65,172 research outputs found
Castianeira tinae Patel & Patel 1973
No full textCastianeira tinae Patel & Patel, 1973 Castianeira Tinae Patel & Patel, 1973: 6, fig. 3a–g (♂ ♀). Castianeira tinae: Feng, 1990: 173, fig. 148.1–4 (not ♂, ♀); Majumder & Tikader, 1991: 140, figs 292–296 (♀). Remarks. This species was described based on male and female specimens collected from Vallabh Vidhyanagar (22 o 32’51.56’’N, 72 o 55’30.50’’E; 41 m alt) in Gujarat. The type material of this species was not examined as it is not deposited in NZC-ZSI. It is noteworthy that Patel and Patel (1973) provided no repository information for this species. The original illustrations, even though they are highly schematic, provide hints regarding similarity of this species with Castianeira zetes Simon, 1897, particularly the shape and orientation of the embolus, and outline of the epigyne. The male pedipalp of this species illustrated in Feng (1990: figs 148.3–4) is, however, not of a Castianeira species, but is of Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1887) (cf. Feng 1990: fig. 148.3 and Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: fig. 469). The subsequent illustrations of the epigyne of C. tinae (Feng 1990: fig. 148.1–2; Majumder & Tikader 1991: figs 293–294) also indicate its resemblance to C. zetes. However, its synonymy with C. zetes can only be confirmed after examining the type specimen of the species.Published as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2019, New synonymies and transfers in Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from India, pp. 331-340 in Zootaxa 4623 (2) on page 332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/325549
Transcanal infrapromontorial approach for internal auditory canal surgery and cochlear implantation.
No full textObjective: To demonstrate the feasibility of a transcanal infrapromontorial approach for vestibular schwannoma surgery through an anatomical dissection study and the description of a clinical case. Methods: A microscopic and endoscopic dissection of cadaveric heads was undertaken through a transcanal infrapromontorial approach to the internal auditory canal (IAC), preserving the cochlea and the cochlear nerve. Description of the anatomy and surgical steps is reported as well as presentation of a clinical case in which a transcanal infrapromontorial approach was performed. Results: In all of the cadaveric dissections, a transcanal infrapromontorial route with near total cochlea preservation was performed, removing only the most posterior portion of the basal turn of the cochlea. The IAC was opened through removal of "cochlear-vestibular bone". At the end of the dissection a cochlear implant array was placed. A transcanal infrapromontorial approach was also performed in a patient to allow a concurrent cochlear implant placement, with good postoperative results. Conclusion: The transcanal infrapromontorial approach permits the preservation of the cochlea and the cochlear nerve. This approach may be considered as an option in case of a small intracanalicular schwannoma removal (< 0.5 cm cerebellopontine angle spread), when concurrent cochlear implantation is indicated
Figure 2. A–C. Habits. —A. Phegopteris excelsior N. R. Patel & A. V in Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): A New Species of North American Tetraploid Beech Fern
No full textFigure 2. A–C. Habits. —A. Phegopteris excelsior N. R. Patel & A. V. Gilman (Gilman 98067 & Lambert, VT). —B. Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt. (Gilman 2K123, VT). —C. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée (Gilman 2K082, VT). D–F. Close-ups of basal pinnae. —D. Phegopteris connectilis (Gilman 2K123, VT). —E. Phegopteris excelsior (Gilman 98067 & Lambert, VT). —F. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (House 289434, UC). The approximate basal pinnae length:width ratio for P. hexagonoptera is 3:1, for P. connectilis 4:1, and for P. excelsior 5:1. The basal pinnae of P. connectilis and P. excelsior are usually widest below the middle, and those of P. connectilis are usually widest above the middle.Published as part of Patel, Nikisha R., Fawcett, Susan & Gilman, Arthur V., 2019, Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): A New Species of North American Tetraploid Beech Fern, pp. 211-218 in Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 27 (4) on page 215, DOI: 10.3417/2019409, http://zenodo.org/record/456191
Tirmilyra Patel & Naderloo & Trivedi & Mitra 2023, n. gen.
