297 research outputs found
Social housing strategies, financing mechanisms and outcomes
No full textThis review provides a brief update of developments in social housing policies and national strategies in a cross‐section of developed countries since 2007. The countries included in the review are: Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden (described collectively as European countries) and the United States of America. The time‐frame for this exercise is largely influenced by timing of the global economic downturn and credit crisis which has, in many countries, prompted fundamental policy shifts. With this in mind, the next part of this introductory chapter highlights some of the key features of the post‐2007 economic context for housing policy.
In selecting countries for inclusion in the review we have aimed to encompass a diversity of national social housing systems in countries with broadly similar economic and social profiles to Australia. Jurisdictions included are those where one or more of the contributing authors have direct knowledge of the social housing system and have recently conducted research on aspects of housing policy.
The review has been commissioned by Housing NSW to provide background information for the ongoing development of The Housing Strategy for New South Wales. It builds on and extends research funded by the City Futures Research Centre (UNSW), the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI) and OTB TU Delft which is published in the following conference papers and reports: Lawson, Gilmour and Milligan (2010); Lawson (2009); Lawson and Milligan (2007); Milligan and Lawson (2008); Lawson and Nieboer (2009); Lawson, Berry, Yates and Milligan (2009); Milligan, Gurran, Lawson, Phibbs and Phillips (2009); and Hulse, Milligan and Easthope (2011). The report also draws on the UK Housing Review (Pawson & Wilcox, 2011 and forthcoming 2012) and on recently published material available online compiled by various research and sector organisations in a range of countries.
The report was prepared for Housing NSW, Department of Families and Communities, NSW Government in December 2011 and has been recently release
Ligand regulation of the quaternary organization of cell surface M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors analyzed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging and homogenous time-resolved FRET
No full textFlp-In T-REx 293 cells expressing a wild type human M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor construct constitutively and able to express a Receptor Activated Solely by Synthetic Ligand (RASSL) form of this receptor on demand maintained response to the muscarinic agonist carbachol but developed response to clozapine-N-oxide only upon induction of the RASSL. The two constructs co-localized at the plasma membrane and generated strong ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals consistent with direct physical interactions. Increasing levels of induction of the FRET-donor RASSL did not alter wild type receptor FRET-acceptor levels substantially. However, ratiometric FRET was modulated in a bell-shaped fashion with maximal levels of the donor resulting in decreased FRET. Carbachol, but not the antagonist atropine, significantly reduced the FRET signal. Cell surface homogenous time-resolved FRET, based on SNAP-tag technology and employing wild type and RASSL forms of the human M receptor expressed stably in Flp-In TREx 293 cells, also identified cell surface dimeric/oligomeric complexes. Now, however, signals were enhanced by appropriate selective agonists. At the wild type receptor large increases in FRET signal to carbachol and acetylcholine were concentration-dependent with EC values consistent with the relative affinities of the two ligands. These studies confirm the capacity of the human M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to exist as dimeric/oligomeric complexes at the surface of cells and demonstrate that the organization of such complexes can be modified by ligand binding. However, conclusions as to the effect of ligands on such complexes may depend on the approach used
How should we support pharmaceutical innovation?
No full textThe question as to how society should support pharmaceutical (‘pharma’) innovation is both pertinent and timely: Pharma drugs are an integral component of modern health care and hold the promise to treat more effectively various debilitating health problems. The rate of pharma innovation, however, has declined since the 1980s. Many observers question whether the patent system is capable of providing the appropriate incentives for pharma innovation and point to several promising alternative mechanisms. These mechanisms include both ‘push’ programs – subsidies directed towards the cost of pharma R&D – and ‘pull’ programs – lumpsum rewards for the outputs of pharma R&D, that is, new drugs. I review evidence why our current system of pharma patents is defective and outline the various alternative mechanisms that may spur pharma innovation more effectively.Pharmaceuticals, R&D, patents, prizes, innovation
South West Tasmania, Tas, 2001 (WTRMP Area D) (P824), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: This South West Tasmania, Tas, 2001 (WTRMP Area D) (P824), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled is an airborne-derived radiometric data for the South West Tasmania, Tas, 2001 (WTRMP Area D). The data was acquired under the project No. 824 for the geological survey of TAS. A total of 13701 line-kilometres of data at a line spacing of 200m were acquired during this survey. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data (Milligan et al., 2009). This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS. Noise-adjusted singular value decomposition (NASVD) has been applied to the data. NASVD is a spectral component analysis procedure for the removal of noise from gamma-ray spectra. Details of the specifications of individual airborne surveys can be found in the Fourteenth Edition of the Index of Airborne Geophysical Surveys (Percival, 2014). This Index is also available online at http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/79134.
