edges strongly dentate; dactylus longitudinally ridged, with 6 rows of spines. Sternum wider than long, S 1 triangular, exposed, S 2 narrow, S 1 -S 3 fused, indistinct, S 2 -S 3 suture, S 3 separated from S 4; S 4 widest; sulci between S 3 -S 6 distinct, sternites fused at upper border of abdominal cavity, separated medially, fused again near midline; abdominal cavity with longitudinal suture in S 6; upper border of abdominal cavity with patches of setae; all abdominal somites and telson distinct, freely articulating; first somite filling space between last pair of ambulatory legs, sixth somite longest, considerably longer than telson, telson sub-triangular, narrow; lateral margins nearly straight, tip rounded. Male first gonopod (Fig. 4 A, B) slightly sinuous from lateral view, relatively straight from mesial view, slen- der, stiff, heavily chitinized, surfaces concave, mesial suture indistinct, margin distinctly developed; cephalic surface with band of sparse setae, apical border lined with stiff setae, caudal process shorter than mesial process, close-fitting to mesial process from lateral view, separated by emargination in mesial view; mesial process of first gonopod prominently developed, end piece on a level with terminal setae; diagonal, triangular, convex, amber-colored, aperture sub terminal, opening in an external-longitudinal channel. Color. In adults, carapace reddish brown, carapace pits creamy white. In juvenile specimens, carapace dark brown-purple, carapace pits white, chelipeds and ambulatory legs reddish, tips of fingers white (Fig. 1 A, B). Type locality. Costa Rica, Cocos Island, Manuelita Island. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality (Cocos Island). Comparisons. In Johngarthia cocoensis n. sp. the shape of the third maxilliped merus more closely resembles that of J. malpilensis than J. planatus. In J. cocoensis n. sp. and J. malpilensis, the V-shaped emargination of the third maxilliped merus is positioned laterally and the outer apical lobe is shorter than the inner apical lobe (Fig. 5 B, C; 6 D–I). Johngarthia cocoensis n. sp. is distinguished from J. planatus by having the third maxilliped merus considerably longer than wide (Fig. 3; 5 B; 6 D–F), in J. planatus the third maxilliped merus is as long as wide or slightly longer (Fig. 5 D; 6 A–C). In J. planatus the carapace is more flattened than in J. cocoensis n. sp. (Tab. 1). In J. cocoensis n. sp., the third maxilliped meri are so short that the inner apical lobes are mostly not overlapping in resting position and the third maxilliped palp is partly exposed (Fig. 3; 5 B; 6 D–F), while in J. malpilensis, these lobes are enlarged, mostly overlapping and conceal the third maxilliped palp (Fig. 5 C; 6 G–I). In J. malpilensis and J. planatus the base of the male first gonopod is relatively more compact and the apex relatively more slender from mesial and lateral views, the opposite condition is discerned when viewed from the caudal and cephalic views. In J. cocoensis n. sp. the male first gonopod is relatively much straighter (Fig. 4 A, B). In J. malpilensis and J. planatus the surfaces of the are considerably more concave and the apex of the end piece is longer in relation to the male first gonopod than in J. cocoensis n. sp.Published as part of Perger, Robert, Vargas, Rita & Wall, Adam, 2011, Johngarthia cocoensis, a new species of Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, pp. 57-68 in Zootaxa 2911 on pages 58-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27781
Thermo-chemical and thermo-physical properties of the high-pressure phase anhydrous B (Mg\u3csub\u3e14\u3c/sub\u3e Si \u3csub\u3e5\u3c/sub\u3e O \u3csub\u3e24\u3c/sub\u3e ): An ab-initio all-electron investigation
No full textUsing the hybrid B3LYP density functional method, we computed the ab-initio thermo-chemical and -physical properties of the mineral anhydrous B (Anh-B), which has been recently suggested as a potential phase responsible for the X-discontinuity in the Earth\u27s mantle at ∼300 km depth through the reaction forsterite + periclase = Anh-B, and also to likely split the 410 km discontinuity within the interior of a cold slab through the reaction wadsleyite/ringwoodite = Anh-B + stishovite. We first conducted an investigation of the static properties through a symmetry-preserving relaxation procedure and then computed, on the equilibrium structure, harmonic vibrational modes at the long-wavelength limit corresponding to the center of the Brillouin zone (k → 0). While optic modes are the eigenvectors of the Hessian matrix at G point, acoustic modes were obtained by solving the non-zero components of the strain matrix. Following the Kieffer model, acoustic branches were assumed to follow sine wave dispersion when traveling within the Brillouin zone. All thermodynamic properties that depend on vibrational frequencies namely, heat capacities, thermal expansion, thermal derivative of the bulk modulus, thermal correction to internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, thermal pres-sure and Debye temperature, were computed on the basis of quasi-harmonic mode-gamma analysis of the volume effects on vibrational frequencies. Moreover, the strain tensor was used to calculate several thermo-physical properties of geophysical interest (transverse and longitudinal wave veloci-ties, shear modulus, Young\u27s modulus, and Poisson\u27s ratio). The ab-initio results derived in this study and the available data on molar volumes were used to calculate the univariant equilibrium forsterite + periclase = Anh-B. The results are in satisfactory agreement with the reversed experimental data of Ganguly and Frost (2006)
