1,721,254 research outputs found
High carbonated soft drink consumption is associated with externalizing but not internalizing behaviours among university students in five ASEAN states
Get PDFBackground: The investigation aimed to estimate the association between carbonated soft drink consumption frequency and externalizing and internalizing behaviour among university students in five ASEAN counties.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey included 3353 university students from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, median age 20 years (interquartile range 3 years).
Results: In all five ASEAN countries, the study found a prevalence no soft drink consumption in the past 30 days of 20.3%, less than one time a day 44.7%, once a day 25.4% and two or more times a day 9.6%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, higher frequency of soft drink consumption (one and/or two or more times a day) was associated with externalizing behaviour (in physical fight, injury, current tobacco use, problem drinking, drug use, pathological internet use and gambling behaviour), and higher frequency of soft drink consumption (two or more times a day) was associated with depression in females, but no association was found for the general student population in relation to internalizing behaviour (depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and sleeping problem).
Conclusions: Findings suggest that carbonated soft drink consumption is associated with a number of externalizing but not internalizing health risk behaviour
The use of herbal medicines among chronic disease patients in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey
Get PDFBackground: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of herbal medicine use among chronic disease patients in health care settings in Thailand.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 1374 adult chronic disease patients (median age 60 years) were consecutively sampled from health care facilities in Thailand. Logistic regression was used to estimate the independent predictors of herbal medicine use in the past 12 months.
Results: The prevalence of herbal medicine use in the past 12 months was 35.9%. Of participants who were using herbal medicine in the past 12 month, 53.7% used it for treating a long-term health condition, 40.0% used herbal medicine in order to improve well-being and 6.3% for treating an acute illness. More than half of the herbal medicine users (57.2%) rated their herbal medicine use as very helpful, 33.3% as somewhat helpful and 6.5% not at all helpful or do not know. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, having Grade 6 to 12 education (Odds Ratio-OR: 1.71, Confidence Interval-CI: 1.04, 2.82), rural residence (OR: 0.76, CI: 0.60, 0.97), other religion (OR: 0.57, CI: 0.35, 0.97), anxiety (OR: 1.64, CI: 1.25, 2.16), low quality of life (OR: 0.42, CI: 0.31, 0.56) and having multiple chronic conditions (OR: 1.82, CI: 1.30, 2.56) were associated with past 12-month herbal medicine use. Further, in adjusted logistic regression analysis, having arthritis, asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, gastrointestinal disease, dyslipidaemia were positively and hypertension negatively associated with past 12-month herbal medicine use.
Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of herbal medicine use among chronic disease patients in Thailand. Several factors (education, rural residence, anxiety, low quality of life and multiple chronic conditions) associated with herbal medicine use were identified. This knowledge will support health care providers and policy makers in decision making on the use of herbal medicin
Unintentional injuries and socio-psychological correlates among school-going adolescents in four ASEAN countries
Get PDFObjectives: The study aimed to report the prevalence and socio-psychological correlates of non-fatal injury among school adolescents in four ASEAN countries.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional research data from the 2015 “Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS)” included 29,480 school adolescents (mean age 14.5 years, standard deviation=1.6) that were representative of all students in secondary school.
Results: The proportion of participants with one or multiple serious past-year injuries was 36.9% (21.4% once and 15.4% multiple times). The most frequent cause of the reported injury was “I fell” (10.2%) and motor vehicle (5.8%) and the most common form of injury was “a broken bone or dislocated joint” (8.1%) and “cut, puncture or stab wound” (3.4%). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, male sex, experiencing hunger, substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, amphetamine and soft drinks), school truancy, participating in physical education classes and psychological distress were associated with one and/or multiple injuries. Parental or guardian support decreased the odds of one annual injury. Compared to students from Indonesia, students from Laos had a lower odd for injury and students from the Philippines and Thailand had higher odds for injury.
