1,721,029 research outputs found
The utility of a well-known personality typology in studying successful aging: Resilients, undercontrollers, and overcontrollers in old age
No full textThis study aims to explore the utility of resilient, overcontrolled and undercontrolled personality prototypes in discriminating 735 elderly Italian adults with regards to their well-being, quality of interpersonal relationships and leisure activities. Prototype membership, corresponding to the three types, was identified through cluster analysis of Big Five self-ratings. The three prototypes clearly differed in terms of their life and health satisfaction. positive affectivity, interpersonal trust, civic and social engagement and leisure activities. Resilients showed the most positive profile; undercontrollers mistrusted their family members, whereas overcontrollers reported particularly low satisfaction and a scarce involvement in social and recreation activities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
The contribution of self-efficacy beliefs to dispositional shyness: On social-cognitive systems and the development of personality dispositions
No full textThis longitudinal research explored the impact of self-efficacy beliefs on self-reported tendencies to experience shyness in interpersonal encounters among a population of adolescents studied over a two-year period. Self-efficacy measures, taken at the initial measurement period, included indices of perceived self-efficacy for forming and maintaining social relationships, dealing effectively with parents, managing negative emotions, and expressing positive emotions towards others. Levels of self-reported shyness as well as emotional stability were assessed also at time 1, with shyness measured again at the follow-up assessment two years later. Structural equation modeling indicated that two of the four self-efficacy measures uniquely contributed to levels of shyness reported at time 1, and that perceptions of social self-efficacy uniquely contributed to shyness at time 2 even when considering the effects of time I shyness levels. Emotional stability did not uniquely contributed to time 2 shyness after considering the relation between shyness at the first and second measurement points. The broad implications of social-cognitive analyses for the study of personality development are discussed
Il ruolo delle convinzioni di efficacia personale e genitoriale rispetto alle condotte delinquenziale e all'uso di sostanze nel corso dell'adolescenza
No full textPersonality Traits and Motives in Table Tennis Players
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate table tennis players’ personality traits and motives in the frame of the Big Five personality model and the self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation. A total of 447 Italian table tennis players ranging in level of play between the regional and international levels participated in the study. They completed a self-report questionnaire measuring their personality traits and motives to play table tennis. Findings showed conscientiousness as the most distinctive trait of table tennis players. No differences were detected between elite and non-elite players. Table tennis players are mainly motivated by factors belonging to the intrinsic pole of the self-determination motivational continuum. External reinforcements represent a minimal incentive to play this sport both for elite and non-elite athletes. The current findings help clarify the relationships between personality traits, playing certain types of sports, and achieving different performance levels. We conclude by outlining implications for applied sport psychology
Being a Successful Adolescent at School and with Peers. The Discriminative Power of a Typological Approach
No full textThis study aims to explore the utility of the resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality prototypes in discriminating adolescents with respect to their academic and social functioning and success. One-hundred and twelve male and 95 female Italian adolescents (mean age 517 years old) participated in the study and filled out a number of self-report questionnaires aimed at assessing the Big Five personality traits, academic and social functioning indicators, and internalizing and
externalizing problems. Prototype membership, corresponding to the resilient, overcontrolled and undercontrolled types, was derived from cluster analysis of the Big Five self-ratings. The three prototypes clearly differed in terms of their academic and interpersonal functioning and problem behavior. Resilient adolescents showed higher academic success and better relationships with peers; whereas undercontrollers and overcontrollers both reported more internalizing and externalizing
problems, as well as having more deviant friends who both are drug addicts and steal.
L’insuccesso scolastico: fattori di rischio e di protezione nel corso della preadolescenza
No full text
Assessing Perceived Empathic and Social Self-Efficacy Across Countries
Full text linkThe Perceived Empathic Self-Efficacy Scale (PESE) and the Perceived Social Self-Efficacy Scale (PSSE) were developed to assess, respectively, individuals' self-efficacy beliefs regarding both empathic responding to others' needs or feelings and managing interpersonal relationships. In this study of young adults, a unidimensional factorial structure of both scales was found in Italy, the United States, and Bolivia. Complete invariance at the metric level and partial invariance at the scalar level were found across gender and countries for both scales. The construct and incremental validity of both PESE and PSSE were further examined in a different sample of Italian young adults. Patterns of association of the PESE or PSSE with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and the use of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were found, often over and beyond their associations with empathy or extraversion, respectively
- …
