215 research outputs found
NOLEN (D.)
No full textDubois Patrick. NOLEN (D.). In: Le dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire de Ferdinand Buisson : répertoire biographique des auteurs. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 2002. pp. 110-111. (Bibliothèque de l'Histoire de l'Education, 17
Can Risk-taking Preferences be Modified? Some Experimental Evidence
No full textWe summarise our two sets of controlled experiments designed to see if single-sex classes within coeducational environments modify studentsf risk]taking attitudes. In Booth and Nolen (2012b), subjects are in years 10 and 11, while in Booth, Cardona]Sosa and Nolen (2014), they are first]year university students randomly assigned to single]sex and coed classes. While on average females are significantly less likely than men to make risky choices, on exposure to single]sex environments they behave the same as the males. Thus part of the observed gender difference in behavior under uncertainty found in previous studies might reflect social learning rather than inherent gender traits
Depression in general practice : underrecognition? Overtreatment? Adequate care!
No full textDit proefschrift geeft een optimistisch beeld van de huidige zorg voor depressieve patiënten in de huisartsenpraktijk i.v.m. eerdere literatuur en mediaberichten. We concluderen dat, de zorg voor depressieve patiënten in de eerste lijn in het algemeen adequaat is, d.w.z. in overeenstemming met aanbevelingen uit geldende richtlijnen.
Ruim twee-derde van de depressieve patiënten werd door de huisarts herkend. Patiënten die psychische problemen met de huisarts bespraken, met meer depressieve symptomen en met tevens een angststoornis werden beter herkend. Het atypische symptoom toegenomen eetlust leidde tot slechtere herkenning.
58% van de depressieve patiënten werd verwezen voor psychologische of psychiatrische zorg. Huisartsen hielden de aanbevelingen voor verwijzing uit de richtlijn hierbij in het oog, patiënten met voorkeur voor psychotherapie, met chronische depressie of suïcidale neigingen werden vaker verwezen.
Ook behandeling met antidepressiva schrijven huisartsen volgens de richtlijn voor. Slechts bij 5,4% van de antidepressiva-gebruikers was sprake van overbehandeling. Bovendien was meer dan de helft van deze overbehandelde patiënten met een goede reden gestart, maar te lang doorbehandeld.
Uit een literatuur-review concludeerden wij dat aanbevelingen voor antidepressiva-gebruik gebaseerd zijn op voldoende bewijs v.w.b. acute behandeling en preventie van terugval gedurende enkele maanden, maar niet voor langdurige onderhoudsbehandeling.
Aanbevelingen voor onderhoudsbehandeling worden ook minder goed gevolgd. Het zijn niet, zoals de richtlijn voorschrijft, patiënten met een chronische of recidiverende depressie die onderhoudsbehandeling krijgen. Wel lijken het patiënten met een slechtere prognose: patiënten met tevens een angststoornis of dysthyme stoornis (langdurige ‘milde’ depressie), patiënten die naast antidepressiva ook kalmerende middelen gebruikten en met recente psychiatrische contacten.
Overall this thesis gives an optimistic picture of current care for depressed patients in primary care compared to previous literature and media reports. We conclude that, in general, the care for depressed patients in primary care is in most cases adequate, i.e. in accordance with ruling guideline recommendations.
The general practitioner recognized over two-thirds of depressed patients. Patients discussing psychological problems with the general practitioner, those with more depressive symptoms and with a concurrent anxiety disorder were better recognized. The atypical symptom increased appetite led to worse recognition.
58% of depressed patients were referred for psychological or psychiatric care. General practitioners took guideline recommendations into account in referring; patients with preference for psychotherapy, chronic depression or suicidal tendency were referred more often.
Treatment with antidepressants was also prescribed according to guideline recommendations. In only 5.4% of antidepressant users it could be called overtreatment. Furthermore, over half of these overtreated patients started with a good reason, but were treated too long according to guideline recommendations.
From review of the literature we conclude that guideline recommendations for antidepressant treatment are thoroughly evidence-based for acute treatment and relapse prevention during several months, but not for maintenance treatment.
Recommendations for maintenance treatment are also less often followed. Maintenance users are not, as the guideline prescribes, patients with chronic or recurrent depression. It does however seem that maintenance antidepressant users are those with a worse prognosis such as patients with comorbid dysthymia or anxiety and patients also receiving sedatives or patients with recent psychiatric contacts.