Conclusion: Several variables, such as male sex, food insecurity, substance use, truancy, physical education and psychological distress, were identified that could be targeted in injury prevention programs in this school populatio
Prevalence and associated factors of enacted, internalized and anticipated stigma among people living with HIV in South Africa: results of the first national survey
Get PDFBackground: This paper reports on the first national implementation of the “People Living with
HIV (PLHIV) Stigma Index” in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the
prevalence and correlates of HIV-related stigma in a large sample of PLHIV in South Africa.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey interviewed 10,473 PLHIV 15 years and older with
the PLHIV Stigma Index in two districts per province (N=9) in South Africa in 2014.
Results: The two most common enacted HIV-related stigma items were “being gossiped
about” (20.6%) and “experienced discrimination” (15.1%); internalized stigma was ”blaming
oneself” (30.5%) and ashamed (28.7%); avoidance due to internalized stigma was “decided
not to have (more) children” (32.4%) and “decided not to get married” (14.9%), and the two
most endorsed anticipated stigma were “being gossiped about” (28.6%) and not want to be
sexually intimate (21.1%) Various sociodemographic factors, such as younger age, being
female, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) and lower wealth status, and healthrelated variables, such as poorer self-rated health status, having a physical disability, and not
being a member of an HIV support group, were identified as associated with overall
HIV-related stigma as well as several HIV-related stigma sub-scales.
Conclusion: The majority of PLHIV had overall HIV-related stigma, almost half had
internalized, or anticipated HIV-related stigma and a minority had enacted HIV-related
stigma. Findings can be used to guide intervention programs to reduce HIV-related stigma
in South Afric
Prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity among women in India: results from the National Family Health Survey 2015-2016
Get PDFObjective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight or obesity among women in India.
Subjects and methods: In a population-based cross-sectional 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey, ever married non-pregnant women (18–49 years) were interviewed and assessed with anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measures.
Results: The total sample included 5,82,320 non-pregnant women 18–49 years, median age 31 years, interquartile range =16 years, from India. Overall, 20.1% of the women were underweight [body mass index (BMI) m2,] and 36.3% were overweight, or had class I or class II obesity (BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2,). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, younger age, lower education, lower wealth status, not eating daily fruits, vegetables, fried food, belonging to the scheduled tribe and tobacco use were associated with underweight, while older age, higher education, higher wealth, belonging to other backward class or other, urban residence, daily fruit consumption, daily fried food consumption, having hypertension, heart disease and high or very high blood glucose levels were associated with overweight or obesity. Belonging to the scheduled caste and tobacco use were negatively associated with overweight or obesity.
Conclusions: A high dual burden of both underweight and overweight or obesity was observed among women in India. Sociodemographic and health variables were identified as risk factors for both underweight and overweight or obesity, which can be utilized in informing intervention strategie
Early substance use initiation and psychological distress among adolescents in five ASEAN countries: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFAim: The study aimed to assess the associations between substance use early initiation (<12 years) (smoking cigarettes, alcohol and drug use) with psychological distress among adolescents in five ASEAN countries.
Methods: Cross-sectional data were analysed from 33,184 school adolescents, with a median age of 14 years, from Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand and Timor-Leste that took part in the “Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)” in 2015.
Results: The overall prevalence of pre-adolescent (<12 years) cigarette use was 10.6%, 8.1% pre-adolescent current alcohol use, and 4.2% pre-adolescent drug use initiation. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, pre-adolescent initiation of cigarette smoking, pre-adolescent initiation of alcohol use, pre-adolescent initiation of drug use and multi-substance pre-adolescent initiation were highly associated with medium (=1) and high (=2–5) psychological distress (of five psychological distress items: no close friends, loneliness, anxiety, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt). Late initiation of cigarette use and late initiation of drug use were not associated with medium and/or high psychological distress.
Conclusion: Early prevention programmes should target concurrent early substance use initiation in order to prevent possible subsequent psychological distres
Use of traditional medicines and traditional practitioners by children in Indonesia: findings from a national population survey in 2014-2015
Get PDFBackground: Little data are available about traditional and complementary medicine use in children in the general population in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The aim of this investigation was to assess the prevalence of the use of traditional medicines and traditional practitioners in children in a national population-based survey in Indonesia.
