758 research outputs found
Meioneta canariensis Wunderlich 1987
No full textMeioneta canariensis (Wunderlich, 1987) Taxonomy & Ecology, 1: 151–152 Paratypes. Canary Islands. Tenerife, Anaga Montains: 1♂ 1 ♀ 2 subadult ♂ IV J. Wunderlich leg. (DZUL 24652). Current status: valid species, originally described as Agyneta canariensis (see Platnick 1989). Additional notes: these paratypes were collected by J. Wunderlich and originally published as deposited in his collection (SJW), but were subsequently assigned by the author and kept at DZUL.Published as part of Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Pérez, Antonio José, López, Heriberto, Hernández, Nuria Macías -, Cruz, Salvador De La & Oromí, Pedro, 2012, Catalogue of the type material in the entomological collection of the University of La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain). I. Arachnida, pp. 61-79 in Zootaxa 3556 on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21283
Tenuiphantes canariensis Wunderlich 1987
No full textTenuiphantes canariensis (Wunderlich, 1987) Taxonomy & Ecology, 1: 157–158 Paratypes. Canary Islands. La Palma, without locality: 3♂ 3 ♀ VII J. Wunderlich leg. (DZUL 24643). Current status: valid species, originally described as Lepthyphantes canariensis (see Saaristo & Tanasevitch 1996). Additional notes: these paratypes were collected by J. Wunderlich and originally published as deposited in his collection (SJW), but were subsequently assigned by the author and kept at DZUL.Published as part of Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Pérez, Antonio José, López, Heriberto, Hernández, Nuria Macías -, Cruz, Salvador De La & Oromí, Pedro, 2012, Catalogue of the type material in the entomological collection of the University of La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain). I. Arachnida, pp. 61-79 in Zootaxa 3556 on page 74, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21283
Spatiator martensi Wunderlich, 2006, n. sp.
No full textSpatiator martensi n. sp. Figs 1 –3, 5 Type material: Male holotype in Baltic amber, its origin is most probably the region of Kaliningrad (Königsberg), F 1688 /BB/AR/ CJW, SMF. Derivatio nominis: This species is dedicated to Prof. Jochen Martens, University of Mainz, who discovered numerous arachnids which were new to science; I had the pleasure to describe some of the spiders which were collected by J. Martens in Nepal. J. Martens and the present author have been in close and best contact for 35 years. Diagnosis ( ♂; Ψ unknown ): Close to Spatiator praeceps, but embolus in S. martensi n. sp. not that slender, forming a large triangle, and tips of embolus and conductor separated (Fig. 3). Description ( ♂ ): Measurements (in mm): Body length 4.3, prosomal length 2.1, opisthosoma: Length 1.9, width 1.3; leg I: Femur 1.3, patella 1.7, tibia 1.15, metatarsus 0.85, tarsus 0.8, tibia IV 1.5, its diameter 0.14. Color: Body and legs dark brown, opisthosoma yellow brown. Prosoma (Figs 1, 5) ca. 1.7 times longer than wide, cephalic part distinctly raised, thoracic fissure long, setae indistinct, mostly short, cuticula fairly rugose. 8 eyes in two rows, anterior median eyes distinctly largest, posterior row distinctly procurved. Basal cheliceral articles large, retrolaterally with a large field of stridulatory files, fangs short, peg teeth hidden. Gnathocoxae converging above the labium which is long and slender. Sternum finely rugose, prolongated between the coxae IV. Petiolus is long and apparently symmetrically bipartite. Legs fairly long and slender, order IV/I/II/III, bristles absent, setae short and indistinct Tibia and metatarsus I slightly bent, bearing some prodorsal to prolateral spatulate setae, tarsi I–II bear a weak ventral pseudoscopula, metatarsus III bears a dense field of long ventral preening setae in the distal half. Opisthosoma (Figs 1, 5) oval, 1.45 times longer than wide, dorsally covered with short setae and hardened (apparently leathery) along its whole length. Epigaster sclerotized, lung covers hairless, small; epiandrous gland spigots absent. Spinnerets short and partly hidden. Pedipalpus (Figs 2–3) fairly small, with stout articles, tibia with a short prodorsal bristle and at least one dorsal trichobothrium. Cymbium wide, enclosing the bulbus, with few strong prodorsal setae besides long normal setae, bulbus long, tegulum large, embolus in a retroventral position, conductor distinctly separate from the embolus and in a more