167,039 research outputs found
Peer Review for Journals: Evidence on Quality Control, Fairness, and Innovation
No full textI reviewed the published empirical evidence concerning journal peer review, which consisted of 68 papers, all but three published since 1975. Peer review improves quality, but its use to screen papers has met with limited success. Current procedures to assure quality and fairness seem to discourage scientific advancement, especially important innovations, because findings that conflict with current beliefs are often judged to have defects. Editors can use procedures to encourage the publication of papers with innovative findings such as invited papers, early-acceptance procedures, author nominations of reviewers, results-blind reviews, structured rating sheets, open peer review, and, in particular, electronic publication. Some journals are currently using these procedures. The basic principle behind the proposals is to change the decision from whether to publish a paper to how to publish itpeer review, journals, publications
Peer-to-peer based grid workflow runtime environment of SwinDeW-G
No full textNowadays, grid and peer-to-peer (p2p) technologies have become popular solutions for large-scale resource sharing and system integration. For e-science workflow systems, grid is a convenient way of constructing new services by composing existing services, while p2p is an effective approach to eliminate the performance bottlenecks and enhance the scalability of the systems. However, existing workflow systems focus either on p2p or grid environments and therefore cannot take advantage of both technologies. It is desirable to incorporate the two technologies in workflow systems. SwinDeW-G (Swinburne Decentralised Workflow for Grid) is a novel hybrid decentralised workflow management system facilitating both grid and p2p technologies. It is derived from the former p2p based SwinDeW system but redeveloped as grid services with communications between peers conducted in a p2p fashion. This paper describes the system design and functions of the runtime environment of SwinDeW-G
A Survey of Peer-to-Peer Architectures for Service Oriented Computing
No full textPeer-to-peer file sharing has become popular for many kinds of resource location and distribution applications including file sharing, distributed computation, multi-media messaging and content distribution. Peer-to-peer approaches also have significant potential for supporting large scale, decentralised service oriented computing. This chapter discusses each class of contemporary P2P architecture in turn and discusses the suitability of each architecture class for supporting service oriented computing. Future trends in peer-to-peer architectures are then discussed and multi-layer peer-to-peer architectures are highlighted as a promising platform for supporting service oriented computing. This chapter then concludes with a discussion of outstanding issues that must be addressed before peer-to-peer architectures can offer adequate support for service oriented computing
A Sybilproof Indirect Reciprocity Mechanism for Peer-to-Peer Networks
No full textAlthough direct reciprocity (Tit-for-Tat) contribution systems have been successful in reducing free-loading in peer-to-peer overlays, it has been shown that, unless the contribution network is dense, they tend to be slow (or may even fail) to converge [1]. On the other hand, current indirect reciprocity mechanisms based on reputation systems tend to be susceptible to sybil attacks, peer slander and whitewashing.In this paper we present PledgeRoute, an accounting mechanism for peer contributions that is based on social capital. This mechanism allows peers to contribute resources to one set of peers and use this contribution to obtain services from a different set of peers, at a different time. PledgeRoute is completely decentralised, can be implemented in both structured and unstructured peer-to-peer systems, and it is resistant to the three kinds of attacks mentioned above.To achieve this, we model contribution transitivity as a routing problem in the contribution network of the peer-to-peer overlay, and we present arguments for the routing behaviour and the sybilproofness of our contribution transfer procedures on this basis. Additionally, we present mechanisms for the seeding of the contribution network, and a combination of incentive mechanisms and reciprocation policies that motivate peers to adhere to the protocol and maximise their service contributions to the overlay
Peer Networking and Community Change: Improving Foundation Practice
No full text· This article brings together the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s 15 years of experience with peer networking— examining through two research studies the process of peer networking and its impact, both with community-based and funder groups.
· Peer networking helps people with common interests to exchange information, disseminate good practices, and build a leadership structure for work they do together, such as a community change initiative.
· Casey’s research identified 10 good practices for effective peer networking, as well as 10 challenges that can affect its success; a four-level model was created to provide context for these findings.
· The research indicates that peer networking can have significant impact for communities and in meeting philanthropic goals, but it is costly and must be carefully structured if it is to be successful.