No full textTirmilyra n. gen. (Figs. 1–4) Type species. Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896), by present designation. Species included. Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) n. comb., Tirmilyra concinnus (Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995) n. comb. Diagnosis. Carapace hexagonal, slightly longer than broad; dorsal surface with regions relatively distinct; gastric, cardiac, branchial, intestinal regions elevated, granules or tubercles arranged in form of three broad ridges, uniting on gastric region forming "arrow" pointing forward (Fig. 1A, B, D, E); median ridge extending from progastric region to intestinal region, lateral ridges extending downwards parallel to anterolateral margins, merging with postero-lateral margins; metagastric region with or without tubercle (Fig. 1A, B, D, E); front straight or bilobed, epistome projecting beyond edge of front; hepatic region excavated, forming depression; upper, lower margins beaded, originating from mid anterolateral margin, not merging anteriorly; broadly triangular tooth projecting on anterior half of lower border of anterolateral margin (Fig. 1A, B, D, E); anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior margins beaded; anterolateral margins merging with posterolateral margin to form broad triangular tooth (Fig. 1A, B, D, E); posterior margin straight to slightly convex, with or without small median tooth in males (Figs. 1A, B, D, E), absent in females (Fig. 2A, C), pointed or blunt dorsoventrally flattened teeth on lateral sides of posterior margin (Figs. 1A, B, D, E; 2A, C). Maxilliped 3 smooth, merus notched; ischium longer than wide, longer than merus; exopod slender, elongated, outer margin convex, setate (Fig. 3A, C). Chelipeds equal; merus, carpus granulated; merus triquetral in cross-section with edges raised and granular; cutting edges of fingers toothed with sparse setae (Figs. 1A, D–F; 2A, C). P2–P5 slender; glabrous (Figs. 1A, D–F, 2A, C). Male pleon with three articulating somites, smooth; somite 1 narrow; somites 2–6 fused, immovable. Telson elongated, apex rounded (Fig. 1C, E; 3B, D). Female pleon ovate; somite 1 free; somites 2–6 fused, suture clearly visible between somites 2 and 3, partial suture visible between somites 3–4 and 5–6. Telson longer than wide, with curved apex (Fig. 2B, D). G1 long, slender, apical process slender, elongated, curved with tapering or spatulate tip, apical lobe setose (Fig. 4A–F). Female gonopore (Fig. 5A, C) on inner anterior edge of sternite 5, oval in shape. Etymology. The new genus is named in honour of late Professor Nasima M. Tirmizi of the University of Karachi, Pakistan, for her valuable contribution to taxonomic studies on brachyuran crabs of the Indian Ocean; used in arbitrary combination with the genus name Philyra. Gender: feminine Remarks. Galil (2009), in her revision of Philyra Leach, 1817, separated the genus into two groups. The first group with the first two male pleonites free (Philyra sensu stricto, Afrophila Galil, 2009, Atlantolocia Galil, 2009, Ryphila Galil, 2009, Ovilyra Ng, 2021, Alocolyra Trivedi, Mitra & Ng, 2022) and second group with the first two somites articulated (Atlantophila Galil, 2009, Lyphira Galil, 2009, Pyrhila Galil, 2009, Hiplyra Galil, 2009). In this regard, Tirmilyra n. gen. belongs to the second group of genera. However, Tirmilyra n. gen. can be immediately distinguished from other genera of second group on the basis of following characteristics: hexagonal carapace, carapace without punctae and bearing three broad tuberculated ridges uniting to form a "broad-arrow" pointing forwards and the male G1 straight, slender, with apical process curved with or without spatulated end. The morphological comparison between Tirmilyra n. gen. and closely related genera is given in Table 1.Published as part of Patel, Krupal, Naderloo, Reza, Trivedi, Jigneshkumar & Mitra, Santanu, 2023, On the taxonomy of Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) and P. concinnus Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae), with description of a new genus from the Indian Ocean, pp. 430-440 in Zootaxa 5330 (3) on pages 431-434, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/825490
The protympanum, protiniculum and subtensor recess: an endoscopic morphological anatomy study
No full textObjectives: An anatomical study was performed to describe the endoscopic anatomy and variations of the protympanum, including classification of the protiniculum and subtensor recess. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of video recordings of cadaveric dissections and surgical procedures, which included visualisation of the protympanum, across 4 tertiary university referral centres over a 16-month period. A total of 97 ears were used in the analysis. Results: A quadrangular conformation of the protympanum was seen in 60 per cent of ears and a triangular conformation in 40 per cent. The protiniculum was type A (ridge) in 58 per cent, type B (bridge) in 23 per cent and type C (absent) in 19 per cent. The subtensor recess was type A (absent) in 30 per cent, type B (shallow) in 48 per cent and type C (deep) in 22 per cent. Conclusion: The protympanum is an area that has been ignored for many years because of difficulties in visualising it with an operating microscope. However, modern endoscopic equipment has changed this, providing detailed anatomical knowledge fundamental to ensuring the safety of endoscopic surgical procedures in the region
Nilus decoratus Patel & Reddy 1990, comb. nov.