prolateral position and bent distally to the embolus, sperm duct easily recognizable. Female: unknown. Relationships: Only a single congeneric species has been described previously: Spatiator praeceps. The holotype of S. praeceps is a female. I described a male which I regarded as conspecific with the holotype, see Wunderlich (2004: 768, 807, fig. 56) (in this figure I probably mistook the embolus for the conductor). This male is probably conspecific with the female holotype of S. praeceps but — according to the distinctly different structures of their bulbi — it is not conspecific with S. martensi n. sp. No somatic differences are known to exist between these three specimens. This case reflects a fundamental problem in the taxonomy of numerous congeneric — fossil species: (a) the generotype is known from one sex only (or is juvenile), (b) no somatic differences between different species are known and (c) it is not likely to find both sexes in the same piece of amber: How do deal with different congeneric species of the other sex? Occasionally — for practical reasons — fossil specimens from the other sex were described as different species (in contrast to extant species), e.g. by Petrunkevitch (1942). So it would be consequent to designate a new name for Spatiator praeceps sensu Wunderlich (2004) but this is not a matter of this paper. I found no somatic differences between the present holotype and the material of praeceps sensu Wunderlich (2004) but the bulbus structures are clearly different (and in my opinion surely not caused by circumstances of the preservation): embolus and conductor are in close contact in the male of S. praeceps (Fig. 4) in contrast to S. martensi n. sp. (Fig. 3). Distribution: Early Tertiary (Eocene) Baltic amber forest. Preservation: The spider is situated at the corner of a yellow piece of amber which has a size of 3.1 x 2.0 x 0.9 mm. Legs and pedipalpi are completely and well preserved, some parts are darkened apparently by heating, the ventral side is weakly covered with a white emulsion, the opisthosoma has a low longitudinal depression dorsally (probably the result of a blow), a bubble is situated close to the left cymbium, but distinctly separated from the cymbial cuticula. Syninclusions: Four Formicidae, workers (body length 1.3, 2.4, 2.4 and 4.3 mm), remains of the abdomen of an ant (two parts, 1.4 mm long) 2 mm right of the spider in the same layer of the amber, an adult Acari (body length 1 mm), few tiny to small larvae of Acari (body length up to 0.5 mm), numerous stellate hairs of plants, numerous small bubbles and bubbleshaped particles which are dried out as well as particles of detritus. Notes: (a) Myrmecophagy: Remains of an ant — two parts of an abdomen — near the spider's body may be remains of the spider's prey, but this presumption is quite tentative: Most relatives of the Spatiatoridae, e. g. Archaeidae and Palpimanidae, are araneophages. The complete ants in the same piece of amber are apparently not injured. (b) Myrmecomorphy: The silvery glancing cuticle in most congeneric specimens (S. praeceps) which are preserved in pieces of amber which were not heated, the slender body and legs as well as the raised cephalic part — which give the illusion of a tripartite body of the spider — may be hints that these spiders were only weakly antshaped. We do not know the behavior of the fossil spiders, and a saddleshaped inclination of the opisthosoma is absent. Therefore I am not sure about the actual antmimicry of these fossil spiders. The largest ant which is embedded together with the spider has the same body size as the spider and may have been a model of a probable Batesian mimicry. The small ants may have been the model of conspecific juveniles.Published as part of Wunderlich, Jörg, 2006, Spatiator martensi n. sp., a second species of the extinct spider family Spatiatoridae in Eocene Baltic amber (Araneae), pp. 313-318 in Zootaxa 1325 on pages 314-317, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17402
Agraecina canariensis Wunderlich 1992
