162,413 research outputs found
Reception for Dr. Patel, 1990
No full textReception for Dr. Patel at the International Education Centre. (L-R): Professor Krishna Ahooja-Patel; Joy Wodfrey-Director of I.E.C; Dr. Henry Veitmeyer, Saint Mary`s University; Dr. Pat Connelly, Saint Mary`s University; Dr. Patel; Agnes James- IDS Secretary. This photo is part of the International Education Centre fonds (1998.12). Additional photos available
Silver(I) complexes with the mixed P/O donor ligand Ph2P(CH2)(2)O(CH2)(2)O(CH2)(2)PPh2 (L-1) and the crystal structures of Ag(L-1) (CF3SO3), Ag-2(L-1)(3) (CF3SO3)(2) and Ag(L-1)(NO3)
No full textThe Ag(l) salts AgY (Y = ClO4, CF3SO3, NO3, Cl or I) react with one molar equivalent of the diphosphinodiether ligand Ph2P(CH2)(2)O(CH2)(2)O(CH2)(2)PPh2 (L-1) to give 1:1 species of stoichiometry Ag(L-1)Y. The structures of these species have been investigated in solution by P-31 NMR spectroscopy and for [Ag(L-1)](ClO4), [Ag(L-1)](CF3SO3) and [Ag(L-1)(NO3)] in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In particular, the Ag-107-P and Ag-109-P coupling constants provide a convenient method for identifying the solution speciation, especially for the occurrence of anion coordination in the nitrate and halide complexes. The conclusions from the NMR spectroscopic studies are also consistent with the solid state structures. Addition of a further equivalent of L-1 to [Ag(L-1)](CF3SO3) results in a very significant drop in the Ag-P coupling constants, indicative of higher P-coordination at Ag(l), now involving three P-donor atoms. This conclusion is also borne out by a crystallographic study on [Ag-2(L-1)(3)](CF3SO3)(2) which shows a dinuclear cation with one chelating L-1 and one bridging L-1 ligand coordinated to each metal centre, giving a distorted trigonal planar geometry
Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: does mental health play a role?
No full textMiranda and Patel argue that mental disorders are among the most important causes of disability and premature mortality in developing countries
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF INCOME AND EDUCATION USING THE UK NATIONAL AND DIETARY SURVEY (NDNS) DATA
No full textDiet substantially contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. High adherence to the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) has been proved effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as to prevent CVD risk factors in the general population. Little is known about time trends in diet quality and associated inequalities in the United Kingdom (UK). In addition, the causal pathway between education and dietary choices has not been fully explained and the role of income in preventing a healthy diet has not been clarified. This doctorate firstly, aimed to quantify the differences in adherence to the DASH in relation to socioeconomic position (SEP) in the UK and to evaluate recent trends. Secondly, it aimed to quantify the mediating effect of income on the relationship between education and the DASH score in the UK population.
Data used for analysis was obtained from three waves of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS) 2008-2012, 2013-2014 and 2015-2016). The DASH score was calculated based on Fung et al methodology and was calculated using sex-specific quintiles of DASH items. For the first part of the analysis (Paper 2) data analysis included 6435 subjects aged 18 and older who participated in the NDNS. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between the socioeconomic variables and the DASH score. Quantile regression analysis was used to model the median intake of each component as a function of the socioeconomic variable and the survey year. In the second analysis (Paper 3), analysis was done on
4864 subjects aged 18 and older. Counterfactual-based mediation analysis was carried out to decompose the total effect of education on DASH score into average direct effect (ADE) and average causal mediation effect (ACME) mediated by income.
A gradient relationship between the DASH score and all socioeconomic variables emerged with increasing values of the score at higher socioeconomic positions (SEP effect p value: <0.0001 for education, occupation, and income) in the initial analysis. The interaction term between survey year and the socioeconomic variables was not significant showing that the trend was not different across socioeconomic groups (p >0.05). The estimated difference between people with no qualification and those having the highest level of education was -3.59 points (95% CI: -3.91; -3.20). The difference between people engaged in routine occupations and those engaged in high managerial and professional occupations was -3.40 points (95% CI: -3.87; -2.92), and the difference between subjects in the first fifth and last fifth of the household income distribution was -2.73 points (95% CI: -3.16; -2.29). The widest socioeconomic differences emerged for consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds and legumes. Mediation analysis indicated that the overall mediating effect of income on the relationship between education and the DASH score was only partial, with an estimated proportion mediated ranging between 6 to 9%. The mediating effect was higher among women (11.6%) and younger people (17.9%).
Findings from this doctorate add an important contribution to the existing literature and more importantly, provide an updated picture of socio-economic inequalities in diet amongst UK adults in context of the whole diet. The results show that overall, the DASH score increased over time, yet the overall score remains low. Moreover,
persistent disparities between individuals with higher versus lower SEP were observed. Additional analysis indicates that low income plays a modest role in explaining educational differences in the UK population. Further research is needed to investigate which other factors may explain differences in diet quality.
In conclusion, findings in this doctorate have substantial implications for public nutrition policy. An immediate implication is the need for public nutrition policies that are individualised to SEP. Targeted interventions for those within the lower SEP need a multi-factorial approach not just focusing on the cost of food but on other factors such as nutrition literacy, attitudes towards healthy eating as well as access to healthy food. Further research is needed to fully investigate which other factors may explain the socioeconomic inequality in the adoption of the DASH diet in UK.
THE THESIS IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PUBLISHED PAPERS
1. Patel,L.Alicandro,G,LaVecchia,C(2018).Low-CalorieBeverageConsumption, Diet Quality and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in British Adults. Nutrients, 10
2. Patel L, Alicandro G, La Vecchia C (2020) Dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and associated socioeconomic inequalities in the United Kingdom. Br J Nutr, 1-24. – AWARDED UK NUTRITION SOCIETY PAPER OF THE MONTH JUNE 2020.
3. Patel L, Bertuccio P, Alicandro G, La Vecchia C (2020). Educational inequality in the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in the UK: evaluating the mediating role of income. Br J Nutr, 1-2
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[TXSSAR members with Elizabeth Patel at April 3, 2019 DAR event]
No full textPhotograph of members of the TXSSAR with Elizabeth Patel at a Daughters of the American Revolution event on April 3, 2019. Members of the group have been identified as: (l-r) David Friels, Allan Husch, Ron Carter, Ned Myers, Jerry Cope, Dan Hamilton, John Anderson, and Elizabeth Patel. They are standing in a row, looking at the camera and smiling. Patel is holding a Certificate of Appreciation in both hands
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