91 research outputs found
Conceptualizing dimensions and characteristics of urban resilience: Insights from a co-design process
No full textResilience is a multi-faceted concept frequently used across a wide range of disciplines, practices, and sectors. There is a growing recognition of the utility of resilience as a bridging concept that can facilitate inter-and transdisciplinary approaches to tackle complexities inherent in decision making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Such conditions are common in urban planning, infrastructure planning, asset management, emergency planning, crisis management, and development processes where systemic interdependencies and interests at stake influence decisions and outcomes. A major challenge that can undermine the use of resilience for guiding planning activities is the value-laden and contested nature of the concept that can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Because resilience is context-specific and generally depends on local aspirations, this issue can be partially tackled by adopting participatory approaches for the conceptualization of resilience. This paper provides an example of how co-design methods can be employed for conceptualizing resilience. The Structured Interview Matrix was used as a technique to facilitate discussions among a diverse group of researchers and practitioners attending the International Workshop on Tools and Indicators for Assessing Urban Resilience. Participants deliberated on issues related to constituent elements of urban resilience, including its position vis-à-vis concepts such as adaptation and sustainability, institutional factors that can enable/constrain resilience building, and the challenges of conducting and operationalizing urban resilience assessment. This paper can be considered as an initial step towards further exploration of participatory approaches for clarifying the underlying dimensions of complex concepts such as resilience
Erkundung der sozialen und verhaltensbezogenen Dimensionen der Energienutzung und Klimapolitik
No full textConsumers are at the heart of the energy system. The changing consumption patterns embodied in routine purchases significantly influence the extent of climate change impacts. Yet, their prominence in the energy demand and supply paradigm lends them the potential to also act as agents of change in accelerating energy transitions. Collectively, the mitigation actions associated with systemic changes in consumer behaviour and lifestyles, service provisions and associated socio-technical transitions that modify demand for goods and services, comprise of the class of demand-side solutions.
The research presented in this thesis identifies entry points for further the understanding of demand-side factors interact with consumption levels and their scope for mitigating climate change. Specifically, I investigate social status, status perception and social trust as drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and, inversely, as contributors to climate solutions. My analysis focuses on the developing country case of India, that is expected to significantly contribute to the emissions pathway as it grows and urbanises. I adopt a combination of theoretical and empirical approaches, using secondary and primary household data to determine the direction and significance of the factors with energy demand. I find status perception to be highly significant in driving energy-intensive consumption in terms of car and appliances ownership amongst urban dwellers. Further, through the results I highlight the relevance contextual information such as daily routines, energy use devices and modes of transport owned and used by households, in determining how status is associated with consumption-intensive and -reducing behaviours. Secondly, I also find social trust to play a key role in connecting social elements of the governance system and effective climate policies. The thesis thus highlights the policy relevance of the research insights in terms of targeting high status individuals to test low-carbon solutions and increasing the resolution on status and energy consumption linkages.
Understanding the interaction between difference demand-side factors, contexts and consumption behaviours is crucial to long-term sustainability of even the technology-driven mitigation solutions, in emerging economies and especially in industrialized countries.Die Verbraucher sind das Herzstück des Energiesystems. Die sich ändernden Verbrauchsmuster, die sich in Routinekäufen niederschlagen, beeinflussen das Ausmaß der Auswirkungen des Klimawandels erheblich. Aufgrund ihrer herausragenden Stellung im Paradigma der Energienachfrage und -versorgung haben sie jedoch auch das Potenzial, bei der Beschleunigung des Energiewandels als Akteure des Wandels zu fungieren. Die Maßnahmen zur Abschwächung des Klimawandels, die mit systemischen Veränderungen des Verbraucherverhaltens und des Lebensstils, des Dienstleistungsangebots und der damit verbundenen soziotechnischen Veränderungen, die die Nachfrage nach Gütern und Dienstleistungen verändern, einhergehen, bilden zusammengenommen die Klasse der nachfrageseitigen Lösungen.
Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Forschungsarbeiten zeigen Ansatzpunkte für ein besseres Verständnis der nachfrageseitigen Faktoren auf, die mit dem Verbrauchsniveau interagieren, und deren Möglichkeiten zur Eindämmung des Klimawandels. Konkret untersuche ich den sozialen Status, die Statuswahrnehmung und das soziale Vertrauen als Triebkräfte für Treibhausgasemissionen und umgekehrt als Beitrag zu Lösungen für den Klimawandel. Meine Analyse konzentriert sich auf das Entwicklungsland Indien, von dem erwartet wird, dass es mit seinem Wachstum und seiner Verstädterung erheblich zum Emissionspfad beitragen wird. Ich wende eine Kombination aus theoretischen und empirischen Ansätzen an und verwende sekundäre und primäre Haushaltsdaten, um die Richtung und die Bedeutung der Faktoren für die Energienachfrage zu bestimmen. Ich stelle fest, dass die Statuswahrnehmung für den energieintensiven Verbrauch in Bezug auf den Besitz von Autos und Geräten bei Stadtbewohnern von großer Bedeutung ist. Darüber hinaus unterstreiche ich anhand der Ergebnisse die Relevanz von Kontextinformationen wie tägliche Routinen, Energie verbrauchende Geräte und Verkehrsmittel, die die Haushalte besitzen und nutzen, bei der Bestimmung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Status und verbrauchsintensivem und -reduzierendem Verhalten. Zweitens stelle ich fest, dass soziales Vertrauen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Verknüpfung von sozialen Elementen des Governance-Systems und effektiver Klimapolitik spielt. Die These unterstreicht somit die politische Relevanz der Forschungserkenntnisse im Hinblick auf die Ausrichtung auf Personen mit hohem Status zur Erprobung kohlenstoffarmer Lösungen und die Verbesserung der Auflösung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Status und Energieverbrauch. Das Verständnis der Interaktion zwischen unterschiedlichen nachfrageseitigen Faktoren, Kontexten und Verbrauchsverhalten ist entscheidend für die langfristige Nachhaltigkeit selbst technologiegestützter Klimaschutzlösungen, sowohl in Schwellenländern als auch insbesondere in Industrieländern
Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Intern Terhadap Pemberian Kredit Pada Ued-Sp Panglima Minal Desa Air Putih Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis
No full textThis research was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness the implementation of the internal control system on credit granting "UED-SP Commander in Chief of Air Putih Village of Bengkalis District, Bengkalis
Regency" in the data collection technique the writer uses interview methods, namely collecting information and data through direct interviews with the parties
concerned. dokumntasi which is a method of collecting data and information that is done by examining the documents obtained from the "UED-SP Commander of the Minal". After all data has been collected, the data is grouped according to each type and described descriptively, namely analyzing data by analyzing and comparing theories related to the processes discussed, then drawing conclusions and suggestions. The type of author data used in assisting research is primary and secondary data. Primary data is data collected from the object of research relating to crediting, namely regarding borrower requirements and other attachments
regarding "UED-SP Minal Commander", organizational structure, financial statements consisting of income statement balance sheet, credit position list and
others. From the analysis that has been carried out by the writer, it can be concluded that the control system in the "UED-SP Commander of the Minal" has not run effectively
How legitimate are urban climate planning processes? A comparative assessment of Accra, Ahmedabad, Bonn and São Paulo
No full textUrban climate action plans (UCAPs) guide cities in identifying key climate risks and in addressing climate change. Designed to guide urban transformation over decades through near-term and long-term actions reducing emissions and/or adapting to the consequences of climate change, UCAPs are intended to have significant impacts. Despite their significance for urban climate governance, the procedural quality of how UCAPs are created remains under-analysed. By analysing UCAPs of four cities from different regions of the world - Accra (Ghana), Bonn (Germany), São Paulo (Brazil), and Ahmedabad (India) - we unpack the quality of UCAP creation processes in terms of their legitimacy including whether and how key stakeholders were involved in shaping the plan. Drawing on 72 semi-structured interviews with actors involved in the plan-creation process and complemented by document analysis, this study conceptualises UCAP creation phases and assesses its quality using the framework of input, throughput, and output legitimacy. In terms of key actors, this study highlights the crucial role city networks played in designing and funding UCAP creation processes. Significant differences in UCAP legitimacy with regards to levels of co-production, transparency, accessibility, and substantive participation across the case studies are shown. Based on these findings this study provides actionable insights for the creation of legitimate and impactful UCAPs to promote just and equitable urban transformations
MAKNA DAN KEUTAMAAN DZIKIR (Studi Kitab Aż-Żikru Waddu’ā’ Wa Al-‘Ilāj Birruqo Minal Kitābi Wassunnah Karya Syaikh Sa’id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani)
No full textABSTRAK
Ibadah dzikir sangatlah penting dalam kehidupan seorang
hamba, karena dengan ada dzikir dapat menjadikan seorang hamba
bahagia di dunia maupun di akhirat. Namun masih banyak yang tidak
memahami tentang makna dari dzikir itu sendiri, sehingga keutamaan
dari dzikir itu tidak didapatkan oleh seorang hamba, karena didalam
berdzikir tidak sesuai dengan tuntunan Al-Qur‟an dan As-Sunnah.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu adanya penelitian yang
membahas tentang dzikir, kata dzikir di dalam Al-Qur‟an yang
dijelaskan dalam kitab Mu‟jam Al-Mufahras Li-Alfadzi Al-Qur‟anil
Karim terdapat sebanyak 282 kata dalam 262 ayat pada 71 surah.