No full textAgraecina canariensis Wunderlich, 1992 Beiträge zur Araneologie, 1: 476–477 Paratypes. Canary Islands. Tenerife, Sima Robada: 1♂ 1.XII. 1982 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 24634). Tenerife, Cueva de Felipe Reventón: 4 juv. 17.III. 1984 J.J. Hernández leg. (DZUL 24633) 1 ♀ XII. 1983 J.J. Hernández leg. (DZUL 28204); 1♂ 6 juv. 3.III. 1984. P. Oromí leg. (DZUL 28208); 2 ♀ 1 juv. 27.V. 1984 I. Izquierdo leg. (DZUL 282010); 1 juv. 18.VIII. 1985 J.J. Hernández, I. Izquierdo & A.L. Medina leg. (DZUL 28205); 1 juv. 23.III. 1985 A. Machado leg. (DZUL 28206); 2 juv. 9.XII. 1983 J.J. Hernández & I. Izquierdo leg. (DZUL 28207); 1 juv. 23.XII. 1983 J.J. Hernández leg. (DZUL 28209). The following individuals are labelled by the author as paratypes, but not listed in the original description: Tenerife, Sima Robada: 1 juv. 2.V. 1983 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28211). Tenerife, Cueva del Viento: 1 ♀ 30.XI. 1982 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28220); 1 ♀ 1.VI. 1987 GIET leg. (DZUL 28217); 1 ♀ 1 juv. 1. VI. 1987 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28218); 1 juv. 14. IV. 1983 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28216); 1 juv. 3.III. 1984 P. Oromí leg. (DZUL 28219). Tenerife Cueva Grande de Chío: 3 juv. 29.VI. 1985 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28212); 2 juv. 12.VII. 1985 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28213); 2 juv. 12.VII.1985 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28214); 2 juv. 12.VII. 1985 J.L. Martín leg. (DZUL 28215). Current status: valid species.Published as part of Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Pérez, Antonio José, López, Heriberto, Hernández, Nuria Macías -, Cruz, Salvador De La & Oromí, Pedro, 2012, Catalogue of the type material in the entomological collection of the University of La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain). I. Arachnida, pp. 61-79 in Zootaxa 3556 on page 76, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21283
Rogue States as Norm Entrepreneurs ::Black Sheep or Sheep in Wolves' Clothing? /
No full textThis book investigates whether so-called rogue states - assumed antagonists of a Western-liberal world order - could also act as norm entrepreneurs by championing the genesis and evolution of global norms. The author explores this issue by analyzing the arms control policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A comparison with the prototypical norm entrepreneur Sweden and the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea - a notorious norm-breaker - reveals interesting insights for norm research: Apparently, norm entrepreneurship manifests itself in different degrees and phases of the norm life cycle. The finding that Iran indeed acts as a norm entrepreneur in some cases also sheds light on those factors that might account for the success or failure of norm advocacy. Lastly, the book offers a new perspective on "rogue states", by not only regarding them as irrational antagonists of the current world order, but also as legitimate participants in a discourse on what the ruling order should look like. This book will appeal to scholars interested in critical norm research in international relations. "This book offers cutting-edge norm research, highlighting how norm-breakers can function as norm-makers." Maria Rost Rublee, Associate Professor of International Relations, Monash University (Australia) "So-called 'rogue states' are typically understood as norm breakers, but Carmen Wunderlich makes a persuasive conceptual case backed by empirical research that we need to consider the extent to which they are in fact norm entrepreneurs in their own right. In an era characterized by much concern over the status of liberal norms, this is a very timely study." Richard Price, Department of Political Science, The University of British Columbia (Canada) "At a time when the world order is under pressure, this cutting-edge analysis of how dissatisfied states challenge existing global norms illuminates a topic crucial to understanding contemporary international relations." Nina Tannenwald, Director, Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University (Rhode Island USA)
Atmosphärenmodellierung und Detektierbarkeit von potenziellen Biosignaturen auf terrestrischen Planeten um massearme Sterne
No full textThe first atmospheres to be characterized on potentially habitable, rocky exoplanets will likely be orbiting cooler stars. Theory and observations of the solar system suggest that these important atmospheres could be very diverse - including e.g. massive hydrogen (H2) primordial, thick carbon dioxide (CO2) or nitrogen atmospheres. Predicting the spectral signals from such a wide diversity of objects is one of the most fascinating and central topics in exoplanet science.