No full textNilus decoratus (Patel & Reddy 1990) comb. nov. Fig. 18: 3 Pisaura decorata Patel & Reddy 1990: 37, figs 1 a–d (description of female; holotype, female, and 1 female paratype from India, Guntur District, Valiveru, T.S. Reddy leg. 11 XII. 1986, NZSI, not examined as not available from the NZSI). Note. Based on the female copulatory organ and the characteristic dorsal colour pattern of the body (Patel & Reddy 1990: figs 1 a–d), this species clearly belongs to Nilus, as defined in this paper. The species seems to be close to N. paralbocinctus comb. nov. (cf. Jäger 2007: figs 44–46; sub Thalassius).Published as part of Jäger, Peter, 2011, Revision of the spider genera Nilus O. Pickard-Cambridge 1876, Sphedanus Thorell 1877 and Dendrolycosa Doleschall 1859 (Araneae: Pisauridae), pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 3046 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27884
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Protympanum
No full textThe protympanum, a final common pathway between the tympanic cavity and external environment, is gaining relevance due to the ease and completeness of visualization with angled endoscopes. Two primary conformations are described, quadrangular and triangular, and new anatomic structures such as the protiniculum, subtensor recess, and protympanic spine are defined. Surgical relevance of the protympanum is described with respect to ventilation, cholesteatoma, cerebrospinal fluid leak, otic neuralgia, and surgical access to the eustachian tube
Fundamental Study of 1-D Semiconductor and Nanoscale Electrode Architectures for Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting
No full textPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for the production of clean hydrogen, long identified as a potential energy carrier for the much awaited hydrogen economy. Clean hydrogen is indeed capable of meeting the global energy demand placing minimal stress on the environment compared to hitherto combustion based technologies. Generation of clean hydrogen however, represents major challenges. Identification and development of suitable semiconductor materials as photoanodes exhibiting narrow band gap and superior solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (STH) combined with the desired PEC stability would represent a major breakthrough in the arduous path towards identifying and economically manufacturing commercially viable PEC water splitting systems. In addition to the photoanode, engineering of novel non-noble based cathode electro-catalysts with superior electrochemical activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compared to expensive state of the art noble metal electro-catalyst (e.g. Pt) will significantly contribute towards further lowering the cost of PEC water splitting cells.
Keeping in line with these goals, a co-doping strategy was adopted in this study for generating photoanodes with systematic band gap engineering. Accordingly, the co-doping strategy was implemented to modify the band gaps of ZnO and SnO2, which exhibit good electron mobility but possess wide band gaps yielding poor PEC activity. It was demonstrated that by synergistically co-doping Co and N into the ZnO lattice, and Nb and N co-doping into SnO2 crystalline structure resulted in significantly improved light absorption properties offering 4-5 orders of magnitude higher carrier density contributing to remarkably higher PEC activity with the highest applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) (~4.1%) obtained for (Sn0.95Nb0.05)O2:N-600 nanotubes (NTs). The optoelectronic and PEC properties of (Sn0.95Nb0.05)O2:N-600 NTs are further improved by developing novel 1-D bilayer structures of WO3 and (Sn0.95Nb0.05)O2:N-600. The novel bilayer composite heterostructures offered improved light absorption, high carrier density and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers leading to long carrier lifetimes. As a result, superior PEC activity and STH (~3.83%) under zero applied bias was achieved, which is the highest STH obtained so far compared to other well-studied materials such as TiO2, ZnO, -Fe2O3, to the best of our knowledge. The composite bilayer structure also showed superior PEC stability in electrolyte solution under illumination.
