1,721,062 research outputs found
Postoperative analgesia in rhino surgery: An effective regimen with tramadol plus acetaminophen
No full textAim. The aim of this study was to assess the level of pain in patients undergoing to septo- and septorhinoplasty in order to develop an adequate protocol with tramadol plus acetaminophen. Methods. A group of 295 patients underwent septoplasty (group 1) and septorhinoplasty (group 2). In order to evaluate pain a visual analogical scale was used (VAS) 0, 4,12, 20 h postoperatively. The analgesic protocol began 10 minutes before the end of surgical procedure, and provided the infusion of acetaminophen (1 g) plus tramadol (1.5 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after surgery patients were treated with tramadol (200 mg) plus metoclopramide (10 mg in 500 mL of electrolytic solution) at 63 mL/h in continuous intravenous infusion. Paracetamol 1 g i.v. at 400 mL/h was administered after 8 hours, at the end of the first drug infusion. If VAS was equal or higher than 3 a rescue dose tramadol 50 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg in 100 mL of NaCl 0.9% at 400 mL/h was administered. At day one intravenous therapy was stopped and replaced with oral administration of acetaminophen, 500 mg twice a day. Results. A good control of postoperative pain was obtained in 96.8% (group 1) and 81.4% (group 2) of the patients 4 hours after surgery. No significant differences were found with regard to pain scores and side effects. Conclusion. A protocol with tramadol and acetaminophen is extremely efficacious in the treatment of postoperative pain in the septo- and septorhinoplasty patients, with low rate of side effects
Nasal Cytology Changes in Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: A Systemic Review
Full text linkNasal cytology is a non-invasive, low-cost exam that can help physicians in the diagnosis of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, discriminating between different nasal disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze the current knowledge about nasal cytological examination in head and neck cancer, with a specific focus on the effects of different treatments. Indeed, nasal cytology is important to choose the best treatment for nasal complaints in each patient. A review of the English literature (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane) was performed (5404 records screened). The inclusion criteria were clinical trials, cohort studies, case–control studies, case series, and case reports regarding nasal cytology in head and neck cancer treatment. Exclusion criteria were as follows: non-human studies, non-English literature, non-cytological evaluations. Two independent reviewers, working separately, extracted the data from all the eligible studies, which were subsequently cross-checked. Five studies were included in qualitative synthesis: three assessed mucosal disorders after radiation therapy and two after total laryngectomy. Radiotherapy can determine mucous or squamous cell metaplasia and neutrophil inflammation. Laryngectomees show hyperplasia of the basal zone cells and mucous cell metaplasia, and they do not develop inflammatory changes. The main limitation of this review is the low number and heterogeneity of studies present in the literature. In conclusion, nasal cytology is useful and allows for identifying mucosal disorders of the nasal cavities after surgery and/or radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. This can help physicians to better treat the nasal complaints of such patients
- …