This work presents the first consistent investigations of such diverse atmospheres over a wide parameter range. Previous studies in the literature lacked the necessary coupling for climate physics and photochemistry over the wide range of atmospheres possible. This physically consistent study calculates the observational times needed to detect spectral signals with future telescopes and therefore presents a major step forward for atmospheric spectral characterization of potentially habitable, terrestrial exoplanets.
The thesis led to three successful first author papers, Wunderlich et al. (2019, 2020, 2021), which show that the characterization of potentially habitable, rocky exoplanets will be at the limit of the James Webb Space Telescope and Extremely Large Telescope capabilities. In Earth-like and CO2-dominated atmospheres the detection of a few chemical species might be feasible for close targets such as the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Potential biosignatures might be detectable in H2-dominated atmospheres.Die ersten potenziell habitablen Exoplaneten, bei denen die Atmosphären charakterisiert werden können, umkreisen wahrscheinlich kühle Sterne. Theorien und Beobachtungen des Sonnensystems weisen darauf hin, dass diese wichtigen Atmosphären vielfältig sein könnten und z. B. massive primordiale Wasserstoff- H2, dicke Kohlenstoffdioxid- (CO2), oder Stickstoffatmosphären aufweisen könnten. Die Vorhersage spektraler Signale von solch vielfältigen Objekten ist eines der faszinierendsten und zentralsten Themen der Exoplanetologie.
Diese Arbeit stellt die erste konsistente Untersuchung von derart diversen Atmosphären über einen umfangreichen Parameterbereich dar. Vorherige Studien haben die nötige Kopplung zwischen Klima und Photochemie über eine solche Vielzahl möglicher Atmosphären nicht konsistent berücksichtigt. Diese physikalisch konsistente Studie berechnet die Beobachtungszeit, die benötigt wird, um spektrale Signale mit zukünftigen Teleskopen nachzuweisen und stellt daher einen bedeutenden Fortschritt für die Atmosphärencharakterisierung von potenziell habitablen, terrestrischen Planeten dar.
Im Zuge dieser Doktorarbeit wurden drei erfolgreiche, Erstautor-Paper veröffentlicht, Wunderlich et al. (2019,2020,2021), die zeigen, dass die Charakterisierung der Atmosphären von potenziell habitablen Gesteinsplaneten an der Grenze der Sensitivität des James Webb Weltraumteleskopes und des Extremely Large Telescope sein wird. In erdähnlichen und CO2-dominierten Atmosphären könnte eine Detektion von einigen wenigen chemischen Spezies von nahen Objekten wie die TRAPPIST-1 Planeten möglich sein. Potenzielle Biosignaturen sind in H2-dominierten Atmosphären möglicherweise detektierbar
Canariphantes acoreensis Wunderlich 1992, new combination
No full textCanariphantes acoreensis (Wunderlich, 1992) new combination (Figs. 1–7; 23–24) Lepthyphantes acoreensis Wunderlich, 1992: 378, figs. 399–402 (description of male, not female, misidentified). Type material. Holotype ♂ (right pedipalp missing) from Mistérios Negros, Terceira, 28.VII. 1987, ULT; paratype ♀ from Mistérios Negros, Terceira, 30.VIII. 1987, ULT; 1 paratype ♂ from Caldeira, Pico, VIII. 1987, SNM 37603 - 124; 1 paratype ♀ from Mistérios Negros, Terceira, SNM 37610 - 124; 5 paratype ♂ and 3 paratype ♀ from Fonte da Faneca, Terceira, SNM 60151 - 124; 2 paratype ♂ from Fonte da Faneca, Terceira, SNM 60162 - 124. Additional material examined. Terceira—Biscoito da Ferraria Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 479370 4289985), VI.1999, 1 ♀; VII.2003, 1 ♂; VI.2011, 1 ♀. Terceira—Pico Galhardo Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 479664 4287554), VII.2002, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; VI.2003, 3 ♂; VII.2003, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; IX.2003, 3 ♂, 2 ♀; VIII.2003, 1 ♀; V.2007, 1 ♂; VI.2010, 1 ♀. Terceira—Serra de Santa Bárbara Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 472028 4288949), VII.2001, 2 ♂; VI.2003, 1 ♂; VII.2003, 3 ♂; VIII.2003, 5 ♂; IX.2003, 1 ♂; VII.2008, 1 ♂; IX.2010, 1 ♂, 5 ♀. Terceira—Terra Brava Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 