Furthermore, ultra-low noble metal containing non-noble metals based Co1-x(Irx) (x=0.3, 0.4) and completely noble metal free (Cu0.83Co0.17)3P:x at. %S (x=10, 20, 30) solid solution electro-catalyst systems have been studied as cathode electro-catalyst for HER. The synergistic interaction of Co and Ir as well as Cu, Co, P and S offered excellent electrochemical properties. Accordingly, Co1-x(Irx) (x=0.3, 0.4) displayed ~40% and ~93% improved electrocatalytic response compared to Pt/C. On the other hand, (Cu0.83Co0.17)3P:30 at. %S showed HER response similar to that of Pt/C. These results together indeed reflect the significant advances made in the pursuit of non-noble metal electro-catalyst for HER replacing Pt/C, the expensive albeit, the prevalent gold standard HER electrocatalyst.
This thesis provides a detailed account of the fundamental study conducted into the synthesis, materials, characterization, photoelectrochemical and electrochemical response ably supported by first principles theoretical studies as required
Tirmilyra sagittifera Patel & Naderloo & Trivedi & Mitra 2023, n. comb.
No full textTirmilyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) n. comb. (Figs. 1A–D, 2A, B, 3A, B, 4A–D) Ebalia sagittifera Alcock, 1896: 186 (in key), 188, 189— Alcock & Anderson 1897: pl 29, fig 9— Apel 2001: 50. Ebalia? Sagittifera — Titgen, 1982: 113, 247 (in list)— Cooper 1997: 173, 174, fig 7. Philyra rectangularis — Stephensen, 1946: 87, 88, fig 15a, b— Guinot 1967: 249 (in list)— Basson et al. 1977: 250. Philyra concinnus — Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995: 143–147, fig 2a–e (in part, material from Persian Gulf). Philyra sagittifera — Ng et al. 2008: 93 — Galil 2009: 281, tab 1— Naderloo & Türkay 2012: 32 — Naderloo 2017: 112, figs. 14.35d, 14.38, 14.41. Type material. Lectotype (herein selected): ZSI C910/10, male (CL 5.0 mm, CW 4.5 mm), Karachi, Pakistan, coll. F. W. Townsend. Paralectotype: ZSI C910/10, female (CL 6.0 mm, CW 5.7 mm), same data as lectotype. Other material examined. Persian Gulf: ZUMC CRU885, 1 male (CL 4.2 mm, CW 3.9 mm), 6 m depth, Bushehr, Iran, 03.03.1993, coll. G. Thorson; ZMUC CRU-885, 2 males, 3 ovigerous females, 6 m depth, Bushehr, Iran, 03.03.1993, coll. G. Thorson; ZUTC 1339, 1 juvenile, muddy-sandy flat, E of Bandar-Abbas, Iran, 27°11′N, 56°21′E, coll. Reza Naderloo, Abbas Kazemi; ZUTC 1340, 1 male, muddy flat, E of Bandar-Khamir, Iran, 27°56′N, 55°36′E, coll. Reza Naderloo; SMF, 1 male, 3 juveniles (), N. of Al-Khobar, Tarut Bay, Saudi Arabia, 19.03.1993, coll. Michael Apel; SMF, 8 males, 6 ovigerous females, N. of Al-Khobar, Tarut Bay, Saudi Arabia, 25.03.1993, coll. Michael Apel; SMF, 1 juvenile, intertidal, N. of Jubail, Saudi Arabia, 30.04.1993, coll. Michael Apel; SMF, 1 male, 6 m depth, Qurmah Channel, N. of Jubail, Saudi Arabia, 05.10.1992, coll. Michael Apel. Description. Carapace hexagonal (Fig. 1A, B), slightly longer than broad. Dorsal surface smooth, three broad tuberculated and granular ridges, uniting to form "broad-arrow" point directed forward, median ridge from progastric region to intestinal region; lateral ridges extending backwards and downwards to branchial region, parallel to anterolateral margins with their ends projecting beyond postero-lateral borders in forming broad granular denticles; regions relatively distinct, with elevated gastric, cardiac, branchial, intestinal regions; hepatic region excavated, forming depression; upper, lower margins beaded, originating from middle of anterolateral margin, not merging anteriorly, broadly triangular tooth projecting on anterior