· Casey is working to synthesize its peer networking practices into a more strategic framework, and other foundations might use some of its lessons learned to enhance their own practices in this area
When Peer-to-Peer comes Face-to-Face: Collaborative Peer-to-Peer Computing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
No full textThis paper motivates and describes the notion of mobile ad hoc information systems. Such a system consists of a decentralized and self-organizing network of autonomous, mobile devices that interact as peers. Connectivity is determined by distance between devices; as hosts change their physical location they establish pair-wise communication links based on mutual proximity. We describe application scenarios for mobile ad hoc information systems and identify technical challenges of a generic software infrastructure. Moreover, we present the goals and architecture of Proem, a peer-to-peer system and development platform for mobile ad hoc applications. Proem has successfully been used as instructional tool in an advanced software engineering course on peer-to-peer computing
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Arts university student mentors and gallery peer leaders: partnerships for learning
No full textThis case study describes a partnership between University College Falmouth (UCF) and Tate St. Ives (TSI). Framed within a national Enquire project (one strand of a DCMS funded commissioning programme) investigating the learning benefits of gallery education, the report tells the story of a successful collaboration which engaged undergraduate Art student mentors from UCF in a peer leadership project at TSI. The project was evaluated using an innovative action research model to explore peer learning through engagement. Outcomes suggest undergraduate student mentors enhanced their learning in a number of ways: experientially developing the ‘soft’ transferable skills related to employability in the arts; improving their knowledge of employment opportunities in gallery settings; gaining competence in action research
When Open Hypermedia Meets Peer-to-Peer Computing
No full textWe describe the extension to our previous work on a Web-based peer-to-peer open hypermedia system, the DDLS. We enrich the peer model by introducing query history, and propose the use of the naive estimator which utilises the local knowledge of peers to estimate future information needs they would encounter. Our simulation proves that this statistical technique helps re-organise the DDLS peer network to enhance the performance of resource discovery
A peer-to-peer infrastructure for resilient web services
No full textThis work is funded by GR/M78403 “Supporting Internet Computation in Arbitrary Geographical Locations” and GR/R51872 “Reflective Application Framework for Distributed Architectures”, and by Nuffield Grant URB/01597/G “Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure for Autonomic Storage Architectures”This paper describes an infrastructure for the deployment and use of Web Services that are resilient to the failure of the nodes that host those services. The infrastructure presents a single interface that provides mechanisms for users to publish services and to find hosted services. The infrastructure supports the autonomic deployment of services and the brokerage of hosts on which services may be deployed. Once deployed, services are autonomically managed in a number of aspects including load balancing, availability, failure detection and recovery, and lifetime management. Services are published and deployed with associated metadata describing the service type. This same metadata may be used subsequently by interested parties to discover services. The infrastructure uses peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay technologies to abstract over the underlying network to deploy and locate instances of those services. It takes advantage of the P2P network to replicate directory services used to locate service instances (for using a service), Service Hosts (for deployment of services) and Autonomic Managers which manage the deployed services. The P2P overlay network is itself constructed using novel Web Services-based middleware and a variation of the Chord P2P protocol, which is self-managing
Student experiences of peer review marking of team projects
No full textPeer review of students is a partial response to critics of group work who cite drawbacks of "free riders" and de-motivation. It is often used to motivate and focus students on their own development within a group work setting. Pressures of time, budget and student numbers often obviate deeper study of alternative assessment techniques. The study reported in this paper, made possible by an HEA grant, allowed for analysis of a peer review mechanism that had been operating for a number of years alongside a new web-based system. The paper reviews criticisms of peer review techniques in existing literature and outlines how student experiences of peer review were researched. Qualitative outcomes are discussed alongside an analysis of quantitative data from the systems used. Key conclusions from this research are that the data collection method made no significant difference to the reported student experiences of peer review or to the peer review marks. The findings update and strengthen previous literature and provide important new insights into the emotional perspective of students. The findings from this research are being used to aid development of the webbased system and to establish 'good practice' guidance on the deployment of this valuable and innovative technique
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