196,801 research outputs found
Didattica metacognitiva e apprendimento a distanza: uno studio condotto presso un corso di "Psicologia Cognitiva dell'Apprendimento" della SSIS del Veneto
No full textL’idea di base che la ricerca intendeva verificare è che la trasmissione di questi contenuti, inseriti in un contesto di didattica metacognitiva tesa a stimolare la riflessione sul funzionamento della mente e sulle dinamiche cognitive e motivazionali implicate nell’apprendimento scolastico, potesse: 1 migliorare le competenze metacognitive dei corsisti, 2. predisporli a una pratica didattica di tipo metacognitivo, 3. indurre teorie del sé e stili attributivi più funzionali a livello motivazionale, 4. migliorare il vissuto emotivo rispetto al ruolo di insegnante. Abbiamo, inoltre, voluto testare se talune variabili, cognitive, metacognitive e motivazionali, indicate dalla letteratura come rilevanti nell’apprendimento in presenza (Pazzaglia, Moè, Friso e Rizzato, 2002) avessero un ruolo altrettanto rimarchevole nell’apprendimento a distanza. L’indagine ha coinvolto un campione di volontari tra i frequentanti il corso di Psicologia Cognitiva dell’Apprendimento nell’a.a. 2003/2004, a cui sono stati proposti questionari autovalutativi per la misurazione delle conoscenze metacognitive, degli assetti motivazionali e dei vissuti emotivi relativi ai processi di apprendimento e insegnamento. I questionari sono stati compilati all’inizio del corso e alla fine, con lo scopo di verificare l’emergere di differenze statisticamente significative tra le stesse variabili misurate prima e dopo. Abbiamo anche valutato le conoscenze relative alla materia all’inizio del corso e le competenze informatiche, nel tentativo di stabilire se le conoscenze di base sui contenuti del corso on line e la familiarità con il relativo apparato informatico, potessero concorrere, insieme alle altre variabili esaminate, alla prestazione nella prova finale d’esame
Acquiring spatial knowledge from different sources and perspectives: Abilities, strategies and representations.
No full textIn recent years our Memory and Learning lab at the University of Padua has conducted research projects, many of them inspired by Barbara Tversky’s work, to investigate the interactions between individual and environmental variables affecting performance in several spatial tasks: navigation, short-cut finding, map learning, and spatial text comprehension. A variety of methods and tools have been used to do so, from self-reports (questionnaires on sense of direction [SOD], strategies and preferences in spatial representations) to objective measures of spatial abilities and visuospatial working memory (VSWM). Our general goal has been to explore differences and similarities in spatial representations constructed from different sources (navigation, map inspection, spatial texts) and perspectives, and to shed light on whether and how SOD, spatial representation strategies and styles, spatial abilities, and VSWM work together in influencing performance in various spatial tasks.
Studies on this topic originated a long time ago, in 1993, when the first author of this chapter presented a poster together with Cesare Cornoldi at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. It is there that we met Barbara Tversky (and a brilliant PhD student: Holly Taylor), and embarked on a long story of research exchanges and friendship that, some years later, came to involve the second author too. The present chapter is a sign of our grateful acknowledgment of how Barbara continues to inspire our work, and how she brought fresh perspectives to our lives
Ageing- and dementia-friendly design: theory and evidence from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and environmental psychology can contribute to design guidelines that minimise spatial disorientation.
