1,721,083 research outputs found
SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS IN SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
No full textAkhilesh Kumar*, Ashwin Patel, Smita Singh*, BK Tiwari*, Rajesh Singh* and AK Pande
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Intrinsic and viral regulation of the innate immune receptor RIG-I
No full textRetinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a helicase and innate immune receptor that recognizes viral 5’ triphosphorylated (5’PPP), blunt-ended dsRNAs. RIG-I activation stimulates the production of Type I interferons and cytokines that establish a cellular antiviral state and trigger the adaptive immune system. Due to the potent immune response from RIG-I activation, it is imperative that RIG-I remains autoinhibited in the absence of foreign RNA; recognition of self-RNAs, which are cytoplasmically abundant, leads to autoimmunity. The mRNA 5’ cap, a common self-RNA motif, combines the presence of an inverted G-cap and 2’-O ribose methylation to evade RIG-I recognition. Recently, RNAs capped with noncanonical moieties like NAD⁺, rather than the canonical G-cap, have been identified; however, it is unknown whether these non-canonically capped RNAs would activate RIG-I. Viruses have mechanisms to inactivate and evade RIG-I signaling, including influenza B virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1B), whose expression leads to downregulation of RIG-I signaling. However, the exact mechanism by which the RNA-binding NS1B protein downregulates RIG-I signaling was unknown. My thesis addressed the following three questions: What intrinsic mechanisms prevent RIG-I from binding self RNA? Does RIG-I recognize the non-canonical capped dsRNAs? Does the influenza virus NS1B have RNA specificity and does it compete with RIG-I for RNA binding?
The signaling domains in RIG-I are connected to the helicase domain through a ~50 amino acids linker (CARD2-Hel1 linker or CHL), which is intrinsically disordered and negatively charged. Such regions often have regulatory functions; hence, I set out to understand the role of CHL using an array of biophysical, biochemical, and cellular assays with a panel of self and nonself-RNAs. My studies demonstrated that the CHL is responsible for three functions essential for RIG-I regulation. First, the CHL stabilizes the autoinhibitory CARD2:Hel2i interface known to enhance RIG-I’s RNA discriminatory ability by sequestering the signaling CARDs. Second, the CHL utilizes its negative charge to compete with incoming RNAs for the nonspecific helicase domain, ensuring C-terminal domain’s (CTD) fidelity for 5’PPP RNA. Third, the CHL destabilizes the RIG-I:RNA binding complex through an unidentified mechanism. This work was the first description of the CHL's role during intrinsic RIG-I regulation and thus is the first to recognize this linker as a crucial regulatory domain.
While it is well-understood that RIG-I discriminates against the host mRNA cap, recently, a new class of RNA caps has been identified in various organisms, including humans. Metabolites, such as NAD⁺ and FAD, can be used as the initiating nucleotide during transcription. The resulting RNA has a capped structure independent of the normal mRNA capping enzymes. These caps have not been identified with the same critical 2’-O ribose methylation in the mRNA cap that contributes to RIG-I evasion. I demonstrated using biochemical and cell-based assays that RIG-I binds to these alternatively capped RNAs with similar affinities as the 5’ PPP RNAs. The capped RNAs also stimulated the RIG-I signaling pathway comparable to the 5’PPP RNA. Thus, my work has discovered a new class of immunogenic RNAs that can be functionalized and leveraged in RIG-I based therapeutics. Non-canonical capped RNAs are found in bacteria, fungi, and mitochondria, and it remains to be determined whether RIG-I recognizing these non-viral RNAs is important for host immune function.
Influenza B virus, like all viruses, has multiple avenues to evade or down-regulate the host immune system. One such method is viral NS1 protein, which inhibits the RIG-I signaling pathway. NS1 of influenza B (NS1B) has a novel RNA binding domain in its C-terminal domain (CTD) which is not found in the closely related NS1 of influenza A. Using biophysical, biochemical, and cell-based assays and demonstrated that NS1B-CTD specifically recognizes blunt-ended, 5’ PPP dsRNA, RNA which potently activates RIG-I. The segmented influenza viral panhandle genomes also contain 5’PPP dsRNA ends. My work suggests that NS1 can specifically bind to these ends, obscuring viral genomic RNA from RIG-I recognition.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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