22 research outputs found
'Tá mé ag imeacht': The Execution of Myles Joyce and Its Afterlives
No full textOn 15 December 1882, three men—Myles Joyce, Patrick Joyce, and Patrick Casey—were executed in Galway Jail having been found guilty of the infamous Maamtrasna Murders. The previous August, five members of the Joyce family—John Joyce, his wife Bridget Casey, his mother Margaret, his daughter Peggy, and his son Michael Joyce—were brutally murdered in their home in the isolated Maamtrasna townland, on the borders of Counties Galway and Mayo. Ten men were accused, two of whom later turned ‘queen’s evidence’ against their fellow accused; as a result of the week-long trials held in Dublin in November, three men were sentenced to be hanged and five given prison sentences of life
The response of North Atlantic diadromous fish to multiple stressors including land use change: a multidecadal study
No full textThis is a author-produced PDF of a 'Just in' article published in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version 'The response of North Atlantic diadromous fish to multiple stressors including land use change: a multidecadal study
Elvira de Eyto, Catherine Dalton, Mary M Dillane, Eleanor Jennings, Philip McGinnity, Barry O'Dwyer, Russell Poole, Ger G Rogan, David Taylor
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Published on the web 19 May 2016, 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0450' is available from DOI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0450'Reduction of freshwater habitat quality due to land use change can have significant impacts on diadromous fish. Partitioning this impact from other potential drivers, such as changing marine conditions and climate, is hampered by a lack of long term datasets. Here, four decades of data were used to assess the impact of land use change on Salmo salar L. and anadromous Salmo trutta L. in the Burrishoole catchment, Ireland, one of the few index sites for diadromous fish in the North Atlantic. Land use change was found to have no significant impact on the freshwater survival of either salmon or trout. However, climate impacted significantly on the survival of salmon and trout in freshwater, with poor survival in years with wetter warmer winters, coinciding with positive North Atlantic Oscillation values. Additionally, cold springs were associated with higher survival in trout. The addition of hatchery salmon into the salmon spawning cohort coincided with low freshwater survival. Our results highlight the necessity for a broad ecosystem approach in any conservation effort of these species
Establishing blood gas ranges in healthy bovine neonates differentiated by age, sex, and breed type
No full textABSTRACTCalf mortality and morbidity commonly occurs within the first month of life postpartum. Standard health ranges are invaluable aids in diagnostic veterinary medicine to confirm normal or the degree and nature of abnormal parameters in (sub)clinically ill animals. Extensive research has indicated significant differences between the physiologies of neonate and adult cattle, particularly for blood parameters such as pH, base excess, anion gap, and bicarbonate (HCO3−). The objective of this research was to determine the influence of age, sex, and breed type, in addition to environmental factors, on the normal blood gas profiles of neonatal calves, and thus develop a scientifically validated reference range accounting for any significant factors. The study was conducted on healthy neonatal calves (n = 288), and completed over a 2-yr period. Individual calf blood gas analysis was conducted for parameters of pH, base excess, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, glucose, total hemoglobin, HCO3−, pCO2, anion gap, strong ion difference, and hematocrit levels. Regression procedures examined the combined effect of year, farm, age, breed type, sex, and hours postfeeding on each variable. Significant effects were observed for age, sex, and breed type on several of the blood gas variables. Furthermore, year, farm, and hours postfeeding appeared to have less of an influence on neonatal bovine blood gas profiles. Consequently, specific ranges based on the neonate\u27s age, sex, and breed type will allow for more detailed and accurate diagnosis of health and ill health in neonatal calves
Establishing blood gas ranges in healthy bovine neonates differentiated by age, sex, and breed type
