1,721,086 research outputs found
Compositional variations of the Plio-Quaternary magmatism in the circum-Tyrrhenian area: deep- vs. shallow-mantle processes
No full textUpper mantle domains beneath Central-Southern Italy: Petrological, geochemical and geophysical constraints
No full textThe Italian peninsula shows high complexity of the mantle-crust system and of the Plio-Quaternary magmatism. The lithospheric thickness has remarkable lateral variations from about 110 km to about 30 km. Intermediate and deep-focus earthquakes indicate the presence of a lithospheric slab under the Aeolian-Calabrian area and at the southern end of Campania. Much less extensive intermediate-depth seismicity characterizes the Roman-Tuscany region, where the existence of a relic slab has been hypothesized. The deep seismicity in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea is associated with active calcalkaline to shoshonitic volcanism in the Aeolian arc. Alkaline potassic volcanism occurs in central Italy, and potassic lamproitic magmatism coexists with crustal anatectic and various types of hybrid rocks in the Tuscany area.¶The parallelism between changing magmatism and variation of the structure of the crust-mantle system makes central-southern Italy a key place where petrological and geophysical data can be used to work out an integrated model of the structure and composition of the upper mantle. Beneath Tuscany the upper mantle has been affected by intensive subduction-related metasomatism. This caused the formation of phlogopite-rich veins that cut through residual spinel-harzburgite and dunite. These veins, possibly partially molten, may explain the unusually soft mechanical properties that are detected just below the Moho. In the Roman Province, the upper mantle is formed by a relatively thin lid (the mantle part of the lithosphere) and by metasomatic fertile peridotite, probably connected with the upraise of an asthenospheric mantle wedge above the Apennines subduction zone. Geochemical data indicate that metasomatism, though still related to subduction, had different characteristics and age than in Tuscany. In the eastern sector of the Aeolian arc and in the Neapolitan area, the upper mantle appears to be distinct from the Roman and Tuscany areas and is probably formed by fertile peridotite contaminated by the presently active subduction of the Ionian Sea floor.¶The overall picture is that of a mosaic of various mantle domains that have undergone different evolutionary history in terms of both metasomatism and pre-metasomatic events. The coexistence side by side of these sectors is a key factor that has to be considered by models of the geodynamic evolution of the Central Mediterranean area
Petrological and geochimical variations of Plio-Quaternary volcanism in the Tyrrhenian Sea area: regional distribution of magma types, petrogenesis and geodynamic implication
No full textDiamond-bearing COHS fluids in the mantle beneath Hawaii
No full textWe apply Raman microspectroscopy to exceptionally high-density CO2 (+H2O+H2S) fluid inclusions containing nanocrystalline diamonds, which are present in garnet pyroxenites from Salt Lake Crater from Oahu (Hawaii), and show for the first time the presence of free diamond-bearing carbonate-rich fluids/melts, originated within the asthenospheric mantle at depths greater than 150 km, in the diamond stability field. We argue that these fluids can migrate, generate compositional and rheological modifications to form small-scale fluid-rich regions beneath Hawaii, which are easily melted to give enriched basaltic magmas at normal mantle temperatures
Carbonate metasomatism and CO2 lithosphere-asthenosphere degassing beneath the Western Mediterranean: An integrated model arising from petrological and geophysical data
No full textWe present an integrated petrological, geochemical, and geophysical model that offers an explanation for the present-day anomalously high non-volcanic deep (mantle derived) CO2 emission in the Tyrrhenian region. We investigate how decarbonation or melting of carbonate-rich lithologies from a subducted lithosphere may affect the efficiency of carbon release in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. We propose that melting of sediments and/or continental crust of the subducted Adriatic-Ionian (African) lithosphere at pressure greater than 4 GPa (130 km) may represent an efficient mean for carbon cycling into the upper mantle and into the exosphere in the Western Mediterranean area. Melting of carbonated lithologies, induced by the progressive rise of mantle temperatures behind the eastward retreating Adriatic-Ionian subducting plate, generates low fractions of carbonate-rich (hydrous-silicate) melts. Due to their low density and viscosity, such melts can migrate upward through the mantle, forming a carbonated partially molten CO2-rich mantle recorded by tomographic images in the depth range from 130 to 60 km. Upwelling in the mantle of carbonate-rich melts to depths less than 60-70 km, induces massive outgassing of CO2. Buoyancy forces, probably favored by fluid overpressures, are able to allow migration of CO2 from the mantle to the surface, through deep lithospheric faults, and its accumulation beneath the Moho and within the lower crust. The present model may also explain CO2 enrichment of the Etna active volcano. Deep CO2 cycling is tentatively quantified in terms of conservative carbon mantle flux in the investigated area. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Modeling the plumbing system of active volcanoes by integrated petrological, geophysical and fluid inclusion studies.
No full textEarth’s CO2 degassing in Italy
No full textEarth’s CO2 emission in Italy includes both volcanic and non-volcanic degassing, with measured CO2 fluxes of about 35 - 60 Mt/y. Zones of non-volcanic CO2 emission include Tuscany, Latium, Campania, the Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia. Volcanic emissions are particularly abundant at Mt. Etna in Sicily, but also at Vesuvio, Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Vulcano, and Stromboli, in Central-Southern Italy. The anomalous CO2 emission in Italy is related to the complex geodynamic evolution of this area, in which upper crustal rocks, including carbonate sediments, have been introduced into the upper mantle by Oligocene to present subduction processes. Integrated petrological, geochemical and geophysical data allow us to work out a model for the generation of anomalously high lithospheric CO2 fluxes. Melting of sediments and/or continental crust of the subducted Adriatic-Ionian (African) lithosphere at pressure greater than 4 GPa (130 km) is proposed to represent an efficient mean for deep carbon cycling into the upper mantle and into the exosphere in the Western Mediterranean area. Melting of carbonated lithologies, induced by the progressive rise of mantle temperatures behind the eastward retreating Adriatic-Ionian subducting plate formed a carbonated partially molten CO2-rich mantle in the depth range from 130 km to 70 km. Further upwelling of carbonate-rich melts induces massive outgassing of CO2. Buoyancy forces, probably favored by fluid overpressures, are able to allow migration of CO2 from the mantle to the surface, through deep lithospheric faults, and its accumulation beneath the Moho, and within the lower crust
Hydrogeological and geochemical characterisation of the Rock of Orvieto
Full text linkhe town of Orvieto, located on the Rock of the same name, is an example of “vulnerable town”; problems of slope instability connected with the lithological and morphological characteristics of the Rock have been thoroughly examined and discussed during previous research studies. Hydrogeochemical data about groundwater recharging the springs present in the area were never taken into account. Pollution of the springs is well known but still occurs for unclear reasons. The aim of this work is therefore to present the results of a hydrogeological and geochemical investigation of all the springs along the slopes of Orvieto hill and at the foot of the tuffaceous Rock, to characterize the groundwater flow paths and to suggest a possible source of contamination. The research study was carried out during three hydrogeochemical surveys in the years 1998–1999, 2003–2004, and 2007–2008
The Vedrette di Ries (Rieserferner) plutonic complex: petrological and geochemical data bearing on its genesis.
No full textREE distribution in the Cima di Vila (Zinsnock) granodioritic complex and its petrogenetic significance (Eastern Alps, Italy).
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