Sedangkan kata dzikir dalam kitab Aż-Żikru Waddu‟ā‟ Wa Al-„Ilāj
Birruqo Minal Kitābi Wassunnah terdapat sebanyak 20 kata dalam 17
ayat pada 13 surat. Dan pada penelitian ini penulis fokus mengkaji
ayat Al-Qur‟an yang membahas tentang makna dzikir, yaitu QS. Al
Baqarah/2: 152 dan QS. Al-Ahzab/33: 41, beserta keutamaan dzikir
yang bersumber dari kitab kitab Aż-Żikru Waddu‟ā‟ Wa Al-„Ilāj
Birruqo Minal Kitābi Wassunnah Karya Syaikh Sa‟id Bin Ali Bin
Wahf Al-Qathani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pemanfaatan
dokumen (library research), yaitu mengumpulkan data melalui sebuah
bacaan atau literatur-literatur yang ada kaitannya dengan pembahasan
yang diteliti. Dan sifat penelitiannya adalah kualitatif dengan desain
penelitian menggunakan metode analisis dekriptif yang berguna untuk
memaparkan gambaran komprehensif terkait objek yang diteliti.
Adapun metode analisis data sebagaimana yang diketahui bahwa
penelitian
ini
bersifat
kualitatif
dengan desain penelitian
menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Teknik ini akan
menguraikan fenomena makna dan keutamaan dzikir dalam Al-Qur‟an
secara sistematis dan analisis dengan cermat. Oleh karena itu
penelitian ini menggunakan metode tematik. Metode tematik atau
maudhu‟i adalah sebuah metode yang pembahasannya mengarah pada
tema tertentu, kemudian dicari pandangan Al-Qur‟an terhadap tema
yang akan dibahas dengan cara menghimpun semua ayat yang
berkaitan, selanjutnya di analisis serta dipahami ayat demi ayatnya,
lalu menghimpun ayat yang bersifat umum yang berkaitan dengan
ayat yang bersifat khusus, muthlaq dengan muqayyadnya, dan lainnya.
Serta memperkaya uraian dengan mencantumkan hadits-hadits yang berkaitan dengan tema, lalu disimpulkan dengan sebuah tulisan secara
menyeluruh.
Adapun hasil penelitian skripsi ini makna dzikir yang terdapat
di dalam kitab Aż-Żikru Waddu‟ā‟ Wa Al-„Ilāj Birruqo Minal Kitābi
Wassunnah Karya Syaikh Sa‟id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani adalah
ingat kepada Allah SWT. Dalam hal ini bukan berarti hanya sekedar
ingat kepada-Nya saja, tetapi ingat kepada-Nya dan disempurnakan
dengan ketaatan kepada-Nya. Lebih lanjut lagi Syaikh Sa‟id Bin Ali
Bin Wahf Al-Qathani menjelaskan bahwa pada intinya dzikir itu
adalah melepaskan diri dari sifat lalai dan lupa kepada Allah. Dzikir
yang berarti ingat kepada Allah SWT tidaklah cukup hanya sekali
saja, melainkan berbanyak-banyaklah di dalam berdzikir kepada-Nya.
Allah SWT memerintahkan seorang hamba untuk memperbanyak di
dalam berdzikir kepada-Nya, karena di dalam dzikir tersebut banyak
sekali keutamaannya, keutamaan dzikir yang terdapat didalam kitab
Aż-Żikru Waddu‟ā‟ Wa Al-„Ilāj Birruqo Minal Kitābi Wassunnah
sangatlah banyak, namun pada intinya adalah dzikir dapat menjadi
benteng bagi seorang muslim, benteng bagi kehidupan hati, kekuatan
tubuh, dan kebahagiaan ruh seorang hamba. Kemudian teori dzikir
yang digunakan Syaikh Sa‟id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani adalah
teori dzikir tarbiyah, yaitu suatu amaliyah dalam rangka mengingat
Allah yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendidik diri atau
membina diri, khususnya dalam aspek rohani seorang hamba, agar
lebih dekat dengan Allah dan bertakwa kepada-Nya. Selanjutnya
Syaikh Sa‟id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani membagi dzikir menjadi
lima macam, yang apabila ditinjau dari sisi sarana berdzikir terbagi
menjadi tiga tingkatan, yaitu dzikir jali, dzikir khafi, dan dzikir haqiqi.