References:
Milligan, P.R., Minty, B.R.S., Richardson, M. & Franklin, R., 2009. The Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey accurate continental magnetic coverage. Preview, No. 138, p. 1-128,
Percival, P.J., 2014. Index of airborne geophysical surveys (Fourteenth Edition).The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.<br/> This South West Tasmania, Tas, 2001 (WTRMP Area D) (P824), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled were acquired in 2000 by the TAS Government, and consisted of 13701 line-kilometres of data at 200m line spacing and 80m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS
Use of A tlantic salmon, S almo salar L., farm treatment data and bioassays to assess for resistance of sea lice, L epeophtheirus salmonis , to emamectin benzoate ( SLICE ® ) in B ritish C olumbia, C anada
No full textfacilitates a competitively subordinate plant ant in Kenya
No full textBiological invasions can lead to the reassembly of communities and understanding and predicting the impacts of exotic species on community structure and functioning are a key challenge in ecology. We investigated the impact of a predatory species of invasive ant, Pheidole megacephala, on the structure and function of a foundational mutualism between Acacia drepanolobium and its associated acacia-ant community in an East African savanna. Invasion by P. megacephala was associated with the extirpation of three extrafloral nectar-dependent Crematogaster acacia ant species and strong increases in the abundance of a competitively subordinate and locally rare acacia ant species, Tetraponera penzigi, which does not depend on host plant nectar. Using a combination of long-term monitoring of invasion dynamics, observations and experiments, we demonstrate that P. megacephala directly and indirectly facilitates T. penzigi by reducing the abundance of T. penzigi’s competitors (Crematogaster spp.), imposing recruitment limitation on these competitors, and generating a landscape of low-reward host plants that favor colonization and establishment by the strongly dispersing T. penzigi. Seasonal variation in use of host plants by P. megacephala may further increase the persistence of T. penzigi colonies in invaded habitat. The persistence of the T. penzigi–A. drepanolobium symbiosis in invaded areas afforded host plants some protection against herbivory by elephants (Loxodonta africana), a key browser that reduces tree cover. However, elephant damage on T. penzigi-occupied trees was higher in invaded than in uninvaded areas, likely owing to reduced T. penzigi colony size in invaded habitats. Our results reveal the mechanisms underlying the disruption of this mutualism and suggest that P. megacephala invasion may drive long-term declines in tree cover, despite the partial persistence of the ant–acacia symbiosis in invaded areas.Fil: Palmer, Todd M.. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Riginos, Corinna. The Nature Conservancy; Estados Unidos. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Milligan, Patrick D.. University of Florida; Estados Unidos. Mpala Research Centre; KeniaFil: Hays, Brandon R.. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Pietrek, Alejandro Gerardo. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Florida; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Maiyo, Nelly J.. Ol Pejeta Conservancy; KeniaFil: Mutisya, Samuel. Ol Pejeta Conservancy; KeniaFil: Gituku, Benard. Ol Pejeta Conservancy; KeniaFil: Musila, Simon. National Museums of Kenya; KeniaFil: Carpenter, Scott. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Goheen, Jacob R.. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Wyoming; Estados Unido
Modulation of Synaptic Amplification in Sympathetic Ganglia
No full textThe purpose of this dissertation was to assess synaptic integration in neurons from the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) using complex temporal patterns of virtual synaptic activity that mimic in vivo conditions. The SCG is a paravertebral ganglion that innervates different targets in the head. One of its important roles is to regulate vascular tone. Previous reports have concluded that SCG neurons behave as simple relays between preganglionic synaptic activity from the spinal cord and postganglionic control of end organs. We have tested the hypotheses that (1) postganglionic convergence of strong and weak nicotinic synapses produces variable synaptic amplification in SCG neurons; (2) entrainment of preganglionic activity to the cardiac cycle through arterial baroreceptors increases synaptic gain; (3) the contribution of weak nicotinic synapses to postganglionic integration has been underestimated in vivo due to membrane damage caused by sharp microelectrodes; and (4) angiotensin II (AngII) acts postsynaptically to increase ganglionic synaptic amplification.
The approach to creating virtual synapses relied on dynamic clamp. Using whole-cell recordings of SCG neurons in short-term cultures, we found evidence for activity dependent synaptic gain and for the enhancement of gain by cardiac entrainment. Based on this approach, a computational model was developed to simulate human data – this showed that the statistics of human firing patterns could be accounted for by a model that includes secondary synapses and synaptic amplification. Cellular damage was simulated with dynamic clamp by implementing a non-depolarizing shunt conductance. This revealed that damage introduced by microelectrode recordings transformed the intrinsic firing properties of sympathetic neurons and obscured the contribution of weak nicotinic synapses to synaptic gain. Finally, G-protein coupled receptors for AngII increased postganglionic excitability, which facilitated the integration of weak synaptic activity and enhanced synaptic gain.
These results have implications for understanding human blood pressure regulation during exercise and hypertension. Until now, the SCG had been discounted as a regulator of blood pressure. Data in this thesis supports an integrative role for synaptic convergence in sympathetic ganglia and the modulation of gain by AngII. These results suggest that future efforts to control blood pressure and treat hypertension could target ganglionic mechanisms
Glengarry Peak Hill Robinson Range Area D, 1994 (P631), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: This Glengarry Peak Hill Robinson Range Area D, 1994 (P631), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled is an airborne-derived magnetic line dataset for the Glengarry, Peak Hill, Robinson River(pt), GSWA,1994 survey. The data was acquired under the project No. 631 for the geological survey of WA. A total of 118765 line-kilometres of data at a line spacing of 400m and 60m terrain clearance were acquired during this survey. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data (Milligan et al., 2009). This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS. Details of the specifications of individual airborne surveys can be found in the Fourteenth Edition of the Index of Airborne Geophysical Surveys (Percival, 2014). This Index is also available online at http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/79134.