Methods: The cross-sectional sample included 15,739 children (0–14 years) (median age 7.0 years, inter quartile range =7.0) that took part in the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 2014–2015.
Results: The prevalence of use of traditional medicines as a treatment in the past four weeks was 6.2%, vitamins or supplements 19.9%, and over-the-counter modern medicine 61.1%. The prevalence of traditional practitioner use in the past 4 weeks was 3.4%, and the prevalence of the use of traditional medicines and/or traditional practitioner in the past 4 weeks was 8.8%. The purpose of consulting the traditional practitioner was mainly massage (86.8%) and treatment for illness (14.8%). In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, having a birth certificate (as a proxy for better economic status) and poor self-rated health were associated with traditional medicine use. Younger age and poor self-rated health were associated with traditional practitioners use.
Conclusion: A high prevalence of traditional medicine use in children in Indonesia was found, and several social factors and poor health status of its use were identifie
Sedentary behaviour and sleep problems among young, middle-aged, and older persons in South Africa: a brief report
No full textThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between sedentary behaviour and sleep problems in a large national community sample in South Africa. We analysed an existing cross-sectional population data set, the “South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey”. The sample included 13 555 individuals (median age 34.0 years, interquartile range 25, range 15–98 years). Overall, the study population engaged < 4 hours (49.5%), 4 – < 8 hours (37.2%), 8 – < 11 hours (9.7%), and 11 or more hours (3.6%) in sedentary time a day. The prevalence of sleeping problems was 6.4% and 6.7% in the less than 4 and less than 8 hours sedentary time categories, respectively. The prevalence of sleeping problems was 9.8% and 9.4% in the less than 11 hours and 11 or more hours sedentary time categories, respectively. In the final adjusted logistic regression model, among 50 years and older, the highest sedentary time category was associated with sleep problems, while there was no association in the younger (15–49 years) age group and in the overall model. This could mean that persons at older age with sedentary behaviour are at an increased risk of sleep problem
High alcohol use and misuse in a representative sample of in-school adolescents in the Seychelles
No full textThe goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among adolescents in the 2015 Seychelles Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). In all, 2 540 students (median age = 14 years, interquartile range = 12–16) filled in a questionnaire in the cross-sectional GSHS. Results indicate that 47.6% were drinking alcohol in the past month, 42.6% reported lifetime drunkenness, 23.1% reported heavy drinking (≥2 alcoholic drinks/day in the past month), and 15.7% reported problem-drinking. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age, tobacco use, amphetamine use, sexual risk behaviour, school truancy, physical fighting, injury, and low parental support were associated with current drinking and/or drunkenness, heavy drinking, and problem-drinking. A high prevalence of alcohol consumption was found; calling for intervention programmes in preventing alcohol misus
Behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases among a nationally representative sample of school-going adolescents in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of behavioral non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Indonesia.
Methods: Cross-sectional national data were analyzed from 11,124 in-school adolescents (mean age 14.0 years) of the Indonesia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2015. Seven behavioral NCD risk factors (substance use, dietary behavior, overweight or obesity, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior) were assessed by questionnaire in a classroom setting.
Results: The prevalence of low physical activity was 87.8%, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake 76.8%, having soft drinks daily 27.9%, leisure-time sedentary behavior 27.3%, overweight or obesity 15.8%, current tobacco use 12.8%, and alcohol use 4.4%. From the seven behavioral NCD risk factors, the mean was 2.5 (SD=1.0), and almost half (46.5%) had at least three risk factors. In adjusted linear regression analysis, being a boy, increasing age and psychological distress increased the odds and hunger or food insecurity and parental support decreased the odds for having behavioral risk factors.
Conclusion: A high co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors was identified. Several risk factors (older age, boys, distress, and poor parental support) were identified that can be targeted in intervention program
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