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Did H.M. exhibit accelerated long-term forgetting? Measuring forgetting in amnesia
Get PDFThe early investigations of patient H.M. inaugurated the modern era of memory research. During the 1970s and 1980s, a key debate over whether H.M. with bilateral medial temporal lobe lesions exhibited accelerated long-term forgetting attracted an increasing interest in forgetting research among amnestic patients. Huppert and Piercy (1979) examined H.M.’s performance in visual recognition at 10-minute, 1-day, and 7-day intervals and suggested that H.M. was subjected to rapid forgetting compared with Korsakoff patients and healthy participants reported in Huppert and Piercy (1978). In contrast, Freed et al. (1987) employed the same experimental paradigm and concluded that forgetting rates in H.M. did not differ from those in healthy controls. These incompatible findings highlighted a methodological challenge in measuring forgetting in the cross-group comparison design, where closely equalising the initial performance between patient and control groups is usually suggested. The re-analysis in this viewpoint, using both linear- and nonlinear-based modelling, reconciled the discrepancy between the aforementioned studies. Our results indicated that the rate of forgetting in H.M. did not differ from that in healthy controls, regardless of whether the initial performance was closely matched. Here, we suggest that the cross-group comparisons in forgetting studies do not necessarily seek a perfect match in initial performance unless the risks of confounding encoding and retrieval processes can be effectively controlled
Meta yinae Wang & Zhou & Irfan & Yang & Peng 2020, sp. nov.
No full textMeta yinae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 07066DE2-94F3-431C-A28C-5ED596CA782B Figs 1 G–H, 13–15 Differential diagnosis Meta yinae sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other Chinese Meta species by the wide conductor, the Y-shaped cymbial ectobasal process of the male palp (Figs 13, 15 A–C), and the bean-shaped spermathecae of the epigyne (Figs 14B, 15E). Meta yinae sp. nov. resembles M. yani sp. nov. (Figs 10– 12), but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters. Metaine embolic apophysis not bifurcated in ventral view in M. yinae sp. nov. (Figs 13D, 15B), bifurcated in M. yani sp. nov. (Figs 10D, 12B). The spine-like apophysis of the cymbial ectobasal process arises from the top of CEP and points towards the genital bulb in M. yinae sp. nov. (Figs 13B, 15C), it forms the median portion of CEP and points towards the cymbium in M. yani sp. nov. (Figs 10B, 12C). The posterior margin of the epigynal plate almost round in M. yinae sp. nov. (Figs 14A, 15D), centrally incised in M. yani sp. nov. (Figs 11A, 12D). Spermathecae longitudinal, present posteriorly in M. yinae sp. nov. (Figs 14B, 15E), whereas horizontal, present anteriorly in M. yani sp. nov. (Figs 11B, 12E). Etymology The specific epithet is taken from the family name of Prof. Changmin Yin, in honour of her great contribution to Chinese arachnology; noun. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Fugong County, Pihe Township, Yueliangtian Village; 26°34′04″ N, 98°54′32″ E; alt. 1520 m; 20–24 Aug. 2005; G. Tang leg.; HNU-Tang-05-08. Paratypes (15 ♂♂ and 18 ♀♀) CHINA – Yunnan Province – Fugong County • 7 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; HNU-Tang-05-08 • 1 ♂; Lumadeng Township, Yaping Village, 7.2 km up of Shibali; 27°10′47″ N, 98°43′35″ E; alt. 3059 m; 4 May 2004; H.M. Yan and G.X. Peng leg.; HNU-20040504-3 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; 10.1–11.5 km from Shibali to Yaping; 27°12′02″ N, 98°42′49″ E– 27°12′24″ N, 98°43′03″ E; alt. 3225– 3290 m; 8 May 2004; C. Griswold and D.H. Kavanaugh leg.; HNU-CGY40 • 1 ♀; Lumadeng Township, Yaping Village, Yaping Yakou; 27°10′47″ N, 98°43′35″ E; alt. 3280– 3100 m; 8 May 2004; H.M. Yan leg.; HNU-20040508. – Lushui County • 2 ♂♂; Luzhang Township, Yaojiaping Forest Station; 25°58′31″ N, 98°42′36″ E; alt. 2515 m; 20 May 2005; K.J. Guo leg.; HNU-GKJ013. – Longyang County • 1 ♂; Bawan Township, Sancha River, Luoshuidong area; 24°55′33″ N, 98°45′29″ E; alt. 2300 m; 3 June 2005; Charles Griswold leg.; HNU-CGY137. – Tengchong County • 1 ♂; Jietou Township, No. 8 Boundary Post of Yakou; 25°48′32″ N, 98°37′15″ E; alt. 2890 m; 23 May 2006; X.J. Peng, X.P. Wang and P. Hu leg.; HNU-Wang060523-2. – Gongshan County • 1 ♀; Cicai Township, Dahaituo; 27°47′04″ N, 98°27′37″ E; alt. 3363 m; 13 Aug. 2006; P. Hu leg.; HNU-Hu060813 • 1 ♂; Qiqi No. 12 bridge; 27°42′59″ N, 98°30′11″ E; alt. 2738 m; 28 Sep. 2007; X.J. Peng leg.; HNU-20070928 • 1 ♂; Qiqi Dongshaofang; 27°41′43″ N, 98°29′07″ E; alt. 3208 m; 29 Sep. 2007; X.J. Peng leg.; HNU-20070929. Description Male (holotype, Fig. 1G) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.29. Prosoma 2.45 long, 2.00 wide; opisthosoma 3.28 long, 1.95 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.16, PME 0.15, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.09, PME–PLE 0.19, ALE–PLE 0.03. MOA 0.44 long, front width 0.37, back width 0.42. Clypeus 0.11 high. CHELICERAE. Strong, brown, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. GNATHOCOXAE AND LABIUM. Brown, longer than wide. DORSUM OF PROSOMA. Yellowish brown, with longitudinal dark brown band. Cervical groove distinct, radial furrows indistinct (Fig. 1G). STERNUM. Brown, scutellate, with sparse brown hairs. LEGS. Brown, with annuli. Length of legs: