1,721,287 research outputs found
Under force majeure : pastoralists and Covid-19 in Mediterranean Europe
No full textPublished on 8 May 2020The COVID-19 crisis generates uncertainties we seem unable to bear and manage. It also serves to provoke deep insights into societal dynamics, contributes to unveiling hidden fragilities as well as capacities and reflects on our diverse lifestyles and opportunities. This crisis challenges the main pillars of our society: it affects mobility, sociality, relationships and exchanges. Pastoralists, whose economy is mobile and involves deep interdependency, are particularly vulnerable to such conditions. But they show, as well, specific capacities and skills that we all could learn from about ‘living with uncertainty’, as is the mandate of the PASTRES project
Introduzione
No full textQuesto volume fa seguito alla giornata di studi che si è tenuta il 1° dicembre
2021 a Venezia, presso l’Università Ca’ Foscari, per ricordare
i 250 anni dalla pubblicazione del libro Della pittura veneziana di Anton
Maria Zanetti di Alessandro, detto il Giovane (Venezia, 1706-1778), apparso
nella città lagunare nel 1771.This volume is inspired by the study day held on 1 December 2021 in Venice, at Ca' Foscari University, to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the publication of the book Della pittura veneziana by Anton Maria Zanetti di Alessandro, known as the Younger (Venice, 1706-1778)
Exploring the long-term and inter-annual variability of biogeochemical variables in coastal areas by means of a data assimilation approach.
No full textDynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) models are applied here to the investigation of the interannual changes in the trend and seasonality of biogeochemical variables monitored in coastal areas. A DHR model can be regarded as a time-series component model, where the phases and amplitudes of the seasonal component, as well as the trend, are parameters that vary with time, reflecting relevant changes in the evolution of the biogeochemical variables. The model parameters and their confidence bounds are estimated by data assimilation algorithms, i.e. the Kalman filter and the Fixed Interval smoother. The DHR model structure is here identified by a preliminary spectral analysis and a subsequent minimization of the Bayesian Information Criterion, thus avoiding subjective choices of the frequencies in the seasonal component. The methodology was applied to the investigation of the long-term and interannual variability of ammonia, nitrate, orthophosphate and chlorophyll-a monitored monthly in the lagoon of Venice (Italy) during the years 1986-2008. It was found that the long-term evolutions of the biogeochemical variables were characterized by non-linear patterns and by statistically significant changes in the trend. The seasonal cycles of all the variables were characterized by a marked interannual variability. In particular, the changes in the seasonality of chlorophyll and nitrate were significantly related to the changes in the seasonality of water temperature at the study site and of nutrient concentrations in river discharges, respectively. These results indicate that the methodology could be a sound alternative to more traditional approaches for investigating the impacts of changes in environmental and anthropogenic forcings on the evolution of biogeochemical variables in coastal areas
Greening on paper : does European agricultural policy work for pastoralists?
Full text linkA Pastres paper analyses the policy landscape for pastoralists in Europe. The paper focuses on the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on pastoralists and the implications for broader rural development and environmental management in the European Union
Monitoring and modeling for investigating driver/pressure-state/impact relationships in coastal ecosystems: Examples from the Lagoon of Venice
No full textIn this paper, we show how the integration of monitoring data and mathematical model can generate valuable information by using a few examples taken from a well studied but complex ecosystem, namely the Lagoon of Venice. We will focus on three key issues, which are of concern also for many other coastal ecosystems, namely: (1) Nitrogen and Phosphorus annual budgets; (2) estimation of Net Ecosystem Metabolism and early warnings for anoxic events; (3) assessment of ecosystem status. The results highlight the importance of framing monitoring activities within the "DPSIR" conceptual model, thus going far beyond the monitoring of major biogeochemical variables and including: (1) the estimation of the fluxes of the main constituents at the boundaries; (2) the use of appropriate mathematical models. These tools can provide quantitative links among Pressures and State/Impacts, thus enabling decision makers and stakeholders to evaluate the effects of alternative management scenarios
PASTRES : ou comment s'inspirer du pastoralisme pour répondre aux défis globaux
No full textLa réponse aux défis majeurs auxquels nous faisons face serait-elle dans les "marges"? C'est ce que cherche à savoir le projet de recherche PASTRES : Pastoralism, Uncertainty & Resilience. Le Logo du projet PASTRES Le collectif AFPYR garde l’œil ouvert et s'intéresse de près à ce projet dont l'objectif est de tirer des leçons de l'activité pastorale et de la résilience dont ses divers acteurs font preuve face à l'incertitude. Dans des régions du monde aussi diverses que le Kenya, la Chine ..
