86 research outputs found
The impact of light on vase life in (Anthurium andraeanum Hort.) cut flowers
No full textThe impact of light quality and quantity on vase life was investigated using Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Hort.). Cultivars ‘Spirit’ and ‘Honduras’, were chosen based on their contrasting vase life in previous studies, and designated as ‘Vshort’ and ‘Vlong’ respectively. Both cultivars were kept under three light regimes at 12 h day length: fluorescent lights of 40 μmol m-2 s-1, low intensity LEDs producing light at 40 μmol m-2 s-1 and high intensity LEDs producing light at 400 μmol m-2 s-1. Degradation, water uptake and hyperspectral reflectance were measured three times a week as the cut flowers degraded. Spadix necrosis was used to quantify cut flower degradation over time and to determine the vase life for each cultivar. Light regime had a significant impact on vase life and water uptake in Vlong but not in Vshort, with high intensity LEDs resulting in a marked increase in the vase life of Vlong. The rate of water uptake was higher for Vshort, while Vlong maintained moderate and steady water uptake over time, particularly under high intensity LEDs. The reflectance spectrums changed during spathe degradation, with different responses seen in each cultivar. Reflectance spectrums showed consistent changes in the ‘red dip index’ (R800-R685), with Vshort demonstrating an increase in reflectance of red light over time while Vlong increased its absorption of red light over time. Extension of vase life under high intensity light was cultivar-dependent, revealing a previously unknown interaction between light and vase life. The absence of any interaction in the short vase life cultivar suggests that this mechanism is linked to genotypic differences in vase life, while the contrasting reflectance profiles suggest that pigment turnover is important for regulating this mechanism
Genotypic differences in vase life of Anthurium andraeanum (Hort.) cut-flowers are associated with differences in spathe chlorophyll content
No full textAnthurium (Anthurium andraeanum (Hort.)) is an important crop in the worldwide cut-flower industry, valued in particular for its showy colors and long vase life, which varies from a few days to several weeks depending on the cultivar. Previous work suggested that long vase life is associated with the chlorophyll content of the spathe, especially when more light is available. Here we compare the vase life of ten anthurium cultivars covering a range of chlorophyll contents, using two light intensities: low light (40 µmol m −2 s −1) and high light (400 µmol m −2 s −1). The experiment was arranged in a factorial design with six replicate cut-flowers per cultivar per light intensity, and measurements were recorded weekly for cut-flower degradation, water uptake, spathe chlorophyll content and spathe hyperspectral reflectance. Cultivar differences in vase life were positively associated with differences in the initial spathe chlorophyll content (accounting for > 60 % of the variation). The use of high light also significantly increased vase life in three of the high chlorophyll cultivars. Chlorophyll content increased over time in some cultivars, and this increase was associated with extended vase life under high light (accounting for 69 % of the variation). In both cases chlorophyll content provided a better indicator of vase life than the red dip index (R800 nm – R685 nm) derived from hyperspectral reflectance. The results show that cultivars with a high initial chlorophyll content often have an ability to ‘re-green’ by increasing chlorophyll content while in the vase. Both high initial chlorophyll content and the ability to perform re-greening are associated with a longer vase life suggesting that chlorophyll activity in the spathe helps to maintain the cut-flowers. </p
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Safe handling and movement of cocoa germplasm for breeding
No full textCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) originated in South America, but is now cultivated in various parts of the tropics. Movement of cocoa germplasm is often required in breeding programmes to increase the genetic diversity pool or to test clones/progeny in the field. However, such movement brings with it the risks of spread of pests and diseases, many of which are confined to particular geographical locations. Thus, it is critical that movement of germplasm is conducted within a quarantine framework. This chapter reviews the risks associated with the movement of cocoa germplasm. It considers international governance of plant movement and discusses the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre at the University of Reading (ICQC,R) as a hub for safe handling and movement of cocoa germplasm
Genetics of resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus (Trin.Isol.) and some important agronomic traits in Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.
No full textInheritance of Major Spathe Colors in Anthurium andraeanum Hort. Is Determined by Three Major Genes
No full textExploiting the Cocoa genetic variation for flowering time and pod development period for climate adaptation: relationship to selected yield components.
No full text<p>Cocoa beans from the tropical tree crop, cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is the main ingredient in chocolates, cocoa-based confectionaries, beverages, alcohol, cosmetics and nutraceuticals. There is considerable genetic diversity within the species that falls into 10 genetic clades. The diversity is centred in the Amazonian tropics with the greatest diversity observed in populations from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. Climate change poses an important challenge to agriculture, globally, characterised by increased carbon dioxide, elevated temperature and scarcity of rainfall or changes in the rainfall pattern resulting in severe drought. Flowering time and pod development period are important physiological traits associated with geographical adaptation. Although these traits are genetically determined, very little is known regarding the genetic variation for those traits in cocoa and its populations. The presence of representative accessions from the 10 genetic groups as well asvarious geographical populations of cocoa at a single location (International Cocoa Gene Bank, Centeno, Trinidad (ICGT)), allows for a comprehensive study of genetic diversity for flowering time and pod development period without the complication of environmental influences. The study was conducted during the period April to March over two consecutive years (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) with a minimum of 10 accessions from each genetic group and from three hybrid populations. Three trees were selected and labelled and the flowering times noted. From each accession 20 flowers were tagged, and successful pod sets determined after 7 days. At least 10 pods from each accession were followed to maturity with pod length and width measurements taken at fortnightly intervals. At pod maturity the pod dimensions, the number of beans and bean size, bean weight (10 beans-fresh and dry) were determined. This study will help to understand the genetic variation for flowering time and pod development period among the geographical populations of cocoa. It will also help to understand the relationships among the various traits studied. Together this information along with geographical information could provide interesting insights into the evolutionary mechanisms that govern flowering time and pod development period, which in the future will be useful in developing accessions for climate change adaptation. </p><p><strong>KEY WORDS</strong>: climate resilience, genetic variation, pod maturity, average pod growth rate, pod index. </p><p> </p>
Morphophysiological Characteristics Associated with Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Anthurium
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Inheritance and combining ability studies of pod physical and biochemical quality traits in vegetable pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp)
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