half of lower margin of anterolateral border (Fig. 1A, B); anterolateral margin merging with posterolateral with broad triangular tooth; anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior margins beaded; epibranchial junction with right angle; posterolateral margin slightly sinuous, convex (Fig. 1A, B); front bilobed; epistome visible beyond frontal margin from dorsal view; posterior margin convex, lateral sides with knob-like dorsoventrally flattened teeth with rounded tips, small median tooth on posterior margin (Fig. 1A, B). Anterior margin of endostome almost reaching as far forwards as inhalent channels. Maxilliped 3 (Figs. 1D, 4A) smooth, entirely covering endostome; merus with notch, 0.9× as long as ischium along inner margin; ischium 1.4× longer than wide; propodus, dactylus not visible in external view when reposed, articulating on inner surface of merus. Exopod outer margin convex, setose, much longer than wide, almost twice as long as merus. Chelipeds (Fig. 1A, B) equal, longer than half of carapace length, granulated. Merus triquetral in cross-section with edges raised, granular; both inner, outer margins with tuberculated ridge, tubercles larger on inner margin, patch of tubercles on upper proximal and distal end. Carpus, propodus have raised row of granules along inner edge of upper surface. Fingers slender, about two-thirds length of propodus, occlusal margins of fingers toothed, with scattered setae, median shallow canal extending to distal length in both fingers. P2–P5 (Fig. 1A, B) subcylindrical; total length of all pairs almost similar, merus, carpus glabrous, merus longest; carpus, propodus almost equal in length; dactylus with tapering distal end. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 1D) tuberculated, slightly concave, tubercules prominent at margins. Sternites 1–3 completely fused without any trace of sutures; sternite 3 separated from sternite 4 by shallow groove; sternite 4–6 almost similar in width; sternite 7 completely tuberculated. Male pleon long, narrow (Fig. 1D), smooth, with three articulating parts (Fig. 1D, 4B): somite 1 free, narrow; somites 2–6 fused, immovable, partial suture visible between somites 5–6, posterolateral angles with small bulge, somite 6 without denticle; telson triangular, longer than broad, with curved apex. Female pleon ovate; somite 1 free; somites 2–6 fused, suture clearly visible between somites 2 and 3, partial suture visible between somites 3–4 and 5–6, forming domed plate almost completely covering thoracic sternum. Telson longer than broad, with curved apex (Fig. 2B). G1 (Fig. 4A–D) shaft long, slender, straight, apical process long, about 0.3 times as long as whole length, slightly sinuous-shape, with tapering ending, apical lobe with setae shorter than the length of the tip. Female gonopore (Fig. 5B) on inner anterior edge of sternite 5, oval in shape with narrow opening. Variation. The carapace of female resembles with that of male, except for lateral sides of posterior margin having smaller knob-like dorsoventrally flattened teeth, small median tooth on posterior margin less pronounced or absent (Fig. 2A). Distribution. The species is recorded so far from Pakistan (Alcock 1896), the Persian Gulf [Stephensen (1946) as Philyra rectangularis; Basson et al. (1977) as P. rectangularis; Titgen (1982) as Ebalia sagittifera; Cooper (1997) as E. sagittifera; Apel (2001) as E. sagittifera; Naderloo and Türkay (2012); Nadeloo (2017)] and the Gulf of Oman (Naderloo et al. 2015). Remarks. The fresh specimens collected from the Persian Gulf agree with the lectotype of