274 research outputs found
Generative modeling for relational databases
No full textThesis: M. Eng. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-80).The goal of this thesis is to build a system that automatically creates synthetic data for enabling data science endeavors. To meet this goal, we present the Synthetic Data Vault (SDV), a system that builds generative models of relational databases. We are able to sample from the model and create synthetic data, hence the name SDV. When implementing the SDV, we developed an algorithm that computes statistics at the intersection of related database tables. We then use a state-of-the-art multivariate modeling approach to model this data. The SDV iterates through all possible relations, ultimately creating a model for the entire database. Once this model is computed, the same relational information allows the SDV to synthesize data by sampling from any part of the database. After building the SDV, we used it to generate synthetic data for five different publicly available datasets. We then published the datasets and asked data scientists to develop predictive models for them as part of a crowdsourced experiment. On May 18, 2016, preliminary analysis from the ongoing experiment provided evidence that the synthetic data can successfully replace original data for data science. Our analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in the work produced by data scientists who used synthetic data as opposed to real data. We conclude that the SDV is a viable solution for synthetic data generation. Our primary contribution is that we designed and implemented the first generative modeling system for relational databases that demonstratively synthesizes realistic data.by Neha Patki.M. Eng. in Computer Science and Engineerin
Effect of modern and traditional methods of preparation on the composition and flavor profiles of ghee
No full textGhee is a clarified milk-fat product originally from India. Ghee is prepared traditionally by culturing whole milk with lactic acid bacteria, prior to further processing steps. Industrially ghee is made by directly heating cream separated from whole milk. This research focuses on comparing chemical profiles of ghee made from different sources of milk and by different methods of preparation. Raw (non-pasteurized, non-homogenized) organic-grass fed cow milk and regular diet fed cow milk was obtained from Birchwood Farms, PA and Readington Farms, NJ respectively. Bacterial culture typical to ‘Dahi’ or Indian-style yogurt was obtained from Danisco. Ghee samples were made using these materials by three different methods (Direct cream method, Traditional method and Cultured cream method). Fatty acid profiles were elucidated using the FAMEs method using GC-MS. Non-saponifiable matter was analyzed using GC-Ms as well. Headspace volatiles were analyzed to elucidate differences in flavor profiles. Sensory evaluation was carried out on ghee made from grass-fed cow milk to identify whether the methods of preparation had an impact on the aroma profile. The results from all the analyses were compared for the different samples. Non-detectable differences were found in the fatty acid profiles and the non-saponifiable fractions of the different ghee samples. Cholesterol content in each sample was calculated. Method of preparation did not affect the chemical profiles of ghee significantly. Concentration of fatty acids was not affected by the source of milk or the method of preparation. This was analyzed by doing a two-factor ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). However, significant differences were found in their aroma profiles (based on sensory evaluation), instrumental color measurements and headspace volatile profiles. Thus the source of milk or method of preparation did not affect the fatty acid profiles of ghee however, method of preparation influenced the sensory properties and the flavor profiles.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Neha M Bhid
Competing bimetallic ratios: Amsterdam, London and bullion arbitrage in the 18th century
Get PDFThis article analyses the stability of bimetallism in the mid-18th century for the case of two large centres that had different legal ratios and only one international market ratio. A new theoretical framework is articulated for the situation of international independence to set legal bimetallic ratios by monetary authorities in different countries. Then, using new data handcollected from archival sources and relevant to the two main bullion markets in the 18th century, Amsterdam and London, this theoretical framework is utilised to identify the regimes that actually prevailed during that period, in which Amsterdam was effectively on the bimetallic standard while London was on the gold standard de facto.Bimetallism, Bimetallic stability, Bullion markets, Arbitrage, Specie-point mechanism, Melting-minting points
Measuring Sustainability with Macroeconomic Data for India
Get PDFThis paper investigates certain macro data on the Indian economy to draw inferences on the sustainability of the economic growth experienced over the last couple of decades. Interpreting sustainability in terms of the maintenance of different forms of capital to ensure that future consumption levels are at least as high as current levels, estimates of investment have been made using theoretically consistent models and data relevant to the Indian context. Subsequently, the paper investigates the extent to which the investment that has taken place over a thirty year period (from 1976-77 to 2004-05) has been aligned with the consumption path. Investment estimates are found to be a reliable indicator of sustainability of the future consumption path and average future consumption is likely to be higher than current consumption. The findings reveal that while capital formation in manufactured assets has been fuelling wealth accumulation in the economy, there has been a rise in the degradation of natural capital stocks. However, considering the aggregate picture, taking note of investment in human capital, produced capital and the depreciation of natural capital, there has been net wealth accumulation in the economy. Per capita wealth has been rising over the period, with a sharp rise observed from the mid 1990s onwards.sustainable development, investment, Future Consumption, Per Capita Wealth, Human and Natural capital
After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
Get PDFThis paper documents the size and timing of the world inter-continental trade boom following the greate voyages in the 1490s of Columbus, da Gama and their followers. Indeed, a trade boom followed over the subsequent three centuries. But what was its cause? The conventionnal wisdom in the world history literature offers globalization as the answer: it alleges that declining trade barriers falling transport costs and overseas "discovery" explains the boom. In contrast, this paper reports the evidence that confirms unambiguously that there was no commodity price convergence between continents, something that would have emerged had globalization been a force that mattered. Thus, the trade boom must have been caused by some combination of European import demand and foreign export supply from Asia and the Americas. Furthermore, the behavior of the relative price of foreign importables in European cities should tell us which mattered most and when. We offer detailed evidence on the relative prices of such importables in European markets over the five centuries 1350-1850. We then offer a model which is used to decompose the sources of the trade boom 1500-1800.