Kata Kunci: Makna, Keutamaan, Dzikir, Aż-Żikru Waddu’ā’
Wa Al-‘Ilāj Birruqo Minal Kitābi Wassunnah. ABSTRACT
The practice of dhikr is very important in the life of a servant,
because dhikr can make a servant happy in this world and in the
afterlife. However, there are still many who do not understand the
meaning of dhikr itself, so that the priority of dhikr is not obtained by
a servant, because in dhirk it is not in accordance with the guidance
of the Al-Qur'an and As-Sunnah. Based on this, there is a need for
research that discusses dhikr, the word dhikr in the Al-Qur'an which
is explained in the book Mu'jam Al-Mufahras Li-Alfadzi Al-Qur'anil
Karim, there are 282 words in 262 verses in 71 surahs. Meanwhile,
the word dhikr in the book Aż-Żikru Waddu’ā’ Wa Al-‘Ilāj Birruqo
Minal Kitābi Wassunnah contains 20 words in 17 verses in 13 letters.
And in this research the author focuses on studying verses from the
Koran which discuss the meaning of dhikr, namely QS. Al-Baqarah/2:
152 and QS. Al-Ahzab/33: 41, along with the virtues of dhikr which
come from the book Aż-Żikru Waddu’ā’ Wa Al-‘Ilāj Birruqo Minal
Kitābi Wassunnah by Shaykh Sa'id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani. This
research uses the method of utilizing documents (library research),
namely collecting data through reading or literature that is related to
the discussion being studied. And the nature of the research is
qualitative with a research design using descriptive analysis methods
which are useful for presenting a comprehensive picture regarding the
object being studied. As for the data analysis method, it is known that
this research is qualitative in nature with a research design using
descriptive analysis methods. This technique will explain the
phenomenon of the meaning and priority of dhikr in the Al-Qur'an
systematically and with careful analysis. Therefore, this research uses
a thematic method. The thematic method or maudhu'i is a method
where the discussion focuses on a certain theme, then the view of the
Qur'an is sought on the theme to be discussed by collecting all the
related verses, then analyzing and understanding them verse by verse,
then collecting general verses related to specific verses, muthlaq with
their muqayyad, and others. As well as enriching the description by
including hadiths related to the theme, then concluding with a
comprehensive article.
As for the results of this thesis research, the meaning of dhikr
contained in the book Aż-Żikru Waddu'ā' Wa Al-'Ilāj Birruqo Minal
Kitābi Wassunnah by Shaykh Sa'id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani is remembering Allah SWT. In this case it does not mean just
remembering Him, but remembering Him and being perfected by
obedience to Him. Furthermore, Shaykh Sa'id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al
Qathani explained that in essence dhikr is to free oneself from being
careless and forgetting Allah. Dhikr, which means remembering Allah
SWT, is not enough just once, but do lots of dhikr to Him. Allah SWT
commands a servant to increase his dhikr to Him, because in dhikr
there are many advantages, the advantages of dhikr contained in the
book Aż-Żikru Waddu’ā’ Wa Al-‘Ilāj Birruqo Minal Kitābi
Wassunnah are very many, but in essence dhikr can be a fortress for a
Muslim, a fortress for the life of the heart, strength of the body, and
happiness of the soul of a servant. Then the theory of dhikr used by
Sheikh Sa'id Bin Ali Bin Wahf Al-Qathani is the theory of tarbiyah
dhikr, which is an amaliyah in the context of remembering Allah
which is carried out with the aim of educating oneself or developing
oneself, especially in the spiritual aspect of a servant, to be closer to
Allah and pious to Him. Furthermore, Sheikh Sa'id Bin Ali Bin Wahf
Al-Qathani divides dhikr into five types, which when viewed from the
side of the means of dhikr are divided into three levels, namely jali
dhikr, khafi dhikr, and haqiqi dhikr.
Keywords: Meaning, Virtue, Dhikr, Aż-Żikru Waddu’ā’ Wa Al
‘Ilāj Birruqo Minal Kitābi Wassunnah
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