70 research outputs found
Cerebral Tumors
No full textEEG is an important diagnostic tool in cerebral tumors, useful to identify
tumor-related ictal and interictal epileptiform abnormalities or slowings, to
monitor antiepileptic treatment, and to address surgery. In this chapter we will
discuss the general and specific characteristics of EEG in different cerebral
tumors, with distinction among sites and types of lesion. Some considerations
about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the EEG abnormalities
and the EEG characteristics after surgery will be made at least
Effects on EEG of Drugs and Toxic Substances
No full textThe use of different drugs in clinical practice has enhanced the importance of pharmaco-EEG (P-EEG) studies in recent years. The first part of this chapter will discuss the general and methodological aspects of P-EEG. In the second part, EEG characteristics of individual drugs (antiepileptic and non-antiepileptic drugs) will be described
Neuromonitoring and Emergency EEG
No full textIntraoperative and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) EEG monitoring is very useful in cases of possible brain damage, for example, during carotid endarterectomy, cardiac surgery and neurosurgery, or when subclinical seizures are suspected. Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring during surgery is a valid and sensitive instrument for recognizing and/or preventing perioperative ischemic insults or any epileptiform activity responsible for convulsive or nonconvulsive symptoms. Furthermore, it allows brain functions monitoring for anesthetic drug administration, to determine the depth of anesthesia and for adjusting drug levels to achieve a predefined neural effect, such as burst suppression. In ICU, cEEG monitoring is essential to identify electrical discharges that occur frequently in critically ill patients and that are often clinically undetected, but potentially harmful if the diagnosis and the treatment are delayed. In the last years, cEEG monitoring has become a widespread practice, especially because of the use of new digital equipments, which are extremely compact and easy to use, not requiring a constant connection to the power grid and thus avoiding artifacts. EEG tracings can be visualized in real-time or analyzed after acquisition, either online or offline, with qualitative and/or quantitative methods. Finally, it is worth remembering that EEGs can be recorded bedside from a peripheral recording unit and then sent to the central unit, so that neurophysiologists can examine the recordings from distance and process them without interfering with the patients’ management
Reversible encephalopathy induced by cefoperazone: a case report monitored with EEG
No full textIn patients with an impaired state of consciousness, EEG is fundamental, a correct neurological work-up. Cephalosporins have been identified as a case of triphasic waves' (TW) reversible encephalopathy. We report a case of an acute reversible encephalopathy with TWs during treatment with cefoperazone. We report the occurrence and regression of a confusional state with TWs encephalopathy at EEG after the administration of cefoperazone for urinary tract infection in a patient admitted for syncope. In conclusion, cefoperazone should be considered as a cause of toxic encephalopathy with EEG TWs, when there is a temporal relationship with its administration; EEG monitoring is useful in the neurological follow-up. © Springer-Verlag 2010
Non-convulsive status epilepticus characterised exclusively by a language disorder induced by non-ketotic hyperglycaemia
No full textNon-ketotic hyperglycaemia is an endocrine emergency characterised by elevated blood glucose levels and high plasma osmolarity. While hypoglycaemia-induced seizures are usually generalised, hyperglycaemia-induced seizures are often focal and secondary to the presence of brain lesions. Moreover, in the few studies in which language disorders of epileptic origin have been reported as a clinical manifestation of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, the disorders were usually not isolated but were followed by partial motor seizures. We describe a patient who presented with non-convulsive partial status epilepticus and whose only sign was a fluctuating language disorder induced by non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. There were no accompanying brain lesions and the patient responded optimally to diazepam. Neurophysiological EEG evaluation was fundamental for the diagnosis
Idiopathic late-onset absence status epilepticus: A case report with an electroclinical 14 years follow-up