References:
Milligan, P.R., Minty, B.R.S., Richardson, M. & Franklin, R., 2009. The Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey accurate continental magnetic coverage. Preview, No. 138, p. 1-128,
Percival, P.J., 2014. Index of airborne geophysical surveys (Fourteenth Edition).Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.<br/> These line dataset from the Glengarry, Peak Hill, Robinson River(pt), GSWA,1994 survey were acquired in 1994 by the WA Government, and consisted of 118765 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS
Synthesis of protected guanidinium linked dinucleoside incorporable into an oligonucleotide using solid phase DNA methodology
No full textThe synthesis of novel fully protected guanidinium linked dinucleoside for incorporation into oligonucleotide using solid-phase DNA synthesis methodology was developed. The three different protecting groups selected allow different deprotection conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.PT: J; CR: BARAWKAR DA, 1996, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V24, P1229 BLASKO A, 1996, J AM CHEM SOC, V118, P7892 BLASKO A, 1997, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V36, P7821 COOK PD, 1991, ANTI-CANCER DRUG DES, V6, P585 DEMESMAEKER A, 1995, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V28, P366 DEMESMAEKER A, 1996, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V35, P2790 DEMPCY RO, 1995, J AM CHEM SOC, V117, P6140 DEMPCY RO, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P4326 FATHI R, 1994, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V22, P5416 GRYAZNOV SM, 1997, NUCLEOS NUCLEOT, V16, P899 HASHIMOTO H, 1993, J AM CHEM SOC, V115, P7128 HAYAKAWA Y, 1986, J ORG CHEM, V51, P2400 JONES RJ, 1993, J ORG CHEM, V58, P2983 JUST G, 1976, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART, P457 KEAN JM, 1995, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V34, P14617 LETSINGER RL, 1988, J AM CHEM SOC, V110, P4470 LINKLETTER B, 1998, IN PRESS BIOORG MED MILLIGAN JF, 1993, J MED CHEM, V36, P1923 NIELSEN PE, 1991, SCIENCE, V254, P1497 PANNECOUQUE C, 1992, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V33, P7609 RICE JS, 1997, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V36, P399 ROBINSON S, 1997, TETRAHEDRON, V53, P6697 SANGHVI YS, 1993, NUCLEOS NUCLEOT, P311 SANGHVI YS, 1997, NUCLEOS NUCLEOT, V16, P907 SCHMID N, 1995, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V36, P1447 UHLMANN E, 1990, CHEM REV, V90, P543 VANDENDRIESSCHE F, 1993, J CHEM SOC P1, P1567; NR: 27; TC: 18; J9: BIOORG MEDICINAL CHEM LETTER; PG: 4; GA: ZV310Source type: Electronic(1
Carboxylation of carbenes in low-temperature matrixes
No full textPT: J; CR: ADAM W, 1971, J AM CHEM SOC, V93, P557 ADAM W, 1973, J ORG CHEM, V38, P2269 BAMFORD WR, 1952, J CHEM SOC, P4735 BONNEAU R, 1989, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P510 CHAMPAM OL, 1972, J AM CHEM SOC, V94, P1365 COE PL, 1982, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P362 EISENTHAL KB, 1985, TETRAHEDRON, V41, P1543 GANZER GA, 1986, J AM CHEM SOC, V108, P1517 GOULD IR, 1985, TETRAHEDRON, V41, P1587 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 GRILLER D, 1985, TETRAHEDRON, V41, P1525 LIU MTH, 1980, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P1482 LIU MTH, 1987, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V28, P1011 MALTSEV AK, 1985, IAN SSSR KH, P2159 MCMAHON RJ, 1987, J AM CHEM SOC, V109, P2456 MILLIGAN DE, 1962, J CHEM PHYS, V35, P2911 MOSS RA, 1989, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V22, P15 PLATZ MS, 1990, KINETICS SPECTROSCOP, P239 PUZA M, 1971, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART, P481 SANDER W, 1988, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V27, P572 SANDER W, 1988, ANGEW CHEM, V100, P577 SANDER W, 1988, J ORG CHEM, V53, P2091 SANDER W, 1990, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V29, P344 SANDER W, 1990, ANGEW CHEM, V102, P362 SANDER WW, 1987, SPECTROCHIM ACTA A, V43, P637 SANDER WW, 1989, J ORG CHEM, V54, P333 SANDER WW, 1989, J ORG CHEM, V54, P4265 SIEBRAND W, 1986, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V19, P238 WHELAND R, 1970, J AM CHEM SOC, V92, P6057; NR: 29; TC: 22; J9: J ORG CHEM; PG: 3; GA: HB875Source type: Electronic(1
- …