T. sagittifera n. comb. The male specimen collected from the Persian Gulf (Fig. 1A) differs from the lectotype male by having smaller blunt teeth on the lateral sides of posterior margin as well as prominently swollen cardiac region. These differences can be attributed to differences in the body size of the male specimens. Tirmilyra sagittifera n. comb. closely resembles its congener T. concinnus n. comb. , but they can be differentiated on the basis of the following characteristics: dorsal surface of carapace without denticle on the metagastric region (Fig. 1A, B, D) (versus denticle present on the metagastric region of carapace in T. concinnus n. comb., Fig. 1E; Ghani & Tirmizi 1995: Fig. 1A); posterior margin slightly convex (Fig. 1A, B, D) (versus straight in T. concinnus n. comb., Fig. 1E; Ghani & Tirmizi 1995: Fig. 1A); posterior margin bearing median tooth in males (Fig. 1A, B, D) (versus median tooth absent in males in T. concinnus n. comb., Fig. 1E; Ghani & Tirmizi 1995: Fig. 1A); blunt teeth present on the lateral sides of posterior margin (Figs. 1A, B, D) (versus pointed teeth on lateral sides of posterior margin in T. concinnus n. comb., Fig. 1E; Ghani & Tirmizi 1995: Fig. 1A); thoracic sternum tuberculated, prominent at margins (Fig. 1C) (versus thoracic sternum smooth, tuberculation only on margins in T. concinnus n. comb., Fig. 1F); male G1 apical process comparatively long (0.3× as long as whole length), slightly sinuous-shape, with tapering ending (Fig. 4A–D) (versus apical process comparatively short (0.2× as long as whole length), more sinuous-shape, with spatulate ending in T. concinnus n. comb., Fig. 4E, F; Ghani & Tirmizi 1995: Fig. 1E, F), endostome almost reaching inhalent channels (Fig. 5A) (versus endostome reaching slightly beyond inhalent channels in T. concinnus comb. nov. Fig. 5C)Published as part of Patel, Krupal, Naderloo, Reza, Trivedi, Jigneshkumar & Mitra, Santanu, 2023, On the taxonomy of Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) and P. concinnus Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae), with description of a new genus from the Indian Ocean, pp. 430-440 in Zootaxa 5330 (3) on pages 434-436, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/825490
Phegopteris excelsior N. R. Patel & A. V. Gilman. Two 2019
No full textPhegopteris excelsior. CANADA. Nova Scotia: Lower Blomidon, Cody 20242 (MICH); Kings Co., Hersey & Newell s.n. (GH). Quebec: Hatley, Churchill s.n. (GH); Gibraltar, Churchill s.n. (GH); Hatley, Knowlton s.n. (GH); St. Gregoire, Rouleau et al. s.n. (GH); Mt.Rougemont, Sherk & Cinq-Mars 437 ex cult #65374 (MICH). U.S.A. Connecticut: Windsor, Clark s.n. (larger of two specimens on the sheet) (NEBC). Maine: Mars Hill, Gilman 04104 (VT); Cooper, Gilman 06050 (AVG); Molunkus, Gilman 2K199 (AVG); Washington, Gilman 96087 (AVG); Bucksport, Gilman 97261 (AVG); Litchfield, Gilman 98018 (AVG); Strong, Seymour 24090 (VT). New York: Delaware Co., B. D. Gilbert s.n. (GH). Vermont: Cabot, Gilman 01142 (AVG); St. Johnsbury, Gilman 18021 (holotype) (VT); St. Johnsbury, Gilman 96061 (AVG); East Montpelier, Gilman 96118 (AVG); Waterford, Gilman 96248 (AVG); St. Johnsbury, Rooney s.n. (VT); Dorset, Terry s.n. (VT).Published as part of Patel, Nikisha R., Fawcett, Susan & Gilman, Arthur V., 2019, Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): A New Species of North American Tetraploid Beech Fern, pp. 211-218 in Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 27 (4) on page 218, DOI: 10.3417/2019409, http://zenodo.org/record/456191
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