482438 4287412), V.1999, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; VIII.1999, 3 ♂, 1 ♀; VI.2002, 4 ♂, 1 ♀; VII.2002, 3 ♀; VI.2003, 1 ♂; IX.2003, 5 ♂, 2 ♀; VII.2007, 1 ♀; VII.2008, 3 ♂, 2 ♀; VIII.2010, 3 ♂, 1 ♀. Terceira—Caldeira Guilherme Moniz Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 482285 4284477), IX.2003, 2 ♀. São Jorge—Pico Pinheiro Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 408602 4277888), VII.2000, 4 ♂, 3 ♀; VII.2004, 2 ♂, 2 ♀; IX.2010, 2 ♂, 2 ♀. São Jorge—Topo Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 421857 4272031), VIII.2000, 1 ♀; IX.2010, 2 ♀. Pico—Mistério da Prainha Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 388683 4257957), IX.1999, 3 ♂, 3 ♀; VII.2000, 4 ♂, 1 ♀; VII.2010, 1 ♂, 1 ♀. Pico—Caveiro Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 395274 4255409), VII.2000, 1 ♂, 1 ♀. Pico—Lagoa do Caiado Natural Reserve, (UTM 26 S 390826 4257032), VII.2000, 1 ♂, 2 ♀. All specimens collected by pitfall trapping and deposited at EDTP. Diagnosis. Males of Canariphantes acoreensis can be diagnosed from all other congeners by the combination of the following palpal characters: absence of Fickert’s gland, paracymbium with a bifurcated tip (Fig. 1) and terminal apophysis with several apical digitiform processes (Figs. 3–4). Females are more difficult to diagnose because the epigynum is very similar to that of C. zonatus (see Bosmans 2006), but it can be distinguished from it (and all other congeners) by the short and rounded proximal part of scape (Figs. 5–7). Description. Male (from Terceira). Total length 2.4. Prosoma 1.0 long, 0.8 wide. All eyes except AME equal in size, large, AME small, posterior row slightly recurved, anterior row recurved. PME separated by half their diameter, separated from PLE by less than half their diameter. PLE touching ALE. ALE separated from AME by half the diameter of the former. AME separated by less than half their diameter. AME separated from PME by the diameter of the latter. Clypeus height ca. two AME diameters. Chelicerae with roughly 20 stridulatory striae, 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal denticles. Prosoma yellow. Sternum anteriorly truncated, roughly triangular, black. Opisthosoma whitish with a dorsal pattern of black chevrons (Fig. 23). Legs with a prolateral spine in femur I; all patellae with 1 dorsal spine; tibiae I and IV with 2 dorsal, 1 prolateral and 1 retrolateral spine, tibiae II and III with 2 dorsal and 1 prolateral spine. Metatarsi with 1 dorsal spine. TmI 0.16. TmIV absent. L Sp Ti I 5, L Sp Ti IV 5.8. Legs uniformly dark yellow. Palp (Figs. 1–4). Patella with 1 dorsal spine, 3 times longer than diameter of patella. Tibia slightly longer than wide, with 1 dorsal spine, as long as diameter of tibia. Tibial spine roughly half the length of patellar spine. Three tibial trichobotria present, 2 retrolateral, 1 dorsal. Cymbium with a retrolateral keel. Paracymbium simple, with an incised tip, the inner tooth larger than the outer, with 6 to 7 hairs scattered from the basal to the median section. Suprategular apophysis hookshaped in ventral view, directed anteriorly in retrolateral view, with a small sclerotized dorsal arch close to the column opening. Lamella characteristica simple, with an incised distal part. Embolic division with a terminal apophysis with several apical, small, digitiform processes. Lamella characteristica and terminal apophysis separated by a membranous area bearing two small teeth, which can be variable in size. Radix unsclerotized, with a short, pointed tailpiece. Median membrane laminar. Embolus with a lobed thumb extending retrolaterally and dorsally. Fickert’s gland absent (contra Wunderlich 1992). Female (from Terceira). Total length 2.8. Prosoma 1.3 long, 1.0 wide. Eyes same as in male. Clypeus height ca. three AME diameters. Chelicerae with roughly 20 stridulatory striae, 3 promarginal teeth and 5 retromarginal denticles. Prosoma same color as in male. Sternum as in male. Opisthosoma with a dorsal pattern of black chevrons, these are more diffuse than those of males and sometimes only interspersed white patches appear in a black opisthosoma (Fig. 24). Leg