No full textpeer-reviewedCalf mortality and morbidity commonly occurs within the first month of life postpartum. Standard health ranges are invaluable aids in diagnostic veterinary medicine to confirm normal or the degree and nature of abnormal parameters in (sub)clinically ill animals. Extensive research has indicated significant differences between the physiologies of neonate and adult cattle, particularly for blood parameters such as pH, base excess, anion gap, and bicarbonate (HCO3−). The objective of this research was to determine the influence of age, sex, and breed type, in addition to environmental factors, on the normal blood gas profiles of neonatal calves, and thus develop a scientifically validated reference range accounting for any significant factors. The study was conducted on healthy neonatal calves (n = 288), and completed over a 2-yr period. Individual calf blood gas analysis was conducted for parameters of pH, base excess, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, glucose, total hemoglobin, HCO3−, pCO2, anion gap, strong ion difference, and hematocrit levels. Regression procedures examined the combined effect of year, farm, age, breed type, sex, and hours postfeeding on each variable. Significant effects were observed for age, sex, and breed type on several of the blood gas variables. Furthermore, year, farm, and hours postfeeding appeared to have less of an influence on neonatal bovine blood gas profiles. Consequently, specific ranges based on the neonate's age, sex, and breed type will allow for more detailed and accurate diagnosis of health and ill health in neonatal calves
Determining the predictive capability of a Clinical Assessment Scoring Chart to differentiate severity of the clinical consequences of neonatal calf diarrhea relative to gold-standard blood gas analysis
No full textNeonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is a major problem to calf health worldwide, in terms of both morbidity and mortality. A five-point ordinal scale clinical assessment scoring (CAS) chart was utilized to assess calves suffering from NCD-related clinical abnormalities (acidosis and dehydration) on commercial farms. The objective of this research was to determine the predictive capability of this CAS chart against gold standard blood gas parameters, designed to assist farmers in the accurate assessment of the clinical consequences of NCD. A total of 443 diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves were enrolled in the study. The CAS chart rated a calf’s health from no clinical signs to varying degrees of clinical severity on a 0 (clinically normal) to 4 (grave) scale, based on clinical indicators including calf demeanour, ear position, mobility, suckle reflex, desire-to-feed, and enophthalmos. Blood gas analysis was conducted for individual calves, consisting of pH, base excess, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, glucose, total hemoglobin, bicarbonate, anion gap, and strong ion difference. Statistical evaluation was performed by comparison of the CAS score with blood gas profiles using ordinal logistic regression and a non-parametric estimation of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). The ROC analysis indicated that the CAS chart had acceptable specificity (>95%) with low sensitivity (80%) but had reduced accuracy in differentiating mild and moderate cases (peak estimations >50%). The chart, as presented, provides a simple tool to differentiate clinically normal from calves suffering the consequences of diarrhea, but fails to accurately differentiate severity for NCD related acidosis and dehydration. Further efforts are required to enhance the sensitivity and differential diagnostic value of this type of chart.</div
Post-estimate predictions to estimate the CAS score based on specified pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and SID blood gas values.
No full textPost-estimate predictions to estimate the CAS score based on specified pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and SID blood gas values.</p
Non-parametric estimation of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve at lower reference limits of pH, HCO3-, and BE values to identify if the CAS chart can accurately differentiate clinically normal from acidotic/dehydrated calves.
No full textNon-parametric estimation of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve at lower reference limits of pH, HCO3-, and BE values to identify if the CAS chart can accurately differentiate clinically normal from acidotic/dehydrated calves.</p
Non-parametric estimation of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve at various pH, HCO3-, and BE values to identify a theoretical optimal cut-off point at which the CAS chart can accurately differentiate clinically normal from acidotic/dehydrated calves.
No full textNon-parametric estimation of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve at various pH, HCO3-, and BE values to identify a theoretical optimal cut-off point at which the CAS chart can accurately differentiate clinically normal from acidotic/dehydrated calves.</p
Summary statistics for venous blood gas variables, differentiated by CAS score.
No full textSummary statistics for venous blood gas variables, differentiated by CAS score.</p
Clinical assessment scoring chart for assessment of metabolic acidosis and dehydration severity for neonatal calf diarrhea.
No full textClinical assessment scoring chart for assessment of metabolic acidosis and dehydration severity for neonatal calf diarrhea.</p