No full textLate-onset absence status epilepticus (ASE) may be observed in adult and elderly patients as a late complication of idiopathic generalized epilepsy or de nova, usually related to benzodiazepines withdrawal, alcohol intoxication or psychotropic drugs initiation, but without history of epilepsy. EEG may be highly heterogeneous, varying from the 3 to 3.5 Hz spike-wave discharges typical of idiopathic generalized epilepsy to asymmetric irregular sharp and slow wave complexes. We report the clinical and neurophysiologic 14 years follow-up of a now 86 years-old woman, in whom we observed - at the age of 72 - an idiopathic late-onset ASE, with a good clinical response to lamotrigine monotherapy, but with the persistence over years of the same interictal 3-3.5 Hz spike-wave epileptic activity at EEG. This case is singular because, with the available long follow-up, indicates that idiopathic generalized epilepsy may also occur in the elderly, with a late-onset ASE presentation. In this condition, it is particularly important to underline the essential role of EEG (urgent and ambulatory) for the diagnosis, management and monitoring of the disease. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Correction to: Brivaracetam use in clinical practice: a Delphi consensus on its role as first add‐on therapy in focal epilepsy and beyond
No full textThe original article contains an error. In the Consensus Collaborators Group, author name has been inverted during the publication. Family name was captured first instead of the given name. The corrected names as follows: Consensus Collaborators Group: Daniela Audenino, Giovanni Boero, Vittoria Cianci, Mario Coletti Moja, Eduardo Cumbo, Filippo Dainese, Giuseppe Didato, Elisa Fallica, Alfonso Giordano, Emilio Le Piane, Mariangela Panebianco, Marta Piccioli, Pietro Pignatta, Monica Puligheddu, Patrizia Pulitano, Federica Ranzato, Rosaria Renna, Eleonora Rosati, Stella Vergine. The original article has been corrected
Correction to: Brivaracetam use in clinical practice: a Delphi consensus on its role as first add-on therapy in focal epilepsy and beyond (Neurological Sciences, (2024), 10.1007/s10072-024-07485-w)
No full textThe original article contains an error. In the Consensus Collaborators Group, author name has been inverted during the publication. Family name was captured first instead of the given name. The corrected names as follows: Consensus Collaborators Group: Daniela Audenino, Giovanni Boero, Vittoria Cianci, Mario Coletti Moja, Eduardo Cumbo, Filippo Dainese, Giuseppe Didato, Elisa Fallica, Alfonso Giordano, Emilio Le Piane, Mariangela Panebianco, Marta Piccioli, Pietro Pignatta, Monica Puligheddu, Patrizia Pulitano, Federica Ranzato, Rosaria Renna, Eleonora Rosati, Stella Vergine. The original article has been corrected
Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on lipid profile and sodium levels in patients with epilepsy
No full textSeveral studies have demonstrated that treatment with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs is associated with increased serum lipid levels. Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug specifically designed with the objective to identify carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine analogues with favorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. The present study aimed to assess the changes in lipid profile and sodium levels in patients with epilepsy taking ESL as adjunctive therapy
A questionnaire study on knowledge of and attitudes toward epilepsy in schoolchildren and university students in Rome, Italy
No full textPurpose: To estimate the knowledge of and attitudes toward epilepsy in schoolchildren and university students in Rome. Methods: We administered a custom-designed questionnaire in Italian on general knowledge, specific knowledge and social impact of epilepsy to a random sample of upper-middle class pupils and university undergraduate students in Rome. Results: The young people we studied have a reasonable knowledge of epilepsy: as many as 91% claimed to know something about the disease. Yet only 16% correctly stated the prevalence as being about 1 in 100. Middle-school pupils and university graduates consider epilepsy as an illness from which patients rarely recover and one that creates problems in finding employment. The largest number of correct answers for nearly all the questionnaire items came from university students. Conclusions: These findings suggest that apart from an encouragingly large number of the subjects we studied claim to know something about epilepsy (91% today versus 73% 22 years ago), Italian students still know little about epilepsy. These preliminary data should provide a starting point for a future in-depth population-based survey and information campaigns at schools in the Rome metropolitan area. © 2007 British Epilepsy Association
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