spination and coloration as in male. L Sp Ti I 3.6, L Sp Ti IV 4.7. Epigynum (Figs. 5–7). Proximal part of scape short, wide and rounded, directly passing into distal part, with a total reduction or merging of the median part of scape; distal part of scape reduced, lateral lobes and stretcher very short (Figs. 5–7). Posterior median plate not visible in ventral view, heart-shaped in dorsal view. Entrance grooves not coiled, proceeding from the distal part of scape into the proximal part of scape and almost directly into the oval receptacula. Variation. Total body size in male varies from 1.9 to 2.5, in female from 2.8 to 3.1. Prosoma length from 0.9 to 1.1 in male, from 1.2 to 1.4 in female. Prosoma width in female varies from 0.9 to 1.1. Some female specimens present 2 prolateral spines in Femur I. Comments. In the original description of C. acoreensis by Wunderlich (1992: 567, Fig. 407) illustrated an epigynum with coiled entrance grooves and a wide stretcher. This morphology was not consistent with the genital structure of recently collected females together with males of C. acoreensis from nearly all the Azorean islands of the central group (Terceira, São Jorge and Pico). All collected females appeared to have an epigynum differing from Wunderlich’s description, except for one single female from Flores. The first author studied the type material deposited by Wunderlich at ULT and SNM. All males and females of the central group of islands appeared to be identical to our specimens, but this could not be confirmed for a female from Flores islands with the missing epigynum. Since none of the females of the type series of C. acoreensis has an epigynum resembling Wunderlich’s figures, the female with the missing excised epigynum must be the one used by Wunderlich to describe the female of C. acoreensis. Both females from Flores belong in fact to a new species described below. Distribution. The central group of islands with native forest patches (Terceira, São Jorge, Pico and Faial) (Fig. 8). Although C. acoreensis was cited from Faial (Wunderlich 1992), the referred material was not found at ULT, thus rendering the presence of C. acoreensis unconfirmed. Natural history. This species builds small sheet-webs at ground level, exclusively in patches of native laurel forest. Adults were collected from May to September, but sampling outside this period was not performed.Published as part of Crespo, Luís Carlos, Bosmans, Robert, Cardoso, Pedro & Borges, Paulo A. V., 2014, On three endemic species of the linyphiid spider genus Canariphantes Wunderlich, 1992 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from the Azores archipelago, pp. 403-417 in Zootaxa 3841 (3) on pages 405-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/22872
Atmospheric modeling and detectability of potential biosignatures on terrestrial planets orbiting low mass stars
No full textThe first atmospheres to be characterized on potentially habitable, rocky exoplanets will likely be orbiting cooler stars. Theory and observations of the solar system suggest that these important atmospheres could be very diverse — including e.g. massive hydrogen primordial, thick carbon dioxide or nitrogen atmospheres. Predicting the spectral signals from such a wide diversity of objects is one of the most fascinating and central topics in exoplanet science. This work presents the first consistent investigations of such diverse
atmospheres over a wide parameter range. Previous studies in the literature lacked the necessary coupling for climate physics and photochemistry over the wide range of atmospheres possible. This physically consistent study calculates the observational times needed to detect spectral signals with future telescopes and therefore presents a major step forward for atmospheric spectral characterization of potentially habitable, terrestrial exoplanets. The thesis led to three successful first author papers which are already well-cited and the author was additionally invited by international groups to co-author numerous other scientific papers. The main results of the three
