4 research outputs found
From paternalism to partnership : the sensitive handover
No full textThis article forms part of the research in progress as part of the degree PhD (Missions) at the University of Pretoria.This article seeks to address the handover process of missions work from pioneer missionaries to indigenous leaders. It posits that this can only be done in a biblical way if paternalism yields to partnership. The article justifies paternalism in the commencement of missions work, but argues that there is a point beyond which paternalism becomes unjustifiable and crippling to the work of God's kingdom. Instead of simply condemning the crippling paternalism, the author goes on to point to the way in which true partnership can be birthed. It is through mutual respect and admiration between the missionaries and the indigenous leaders. The author uses the Bible to show that church planting missions work should go through at least three phases of development. He then ends his article by showing how mutual respect and admiration between missionaries and indigenous leaders enhances the handover process. In the light of the difficulties experienced at this juncture of missions work, and in view of the shift of the future of missions from the Western world to the Majority World, this article addresses a very pertinent subject.am2013mn201
Effectiveness of 4% chlorhexidine umbilical cord care on neonatal mortality in Southern Province, Zambia (ZamCAT): a cluster-randomised controlled trial
No full textBackground: Chlorhexidine umbilical cord washes reduce neonatal mortality in south Asian populations with high neonatal mortality rates and predominantly home-based deliveries. No data exist for sub-Saharan African populations with lower neonatal mortality rates or mostly facility-based deliveries. We compared the effect of chlorhexidine with dry cord care on neonatal mortality rates in Zambia.
Methods: We undertook a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Southern Province, Zambia, with 90 health facility-based clusters. We enrolled women who were in their second or third trimester of pregnancy, aged at least 15 years, and who would remain in the catchment area for follow-up of 28 days post-partum. Newborn babies received clean dry cord care (control) or topical application of 10 mL of a 4% chlorhexidine solution once per day until 3 days after cord drop (intervention), according to cluster assignment. We used stratified, restricted randomisation to divide clusters into urban or two rural groups (located <40 km or ≥40 km to referral facility), and randomly assigned clusters (1:1) to use intervention (n=45) or control treatment (n=45). Sites, participants, and field monitors were aware of their study assignment. The primary outcomes were all-cause neonatal mortality within 28 days post-partum and all-cause neonatal mortality within 28 days post-partum among babies who survived the first 24 h of life. Analysis was by intention to treat. Neonatal mortality rate was compared with generalised estimating equations. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01241318).
Findings: From Feb 15, 2011, to Jan 30, 2013, we screened 42 356 pregnant women and enrolled 39 679 women (mean 436·2 per cluster [SD 65·3]), who had 37 856 livebirths and 723 stillbirths; 63·8% of deliveries were facility-based. Of livebirths, 18 450 (99·7%) newborn babies in the chlorhexidine group and 19 308 (99·8%) newborn babies in the dry cord care group were followed up to day 28 or death. 16 660 (90·0%) infants in the chlorhexidine group had chlorhexidine applied within 24 h of birth. We found no significant difference in neonatal mortality rate between the chlorhexidine group (15·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths) and the dry cord care group (13·6 deaths per 1000 livebirths; risk ratio [RR] 1·12, 95% CI 0·88–1·44). Eliminating day 0 deaths yielded similar findings (RR 1·12, 95% CI 0·86–1·47).
Interpretation: Despite substantial reductions previously reported in south Asia, chlorhexidine cord applications did not significantly reduce neonatal mortality rates in Zambia. Chlorhexidine cord applications do not seem to provide clear benefits for newborn babies in settings with predominantly facility-based deliveries and lower (<30 deaths per 1000 livebirths) neonatal mortality rates.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Applying of Methods of Media Literacy and Media Education in Educational Processes for Future
No full textУ статті розкрито актуальність та необхідність теоретичних досліджень і практичної імплементації технологій медіаграмотності в діяльність фахівців соціальної сфери та в освітню підготовку майбутніх соціальних працівників. Увагу акцентовано на вивченні й науковому аналізі таких теоретичних підходів, як протекціоністський, підхід медіамистецької освіти, феміністичні теорії, концепції медіаграмотності, рух медіаграмотності тощо. Саме ці підходи мають креативний та інноваційний потенціали для впровадження в практику головних концептів медіаграмотності і їх застосування в соціальній сфері. Велику увагу приділено практичним аспектам навчання майбутніх соціальних працівників навичок та компетенцій у галузі медіаграмотності. Досліджено методи й форми вивчення теоретичних і практичних аспектів медіаграмотності (складові компоненти, етичні принципи, правові аспекти, інноваційні методи викладання). Розкрито досвід упровадження в практичну діяльність компонентів медіаосвіти (тренінги, лекторії тощо). Авктивно нами впроваджено елементи медіаграмотності й медіаосвіти в підготовку соціальних працівників. Тренінги з медіаграмотності, лекції з протидії фейкам, майстер-класи використовуються в практичній діяльності. Дано рекомендації щодо дотримання етичних стандартів і кодексів професійної поведінки соціальних працівників.Necessity and actual problems of theoretical researches and practical implementation of technologies of media literacy into practical activity of specialists of social sphere and into educational processes are analyzed in the scientific article. An author of article mad an accent at learning and analysis of such scientific approaches as: Protectionist Approach, Media Art Education, Feminism and Critical Media Literacy Approach, Media Literacy Movement etc. These approaches have creative and innovation potential for the implementation into practical social activity and for their application in practical social sphere. Conceptual frameworks, contents, ethical principles, legal aspects and structural components of Media Literacy in the social sphere are studied in this scientific publication. An author paid attention to practical aspects of educational processes of future social workers. Prominent competences of media literacy also studied in this article. An author of scientific article participates in active implementation of the elements of Media Literacy and Media Education into the education of social workers. Media Literacy trainings, lectures about countering to fakes and misinformation are systematically uses in practical work. Researcher studied methods and forms of studying of theoretical and practical aspects of media literacy. Experience of practical implementation of main components of media education is represented in this article. An author of article shared recommendations concerning ethical aspects of media literacy
Numerical modelling of the aluminium extrusion process
No full textThe extrusion of aluminium alloys involves the shaping of the product from an homogenised billet into a complex shape. In addition the properties of the extrudate are
closely related to the processing parameters (temperature, stain rate, and material morphology). Since all the parameters vary throughout the ram stroke and throughout the billet the prediction of the condition of the extrudate is complex. In this study the analysis is accomplished by the use of finite element analysis coupled with sub-illodelling of the structural features. The study is extended to include the lieat-treatment process necessary
for precipitation hardened alloys subsequent to the process. The author has published these results in a number of learned journals and these are given in Appendix.
After a concise introduction and crirical literature review chapter3 analyses the basic operation of the finite element package(FEM) discussing the procedures involved, the
equilibrium equations and the more practical aspect of the mesh morphology and size. Finite Element analysis and material structural models have been integrated using parallel processing technology and program sub-routines. In this section the external inputs are also defined paying particular attention to the friction conditions and the constitutive equations. The thesis then proceeds to describe and analyse the integrated modelling of the process necessary to introduce the user introduction of the equations necessary to produce a comprehensive analysis of the material structural problems. This includes the cellular automata teclu-iiques. Various complex extrusion geometries are analysed and the effects of scaling considered. Development of the extrudate surface and criteria for ptedicting this important feature are
coinprehebsivcly covered in chapter 5 whilst chapter 6 considers some special technologies such as the use of pockets to obtain homogenous structures. Isothermal extrusion is also included in this section