MCDF calculations of the specific mass shift in helium-like ions
No full textAn extension of the GRASP92 (Parpia F A, Froese Fischer C and Grant I P 1996 Comput. Phys. Commun. 94 249) multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) program described previously (Perger W F and Idrees M 1995 Phys. Commun. 85 389-97) is used for the calculation of the specific mass shift (SMS) of the helium 1S ground state isoelectronic sequence. We also employ a multi-configuration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) method to calculate the ground state SMS for comparison with MCDF results. The SMS matrix elements for two-electron systems obtained from the relativistic program are shown to exhibit a trend: the larger the atomic number Z, the larger the relativistic contributions to the SMS matrix elements for the ions. The SMS matrix elements approximately vary as Z3 along the isoelectronic sequence from Z = 2 to 92. In addition, it is shown that the relativistic effects increase approximately as Z3/A2 in the SMS values for all the ions considered confirming some previous observations (Parpia F A, Tong M and Froese Fischer C 1992 Phys. Rev. A 46 3717-24). Excellent agreement is found between the present ab initio calculations and the available semi-relativistic calculations for the small values of Z along the helium-like ions. Furthermore, a large set of configuration state functions used in the calculations has revealed larger disagreements for high-Z ions between both relativistic (MCDF-optimized-level) and nonrelativistic (MCHF) calculations suggesting that the SMS for helium-like ions with Z \u3e 40 relativistic and correlation effects are increasingly important
Ekstremalne dobowe sumy opadów w Północno-Zachodniej Polsce
No full textThe paper presents an analysis of the extreme precipitation recorded in north-western Poland between
1951 and 1995. The author of the present paper selected a day with a maximal twenty-fourhour
precipitation sum out of each month. The author also selected intervals characterized by specific
twenty-four-hour values: 0.1-9.9 mm, 10.0-19.9 mm, 20.0-29.9 mm, 30.0-49.9 mm, 50.0-99.9
mm and ≥100 mm. The author selected frequencies of their occurrence and a monthly average and
annual maximums’ sum of precipitation. A concept of an extreme precipitation relates to twentyfour-
hour sums 50.0-99.9 mm and ≥100 mm. Moreover the author selected the days with extreme
twenty-four-hour sums ≥100 mm and specified the atmospheric circulation types, distinguished by
B. Osuchowska-Klein (1975).W pracy przybliżono problematykę ekstremalnych opadów w północno-zachodniej Polsce.
Badanie ekstremalnych wartości elementów meteorologicznych to jedno z najważniejszych
zagadnień klimatologii. Występowanie tych elementów może spowodować straty ekonomiczne,
społeczne czy środowiskowe. W analizie uwzględniono dobowe sumy opadów
z 14 stacji, obejmujące lata 1951-1995. Dla obszaru północno-zachodniej Polski za opad
ekstremalny przyjęto sumy dobowe 50,0-99,9 mm i ³100 mm, następnie przeprowadzono
analizę wybranych dni, w których wystąpiły ekstremalne dobowe sumy opadów ≥100 mm
i określono typy cyrkulacji atmosferycznej, wyróżnione przez B. Osuchowską-Klein (1975).
Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że na obszarze północno-zachodniej Polski występują
opady ekstremalne, które przekraczają granice bezpieczeństwa, powodując zagrożenia
społeczno-gospodarcze i środowiskowe. Sumy dobowe 50,0-99,9 mm pojawiały się od maja
do października oraz w lutym, natomiast sumy ≥100 mm występowały tylko w letnich miesiącach. W badanym wieloleciu 1951-1995, przy uwzględnieniu 14 stacji z obszaru północno-
zachodniej Polski ekstremalne opady 50,0-99,9 mm wystąpiły 102 razy (6%), natomiast
opady ≥100 mm – 3 razy: w Łebie (24.07.1988 r.), Koszalinie (18.08.1991 r.) i Toruniu
(15.06.1980 r.). Jednakże, przy uwzględnieniu większej liczby stacji (185 stacji dla okresu
1961-1980) sumy ≥100 mm wystąpiły w 14 innych stacjach. Dla tych dni wykonano mapy
i określono typ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej. Otrzymano, że ekstremalne opady występowały
przy typach cyrkulacji cyklonalnej – Eo (północno-wschodnia i wschodnia), F (południowo-
-wschodnia) i CB (północno-zachodnia) oraz antycyklonalnej – E1 (południowo-wschodnia
i wschodnia) i C2D (zachodnia). W wybranych 8 dniach opady ekstremalne wystąpiły: w czerwcu
(2 razy) – przy typach F i E1; w lipcu (3 razy) – przy typach Eo (2 razy) i C2D i w sierpniu
(3 razy) – przy typach Eo, F i CB. W 6 dniach przyczyną opadów ekstremalnych były typy
cyklonalne.
W ciepłym okresie roku, przy typach cyrkulacji ze składową północną na obszar północno-
zachodniej Polski napływa chłodne powietrze, natomiast przy typach południowo-wschodnich
i wschodnich napływa bardzo ciepłe powietrze, często o dużej wilgotności względnej.
W obu przypadkach adwekcja powietrza może prowadzić do rozwoju konwekcji i w rezultacie
powstają opady o ekstremalnej sumie
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