1,721,688 research outputs found
Ultrasound and water in the stratum corneum
No full textBecause the penetration depth of ultrasound waves is inversely related to their frequency, high-frequency ultrasound (20 to 150 MHz) can be employed for the study of the skin, which, thanks to its superficial location, can be explored achieving a high resolution and magnification.1-16 The generation and detection of ultrasound is based on the pulse-echo principle: 17,18 Employing 20 MHz B-scanning, each echo signal is converted into a pixel, which is depicted by one false color out of 256 colors composing a fictional scale, where 0 corresponds to absence of echogenicity and 255 to maximum in echogenicity. Thus, a cross-sectional image of the skin is represented on the monitor. The positioning of each pixel from the surface to the depth is established according to the interval between echo transmission and echo return (assuming a constant velocity throughout the tissue of 1580 m/s
Computational neural network in melanocytic lesions diagnosis: artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis in dermatology?
No full textDiagnosis in dermatology is largely based on contextual factors going far beyond the visual and dermoscopic inspection of a lesion. Diagnostic tools such as the different types of dermoscopy, confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are available and all of these have shown their importance in improving the dermatologist's ability, especially in the diagnosis of skin cancer. Their use, however, remains limited and time consuming, and optimizing their practice appears to be difficult, requiring extensive pre-processing, lesion segmentation and extraction of domain-specific visual features before classification. Over the last two decades, image recognition has been a matter of interest in a large part of our society and in industry, leading to the development of several techniques such as convolutional processing combined with artificial intelligence or neural networks (CNN/ANN). The aim of the present manuscript is to provide a short overview of the most recent data about CNN in the field of dermatology, mainly in skin cancer detection and its diagnosis
Rheological Investigations of Clay Suspensions for the Optimization of Deflocculation Process
No full textThe rheological properties of clay aqueous suspensions are investigated in order to optimize the deflocculating dosages. The effects of four deflocculants have been investigated on the slip casting performance. The laboratory study on the deflocculation of casting slips has yielded the parameters from which the most efficient and economically advantageous deflocculant or mixture of deflocculants can be proposed for each ceramic body
New insights from non‐invasive imaging: from prospection of skin photodamages to training with mobile application
No full textThe incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer is on the rise and melanoma is among the most common cancers in the United States. Establishing an early diagnosis is essential for improving the prognosis of patients with skin cancer. High‐resolution non‐invasive imaging techniques may represent key tools for helping to identify and monitor early signs of skin cancer in seemingly healthy skin. Cumulative lifetime sun exposure leads to photoaging and photocarcinogenenis and the reaction of the skin to this solar‐induced damage is balanced between the DNA repair and photoprotection defence mechanisms of melanocytes and keratinocytes. In the first part of this article we provide an overview of these defence mechanisms and of the photoaging process, and discuss how non‐invasive imaging can be used to evaluate these changes. We then propose a model in which skin aging manifestations can be classified according to subject‐specific sun‐damage reaction profiles observed by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These photoaging profiles include an atrophic phenotype characterized by actinic keratosis, and a hypertrophic phenotype characterized by hyperplastic pigmented skin. According to our model, these phenotypes may be predictive of predispositions to different types of skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma for the atrophic phenotype and lentigo maligna and freckles for the hypertrophic phenotype. In addition to RCM and OCT, dermoscopy is another non‐invasive technique that has improved the diagnosis of skin cancer. In the second part of this article, we describe how the YouDermoscopy™ application can improve skills and thus enhance the dermoscopic recognition of sun‐induced skin tumours, and then show how this training tool enables its users to collaborate with dermatologists worldwide to obtain second opinions for the diagnosis of ambiguous lesions. Altogether, RCM, OCT and dermoscopy are valuable tools that can contribute significantly to improving the early diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions
La necropoli di Casinalbo (Formigine, Modena)
No full textIl contributo presenta i risultati delle campagne di scavo condotte fino al 2003 nelal necropoli di Casinalbo (Modena)databile fra Bronzo medio e recente. Particolare attenzione è riposta alla definizione della cronologia
Binary and ternary mixtures of deflocculant additives for whiteware slurries
No full textIn the traditional ceramic field, during the wet grinding stage liquid mixtures of additives are commonly used to guarantee high solids content (65-72 wt%) and a viscosity low enough to allow the suspension's workability. These characteristics are indispensable for using the new technologies for wet grinding (cylindrical and conical continuous mills) that require only 3-4 h of milling and permit considerable productivity (20 t/h). This work reports a laboratory study on the rheological behavior of whiteware slurries added with binary and ternary deflocculant mixtures
Confocal Microscopy
No full textDescription
This issue of Dermatologic Clinics, guest edited by Jane M. Grant-Kels, Giovanni Pellacani, and Caterina Longo, is devoted to Confocal Microscopy. Articles in this timely issue include: Basics of Confocal Microscopy and the Complexity of Diagnosing Skin Tumors: New Imaging Tools in Clinical Practice, Diagnostic Workflows, Cost-estimate and New Trends; Opening a Window Into Living Tissue: Histopathologic Features of Confocal Microscopic Findings in Skin Tumors; Addressing the Issue of Discriminating Nevi from Early Melanomas: Dues and Pitfalls; Melanoma Types and Melanoma Progression: The Different Faces; Lentigo Maligna, Macules of the Face and Lesions on Sun-damaged Skin: Confocal makes the Difference; Glowing in the dark: use of confocal microscopy in dark pigmented lesions; Enlightening the Pink: Use of Confocal Microscopy in Pink Lesions; Shining into the White: The Spectrum of Epithelial Tumors from Actinic Keratosis to SCC; Application of Wide-probe and Handy-probe for Skin Cancer Diagnosis: Pros and Cons; Confocal Microscopy for Special Sites and Special Uses; Confocal Algorithms for Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Hair Diseases; In Vivo and Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy for Dermatologic and Mohs’ Surgeons; Telediagnosis with Confocal Microscopy: A Reality or a Dream?; “Well-aging": Early Detection of Skin Aging Signs; The Role of Confocal Microscopy in Clinical Trials for Treatment Monitoring; and Fluorescence (multiwave) Confocal Microscopy
Picosecond laser for atrophic surgical scars treatment: in vivo monitoring of results by means of reflectance confocal microscopy.
No full textn/
- …