first author papers are now briefly summarized. Wunderlich et al. (2019, Paper I) investigated the impact of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of M dwarfs upon climate and photochemical processes in the atmospheres of Earth-like planets. Compared to Earth, the abundances of methane (CH4) increase by factors of several hundreds in the atmospheres of planets around early M dwarfs and by factors of several thousands for planets around late M dwarfs. This leads to a significant increase of molecular features in transmission spectroscopy and enhanced detectability of CH4. For cloud-free conditions, the detection of CH4 with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) might be feasible within ten transits in the atmospheres of planets orbiting early M dwarfs at a distance up to ∼10 pc and planets orbiting late M dwarfs up to ∼30 pc. The nearby planetary system of the late M dwarf TRAPPIST-1 includes three potentially habitable, rocky planets. Wunderlich et al. (2020, Paper II) introduced a new photochemical scheme, which is part of a coupled convective–
climate–photochemistry model (1D-TERRA). The model was used to simulate potential atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f, assuming different surface conditions and varying amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). In dry CO2-rich atmospheres molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO) might be produced abiotically and could reach up to a few percent in mixing ratios. Whereas results suggest that a detection of O2 will likely not be feasible with JWST or the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) CO might be detectable by co-adding a few tens of transits in dry CO2-rich atmospheres. A detection of CH4 might be only possible on planets with wet atmospheres and a biosphere, suggesting that emissions of CH4 could be related to life. The potentially habitable planet LHS 1140 b orbiting a mid M dwarf
is another excellent target for future atmospheric characterization. Recent observations suggest that the planet has a clear, H2-dominated atmosphere. Wunderlich et al. (2021, Paper III) investigated the impact of different CH4 concentrations upon climate, chemistry and detectability of spectral features for H2-dominated atmospheres on LHS 1140 b. The destruction of the potential biosignatures ammonia (NH3), phosphine (PH3), chloromethane (CH3Cl), and nitrous oxide (N2O) shows a weak dependence on the
concentrations of CH4. For low abundances of CH4 only five to ten transits are required to detect these molecules with JWST or ELT. However, for CH4 surface mixing ratios of a few percent only a detection of PH3 and N2O might be feasible. In summary, the three publications of this thesis show that the characterization of potentially habitable, rocky exoplanets will be at the limit of the JWST and ELT capabilities. In Earth-like and CO2-dominated atmospheres the detection of CO2, CH4 and CO might be feasible for close targets such as the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Potential biosignatures such as NH3, PH3, CH3Cl and N2O might be detectable in H2-dominated atmospheres
Themira minor Haliday 1833
No full textThemira minor (Haliday, 1833) Material: Switzerland: AG:Aristau, 400 m, x.1975 (leg. Wunderlich). LU:Dierikon, 550 m, 2000 (leg. Duelli); Luzern 550 m, 24.vi.–5.viii.2006 (leg. Sattler); Ruswil, 800 m, 2001 (leg. Duelli). TI:Bolle di Magadino, 200 m, 19.vi.1995 (leg. Merz &Bächli). Romania:Calimani, 1700 m, 25.v.83; Cimpulung, 600 m, 25.v.1976; 800 m, 3.viii.1975; Cornetu, 23.v.1984 (all leg. Ceianu). Distribution:Holarctic (Ozerov 2005). Comments:Often associated with waterfowl droppings, but can also be found on cow dung (which it readily accepts as breeding substrate under laboratory conditions).Published as part of Patrick T. Rohner & Gerhard Bächli, 2016, Faunistic data of Sepsidae (Diptera) from Switzerland and additional countries including the first Swiss record of Meroplius fukuharai (Iwasa, 1984), pp. 237-260 in Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 89 on page 258, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19263
Mesiotelus grancanariensis