A comparison between the uncertainties in model parameters and in forcing functions: its application to a 3D water-quality model
No full textESTIMATION OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) RESPIRATION RATE WITHIN A COMMERCIAL RACEWAY USING A DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH
No full textInnovations and decrease in costs of sensors are making it possible to apply to aquaculture the concept of “Precision
Livestock Farming”, introduced in the agrifood sector in early 2000. The implementation of the “Precision Fish Farming”
(PFF) framework (Fore et. al., 2018) is likely to revolutionize the aquaculture industry, leading to a new generation of
softwares and decision support tools, based on dynamic data driven models. In a previous work (Royer et al., 2021), we
proposed a PFF based model of oxygen mass-balance for rainbow trout within a commercial raceway, showing that it is
possible to dynamically estimate hourly fish respiration rate in commercial farming condition and, on this basis, to improve
current control systems. In this study, the estimation method was improved by introducing a data assimilation procedure
(Kalman Filter) that allows one to correct the respiration rate as data acquisition goes by and, on this basis, to obtain more accurate short-term predictions of DO concentration
Datasets and codes to Pastres et al. ICB, 2024
No full textDatasets and codes used in the study:
Maia Pastres, Ivan Maggini, Massimiliano Cardinale, Leonida Fusani, Andrea Ferretti, Sleep Posture Influences Metabolic Rate and Vigilance in the Common Whitethroat (Curruca Communis), Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2024;, icae031, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae03
Tolerance landscapes can be used to predict species-specific responses to climate change beyond the marine heatwave concept: Using tolerance landscape models for an ecologically meaningful classification of extreme climate events
No full textTo predict the responses of organisms to changes in intensity and frequency of heatwaves, it is essential to gain a
thorough understanding of how organisms respond to temperature exposure. Species-specific curves are more
informative, yet more difficult to ascertain, than the generic heatwave definition (five days or more at a temperature
above the 90% percentile) when addressing mortality risk and should be included when predicting
thermal risks. The thermal tolerance of organisms is dictated by a combination of exposure intensity and
duration: the aim of this study was to build a ‘tolerance landscape’ model, based on exposure thresholds to a
potentially stressful temperature range, for the commercially important clam Ruditapes philippinarum using ten
years of summer temperature time series in four lagoons in the Northern Adriatic, where this species is being
commercially farmed. The model is based on a log-linear relationship between LT50 and exposure time. The two
model parameters, i.e. the lethal temperature at 1 min exposure (CTmax), and the temperature sensitivity
parameter (z) were estimated on the basis of a systematic literature search. Best-fitting values, i.e. CTmax = 54.5
(±2.3) and z = - 5.72 ◦C (±0.66) are within the ranges found for other bivalves. Results show that the mortality
threshold was exceeded for most lagoons in summertime in 2015, 2017 and 2018 suggesting that the risk of
exceeding the mortality threshold is increasing, due to an increase in frequency and duration of extreme temperature
events. Comparisons with the generic ‘marine heatwave’ definition showed that, while in some occasions
‘heatwaves’ occurred that were not risky for R. philippinarum, in one case the model identified a time period
of mortality risk that would not have been classified under the generic ‘heatwave’ definition. These mismatches
suggest that tolerance curves can be a good addition to productivity and site selection models, incorporating a
metric of species-specific risk that can be used to predict the consequences of climate change on fishery and
aquaculture, and can find their place in conservation and restoration toolkits for forecasting changes in habitat
suitability under future climate scenarios
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