I, 13.40 (3.82, 4.68, 3.41, 1.49); II, 10.48 (3.02, 3.73, 2.51, 1.22); III, 6.00 (2.01, 1.89, 1.39, 0.71); IV, 7.71 (2.50, 2.45, 1.91, 0.85). Leg formula: 1243. OPISTHOSOMA. Oval, dorsum with two pairs of sigillae, yellowish brown, with several irregular black markings (Fig. 1G). Venter of opisthosoma yellowish brown, with black markings. PALP (Figs 13, 15 A–C). Cymbial ectobasal process Y-shaped, with hook-shaped tip. Paracymbium strong and rod-like, with sparse long, brown hairs. Metaine embolic apophysis longer than wide, tongueshaped. Embolus long, thin, proximally covered by conductor. Conductor longer than wide, slightly curved, arising meso-retrolaterally from bulb, extending clockwise, with a membranous end. Female (HNU-Tang-05-08, Fig. 1H) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.17. Prosoma 2.44 long, 2.09 wide; opisthosoma 4.25 long, 3.38 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.18, PME 0.17, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.14, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.18,ALE–PLE 0.04. MOA anterior width 0.39, posterior width 0.45, anterior width 0.46. Clypeus 0.12 high. LEGS. Leg measurements: I, 11.06 (3.20, 3.86, 2.73, 1.27); II, 8.53 (2.52, 3.01, 2.03, 0.97); III, 5.07 (1.63, 1.68, 1.10, 0.66); IV, 7.18 (2.35, 2.45, 1.65, 0.73).Leg formula: 1243. Other morphological characteristics same as in male. EPIGYNE (Figs 14, 15 D–E). Copulatory ducts thick and short. Spermathecae bean-shaped, present posteriorly. Fertilization ducts relatively long and thick. Variation The total length in male specimens examined ranges from 4.79 to 5.29, in female specimens from 4.95 to 6.74. Distribution China, Yunnan Province (Fugong, Lushui, Longyang, Tengchong, Gongshan) (Fig. 16).Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Zhou, Guchun, Irfan, Muhammad, Yang, Sufang & Peng, Xianjin, 2020, Five new species of Meta Koch, 1836 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, China, pp. 1-25 in European Journal of Taxonomy 624 on pages 18-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.624, http://zenodo.org/record/375114
Photograph of a bust of the author Tasma
No full textPhotograph of a bust of the author Tasma (Jessie Catherine Couvreur). Pencilled on verso of photo 'Tasma - enlargement of an original lent to H.M. Green? by Mrs Erdos, a neice of Tasma
Annealing effects on the interfacial properties of GaN MOS prepared by photo-enhanced wet oxidation
No full textIsogeometric analysis for multi-patch structured Kirchhoff–Love shells
No full textWe present an isogeometric method for Kirchhoff–Love shell analysis of shell structures with geometries composed of multiple patches and which possibly possess extraordinary vertices, i.e. vertices with a valency different to four. The proposed isogeometric shell discretisation is based on the one hand on the approximation of the mid-surface by a particular class of multi-patch surfaces, called analysis-suitable G1 (Collin et al., 2016), and on the other hand on the use of the globally C1-smooth isogeometric multi-patch spline space (Farahat et al., 2023). We use our developed technique within an isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell formulation (Kiendl et al., 2009) to study linear and non-linear shell problems on multi-patch structures. Thereby, the numerical results show the great potential of our method for efficient shell analysis of geometrically complex multi-patch structures which cannot be modelled without the use of extraordinary vertices.Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the paper. A. Farahat and M. Kapl have been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the project P 33023-N. H.M. Verhelst is grateful for the funding from Delft University of Technology. J. Kiendl has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 864482). Additionally, the authors are grateful for the support from the developers of the Geometry + Simulation Modules, in particular from A. Mantzaflaris (Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée). Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the paper. A. Farahat and M. Kapl have been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the project P 33023-N . H.M. Verhelst is grateful for the funding from Delft University of Technology . J. Kiendl has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 864482 ). Additionally, the authors are grateful for the support from the developers of the Geometry + Simulation Modules, in particular from A. Mantzaflaris (Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée).Numerical AnalysisShip Hydromechanics and Structure
Samuel H.M. Byers; Poet; Author; Diplomat; Oskaloosa; Iowa; Mahaska County; Iowa
No full textThis is a photograph taken of Samuel H.M. Byers at the onset of the Civil War in 1861. Byers served in the Union Army during the Civil War and gained a great deal of inspiration for his poetic writing during the war. Byers's most famous work is a poem entitled "Sherman's March to the Sea" recapping events that took place during this famous piece of American history. Byers is also credited with writing the state song of Iowa, played to the melody of "O, Christmas Tree". After gaining fame and fortune from his writing, Byers pursued a career in diplomacy, serving in the U.S. Consulate in Switzerland and Italy. Byers then came back to the U.S., living out the remainder of his days in Los Angeles, California. Byers died in 1933, at the age 95
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