No full textMesiotelus grancanariensis WUNDERLICH 1992 (figs. 1-12) photo 88 Material: (1) Portugal, N-Algarve, 1 km N Bordeira, way at a brook and the margin of a mixed forest, between almost vertical cracks of earth, JW leg. a subadult male mid VIII 2008 and a subad. female JW leg. mid VIII 2009, adult 6. X. 2008 and end of XII 2009; both were fed with Drosophila and Zygentoma, CJW; (2) Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) ♂ ♀ P. NABAVI leg., CJW. Diagnosis: Tibiae and metatarsi l-ll ventrally with two irregular rows of bristle-shaped hairs (fig. 5), tibiae l-ll bear 2 pairs of ventral bristles, metatarsi l-ll only a single pair, ♂ -pedipalpus: Figs. 9-12; ♀: The median spinnerets are weakly depressed; epigyne/ vulva: See WUNDERLICH (1992: 602: 756-756a). Description (♂ from Portugal; ♀ see photo 88, and WUNDERLICH (1992: 480-481)): Measurements (in mm): Body length 4.1, prosoma: Length 1.8, width 1.5; leg I: Femur 2.0, patella 1.0, tibia 2.0, metatarsus 1.65, tarsus 1.0, tibia I11.7, tibia III 1.3, tibia IV 2.0; length of a basal cheliceral article 0.9; pedipalpus: Patella 0.5, tibia 0.45. Colour: Prosoma light to medium grey or yellow grey (margin not or weakly darkened), legs light grey, opisthosoma dark grey, ventrally lighter. Prosoma (figs. 1-3) 1.16 times longer than wide, densely covered with short depressed hairs, thorax not raised, thoracal fissure short, eyes of medium size, posterior row slightly recurved, posterior median eyes spaced by more than their diameter, basal cheliceral articles long and slender, anteriorly with long hairs, anterior margin of its furrow with 3 teeth, posterior margin with 2 teeth which are widely spaced, fangs long and bent in a right angle in the basal half, labium slightly longer than wide, gnathocoxae distinctly longer than wide, praecoxal triangles present but weakly developed on l-ll, coxae IV spaced by less than their radius. - Legs (figs. 4-6) fairly long and slender, bearing numerous feathery hairs. Bristles on legs l-ll: Femora dorsally 1/ 1I additionally with a single prodistal one, tibiae ventrally 2 pairs, metatarsi with a long ventral pair in the basal half. Trochanters not notched. Scopulae absent but tibiae and metatarsi l-ll bear ventrally two rows of bristle-shaped hairs except basally (apparently modified scopulae), metatarsi with two long trichobothria, tarsi with several long trichobothria and a weak pseudoscopula (thin hairs), claw tufts practically absent (very few thin hairs), tarsal claws with long as well as short teeth (3/3 on IV). Position of the tiny tarsal organ in the middle of the length of the article. - Opisthosoma (figs. 7-8) 1.7 times longer than wide, covered with short hairs (anteriorly with longer hairs), genital area wider than long, sclerotized anteriorly, epiandrous gland spigots apparently absent. Spinnerets fairly short and close together, the medians not flattened. - ♂ -pedipalpus (figs. 9-12): Patella almost twice as long, with a dorsal bristle in the distal half, tibia twice as long as wide, dorsally with several long bristles, with at least 6 trichobothria, ventrally with numerous long bristles, cymbium with a long prodistal bristle, retrolaterally not widened. Relationships: As already pointed out by BARRIENTOS & URONES (1985: 354-355) the genera Liocranum L. KOCH 1866 and Mesiotelus SIMON 1897 are closely related, and a revision is urgently needed. - Ventral bristle-shaped hairs of tibiae and metatarsi l-ll (fig. 5): These hairs were not mentioned by me in the original description of M. grancanariensis (most hairs were rubbed off); they exist in related species, too. - In M. tenuissimus L. KOCH 1866) the position of the median apophysis is more distally than in grancanariensis. Distribution: Originally described from the Canary Island Gran Canaria (and regarded as a Canarian endemic), recently discovered by the present author on the European mainland, close to the west coast of Portugal.Published as part of Wunderlich, Joerg, 2011, On European Spiders Of The Nominal Families Liocranidae, Miturgidae And Zoridae (Araneae), With Descriptions Of New Taxa, pp. 108-120 in Beiträge zur Araneologie 6 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.82321
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