No full textMany older people, both with and without dementia, eventually move from their familiar home environments into unfamiliar surroundings, such as sheltered housing or care homes. Age-related declines in wayfinding skills can make it difficult to learn to navigate in these new, unfamiliar environments. To facilitate the transition to their new accommodation, it is therefore important to develop retirement complexes and care homes specifically designed to reduce the wayfinding difficulties of older people and those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Residential complexes that are designed to support spatial orientation and that compensate for impaired navigation abilities would make it easier for people with dementia to adapt to their new living environment. This would improve the independence, quality of life and well-being of residents, and reduce the caregivers' workload. Based on these premises, this opinion paper considers how evidence from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and environmental psychology can contribute to ageing- and dementia-friendly design with a view to minimising spatial disorientation. After an introduction of the cognitive mechanisms and processes involved in spatial navigation, and the changes that occur in typical and atypical ageing, research from the field of environmental psychology is considered, highlighting design factors likely to facilitate (or impair) indoor wayfinding in complex buildings. Finally, psychological theories and design knowledge are combined to suggest ageing- and dementia-friendly design guidelines that aim to minimise spatial disorientation by focusing on residual navigation skills
The relationship between place attachment and spatial competence patterns in older adults
No full textAlterations in morphology and adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of patched1 heterozygous mice
No full textMany genes controlling neuronal development also regulate adult neurogenesis. We investigated in vivo the effect of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling activation on patterning and neurogenesis of the hippocampus and behavior of Patched1 (Ptch1) heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/−). We demonstrated for the first time, that Ptch1+/− mice exhibit morphological, cellular and molecular alterations in the dentate gyrus (DG), including elongation and reduced width of the DG as well as deregulations at multiple steps during lineage progression from neural stem cells to neurons. By using stage-specific cellular markers, we detected reduction of quiescent stem cells, newborn neurons and astrocytes and accumulation of proliferating intermediate progenitors, indicative of defects in the dynamic transition among neural stages. Phenotypic alterations in Ptch1+/− mice were accompanied by expression changes in Notch pathway downstream components and TLX nuclear receptor, as well as perturbations in inflammatory and synaptic networks and mouse behavior, pointing to complex biological interactions and highlighting cooperation between Shh and Notch signaling in the regulation of neurogenesis. © 2018 Antonelli, Casciati, Tanori, Tanno, Linares-Vidal, Serra, Bellés, Pannicelli, Saran and Pazzaglia
Brain-evoked potentials as a tool for diagnosing neuropathic pain
No full textneuropathic pain is a complex subject, not completely understood yet, and it is quite common in clinical practice, even outside of a neurological context. neuropathic pain, often being a chronic process, alters and profoundly affects the quality of life. there fore, the management of neuropathic pain involves a multidimensional approach, as physicians have to take care not only of the objective aspects of the problem, but also of the subjective experiences of pain. this explains why the attainment of a diagnosis becomes so important, as it allows clinicians to treat the patients with the best therapeutic approach. several studies report the use of brain-evoked potentials for studying patients suffering from neuropathic pain. In particular, laser- and contact heat-evoked potentials have proved useful for the diagnosis of clinical conditions characterized by neuropathic pain. However, although these tools are reliable and safe instruments to assess function of the nociceptive system, their use is still largely confined to research purposes
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Drug reactions affecting hair: diagnosis.
No full textDrugs may cause hair loss, stimulate hair growth, or induce changes in the hair shape and color. Drug-induced hair loss is, in most cases, a consequence of a toxic effect of the drug on the hair matrix. Although a large number of drugs have been occasionally reported to produce hair loss, the relationship between drug intake and hair loss has been proven only for a few agents. Type of hair loss (telogen effluvium, anagen effluvium, or both) depends on the drug, its dosage, and patient's susceptibility. Drug-induced hair loss is usually reversible
Adding two equivalence relations to the interval temporal logic AB
No full textAbstract. The interval temporal logic AB features two modalities that make it possible to access intervals which are adjacent to the right of the current interval (modality 〈A〉) and proper subintervals that have the same left endpoint of it (modality 〈B〉). AB is one of the most significant interval logics, as it allows one to express meaningful (metric) properties, while maintaining decidability (undecidability rules over interval logics, AB is EXPSPACE-complete [14]). In an attempt to capture ωS-regular languages with interval logics [15], it was proved that AB extended with an equivalence relation, denoted AB∼, is decidable (non-primitive re-cursive) on the class of finite linear orders and undecidable on N. The question whether the addition of two or more equivalence relations makes finite satisfiability for AB undecidable was left open. In this paper, we answer this question proving that AB∼1∼2 is undecidable.
Generalized Weakly Hard Schedulability Analysis for Real-Time Periodic Tasks
No full textThe weakly hard real-time model is an abstraction for applications, including control systems, that can tolerate occasional deadline misses, but can also be compromised if a sufficiently high number of late terminations occur in a given time window. The weakly hard model allows us to constrain the maximum number of acceptable missed deadlines in any set of consecutive task executions. A big challenge for weakly hard systems is to provide a schedulability analysis that applies to a general task model, while avoiding excessive pessimism. In this work, we develop a general weakly hard analysis based on a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. The analysis applies to constrained-deadline periodic real-time systems scheduled with fixed priority and no knowledge of the task activation offsets, while allowing for activation jitter. Our analysis considers two common policies for handling missed deadlines, i.e., (i) letting the job continue until completion or (ii) killing its execution immediately. For this policy, ours is the first and only m-k analysis currently available. Experiments conducted on randomly generated task sets show the applicability and accuracy of the proposed technique as well as the improvements with respect to competing techniques
Limiti di memoria e specificità di rappresentazione nel ricordo di descrizioni spaziali "dall'alto" o "entro il percorso"
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