After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
Get PDFThis paper documents the size and timing of the world inter-continental trade boom following the great voyages in the 1490s of Columbus, da Gama and their followers. Indeed, a trade boom followed over the subsequent three centuries. But what was its cause? The conventional wisdom in the world history literature offers globalization as the answer: it alleges that declining trade barriers, falling transport costs and overseas "discovery" explains the boom. In contrast, this paper reports the evidence that confirms unambiguously that there was no commodity price convergence between continents, something that would have emerged had globalization been a force that mattered. Thus, the trade boom must have been caused by some combination of European import demand and foreign export supply from Asia and the Americas. Furthermore, the behavior of the relative price of foreign importables in European cities should tell us which mattered most and when. We offer detailed evidence on the relative prices of such importables in European markets over the five centuries 1350-1850. We then offer a model which is used to decompose the sources of the trade boom 1500-1800.
After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
Get PDFThis paper documents the size and timing of the world inter-continental trade boom following the great voyages in the 1490s of Columbus, da Gama and their followers. Indeed, a trade boom followed over the subsequent three centuries. But what was its cause? The conventional wisdom in the world history literature offers globalization as the answer: it alleges that declining trade barriers, falling transport costs and overseas 'discovery' explains the boom. In contrast, this paper reports the evidence that confirms unambiguously that there was no commodity price convergence between continents, something that would have emerged had globalization been a force that mattered. Thus, the trade boom must have been caused by some combination of European import demand and foreign export supply from Asia and the Americas. Furthermore, the behavior of the relative price of foreign importables in European cities should tell us which mattered most and when. We offer detailed evidence on the relative prices of such importables in European markets over the five centuries1350-1850. We then offer a model which is used to decompose the sources of the trade boom 1500-1800.
Investigation on structural properties of M-type strontium hexaferrite synthesized in presence of neem and aloe-vera plant leaves extract
No full textStudies on some ternary complexes of CuII with diamines and hydroxy acid
No full textDepartment of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384 265, Gujarat, India
Department of Chemistry, Gujarat Vidyapith, Sadra-382 320, Dist. Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Gujarat, India
Manuscript received 27 May 2004, revised 28 November 2005, accepted 23 March 2006
Solution studies on ternary complexes of CuII with diamines (A) viz. ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, o-, m- or p-phenylenediamine and salicylic acid (HzL) in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 have been investigatedby pH metric technique at μ = 0.2 M (NaCIO4) and at temperature 30 ± 0.1 °C in aqueous media. The formation constant values for ternary system CuII-diamine-salicylic acid has been calculated and probable species like H2L, HL, CuALH, CuAL2 etc. are pruned with FORTRAN IV computer program. These values are discussed in terms of basicity of primary and secondary ligand, size of chelate ring, Δ log KT values and different statistical factors such as metal-ligand interaction, structure of ligands and intermolecular ligand-ligand interactions. Structure of complexes is suggested on the basis of molecular modeling
Exploring Indian Indigenous Counselling Techniques: Evaluating their Effectiveness and Contribution to Counselling Psychology
Get PDFA thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Counselling PsychologyThe purpose of this study was to explore whether Indian counsellors and psychotherapists in the UK practice in an indigenous way with their Indian clients. The aim was to find out more information about the different types of Indian indigenous interventions that may currently be used by these professionals. The study also bridges the gap in the literature about the lack of research on the practical uses and applications of Indian indigenous counselling skills in the UK.The study reports data from six face-to-face open-ended semi-structured interviews with Indian counsellors who have been trained in Western psychotherapeutic approaches and have knowledge of Indian psychotherapeutic approaches. The research was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Firstly, the analysis concluded the use of several Indian indigenous interventions used by the participants, such as Prekshadhyan which can be used for psychosomatic pain relief, Jain virtue of forgiveness which can be useful for working with sexual abuse, use of spirituality and cultural beliefs for bereavement, and so on. Secondly, the analysis identified some of the most common barriers to therapy (e.g. stigmas and taboos) experienced by Indian clients in the UK, and it provided suggestions on how to overcome these. Finally, the analysis suggested factors that therapists should pay attention to (e.g. client context and use of Indian languages) in order to maximise Indian clients’ engagement in therapy and to minimise their exclusion from it
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