ChatGPT: the route to loneliness?:No comfort from AI
No full textFrom ChatGPT to Replika, AI is being touted as a tool to solve the loneliness epidemic. But is this just a false marketing promise, or perhaps something more sinister. In these habitually lonely times wanting someone to talk to, even if they’re just an AI chat bot, is understandable. But besides the emptiness of a conversation with an AI, author of Nihilism and Technology, Nolen Gertz, argues that even the most optimistic story of connection could lead to danger
Salience, Risky Choices and Gender
No full textRisk theories typically assume individuals make risky choices using probability weights that differ from objective probabilities. Recent theories suggest that probability weights vary depending on which portion of a risky environment is made salient. Using experimental data we show that salience affects young men and women differently, even after controlling for cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Men are significantly more likely than women to switch from a certain to a risky choice once the upside of winning is made salient, even though the expected value of the choice remains the same.gender, salience, risk-aversion, probability weights, cognitive ability
IPR Policy Brief - Incentives and children's dietary choices::a field experiment in primary schools
No full textThere is a growing interest from both academics and policy makers in the use of incentives to change health behaviours; especially of children.In October 2011, Michèle Belot (University of Edinburgh), Jonathan James (University of Bath) and Patrick Nolen (University of Essex) carried out a randomised controlled field experiment in 31 schools across England.The aim was to assess the effect of schemes that reward children with stickers, small toys and stationery for choosing fruit and vegetables at lunch time. Two incentive schemes (individual based and competition) were compared to a control group where no incentives were provided.The effects on choice and consumption were examined over the course of the four week intervention, immediately after the incentives were removed and six months later. In both incentive schemes pupils were given a sticker if they chose a fruit or vegetable at lunch time, or brought one in their packed lunch. Pupils in the individual treatment were given an additional reward on each Friday if they had collected four or more stickers over the week. In the competition scheme pupils were randomly assigned into groups of four, however the groups were only revealed at the end of the week and the pupil with the most stickers was given an additional reward.Although results differ by age, gender and socio-economic background, the research found that the incentives increased the choice and consumption of fruit and vegetables, particularly among the group who were previously identified as not regularly eating fruit and vegetables
Gender and Competition
No full textIn almost all European Union countries, the gender wage gap is increasing across the wages distribution. In this lecture I briefly survey some recent studies aiming to explain why apparently identical women and men receive such different returns and focus especially on those incorporating psychological factors as an explanation of the gender gap. Research areas with high potential returns to further analysis are identified. Several examples from my own recent experimental work with Patrick Nolen are also presented. These try to distinguish between the role of nature and nurture in affecting behavioural differences between men and women that might lead to gender wage gaps.glass ceiling, experimental economics, personality differences, behaviour
Eenige verschijnselen bij het onder belasting regelen van transformatoren
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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No full textImages and listing of members of the Tennis Club at Arkansas College during the 1926 academic year, including members J. Keith Morrow, B. Mack Lindsey, J. Lowell Manning, Harry Maxfield, Stuart H. Salmon, Hunter Patrick, Charles W. Shaw, and Dixon Nolen
Eating behaviors and body weight in preadolescents classified by sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil: a follow-up study
No full textOverweight in children is a problem of rising significance as obesity in America becomes more widespread. Understanding factors affecting the establishment of eating behaviors in children can potentially mitigate development of adiposity. This study investigated the influence of genetic sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), environment and psychosocial factors on change in weight status from preschool to preadolescence. Children who originally participated in taste studies as preschoolers were identified and re-tested as preadolescents. Seventy-three children and their mothers were screened for PROP taster status and answered a questionnaire measuring dietary restraint and disinhibition. Children additionally gave three 24-hour recalls, and wore an activity monitor for 72hours. Data from the diet recalls were analyzed by nutrient composition as well as by USDA Food Group servings. For the results, phenotype of PROP taster status was stable since preschool, being satisfactorily reliable for test-retest (Cohen's Kappa >0.7). There were no significant differences among PROP taster groups for current BMI percentile or change in BMI percentile since preschool by Univariate analyses. Multivariate models provided greater insight since it provided the ability to control for other measurable forms of variance. Both Multiple Linear Regression and Hierarchical Regression showed that the single most influential factor for predicting current weight status was preschool weight status. In addition, dietary restraint was a significant positive predictor as was the interaction between gender and PROP taster status. Within females, PROP sensitivity was a significant positive predictor for body weight, whereas this was not true for males. However, subjects had a lower incidence of overweight than the national average and tended to have high physical activity. Thus, in order to elucidate the true impact of PROP sensitivity on eating behaviors, further studies should investigate the effect of PROP taster status on body weight in female children, particularly in an overweight population.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-79)
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