101 research outputs found
Evaluation of Cough During Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation: Influence in Postextubation Failure
No full textAnother Approach to Deliver the Information About Prognosis to Family Members in the ICU
No full textEnquête d'opinion des réanimateurs en France (au sujet de la prise en charge de patients atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique et présentant une insuffisance respiratoire aiguë)
No full textLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
The water management issues of the socio-hydrosystem of Lake Guiers : conflicts and synergies of uses and users
No full textLa crise alimentaire de 2007-2008 a replacé la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (SAN) en haut de l'agenda africain et international. Les nombreuses initiatives qui ont suivi ont mobilisé diverses approches de la hausse de la productivité afin d'améliorer la SAN. Parmi ces approches, celle basée sur le secteur privé international a été particulièrement mise en avant pour financer et moderniser les agricultures africaines (Development 41455, 2008) afin d'assurer l'augmentation de la production agricole. Ainsi, l'installation de ces firmes agricoles internationales apporte de profonds changements sur les organisations de l'espace et des territoires. Pour beaucoup d'acteurs locaux, l'installation de ces investisseurs étrangers ainsi que l'aménagement des terres inhérente à leur installation sont perçus comme un accaparement de leurs terres et une exploitation de leurs ressources (Beuret & Cadoret, 2014). Au Sénégal et dans les régions de Saint Louis et de Louga, le domaine du lac de Guiers est un des territoires les plus concernés par les affectations de terres à des agrobusiness étrangers. En outre, l'installation de ces investisseurs internationaux crée souvent des conflits d'usages et appelle à une recomposition de ces territoires. Ainsi, notre travail montre comment la gestion de l'eau du territoire limnique du lac de Guiers ainsi que la gestion du foncier agricole conduisent à l'attractivité du secteur privé agricole même si l'installation de ce dernier induit la non durabilité de certaines pratiques ou activités pionnières de ce milieu comme l'élevage extensif, la pêche ou encore l'agriculture pluviale. Par ailleurs, cette réflexion a permis d'identifier deux types de conflits : conflits internes (entre acteurs locaux) et conflits externes (entre les investisseurs étrangers et les acteurs locaux). A travers l'analyse à plusieurs échelles, elle propose une recomposition spatiale basée sur la proximité géographique, les aménagements hydrauliques, les moyens techniques et financiers des acteurs, mais aussi sur des démarches synergiques concernant l'acceptation et l'installation des investisseurs étrangers.The 2007-2008 food crisis put Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) back to the top of the African and international agendas. The many initiatives that followed took various approaches to increase productivity in order to improve FNS. Among these approaches, the international private sector's development was particularly put forward to fund and modernize African agricultures (Development 41455, 2008) to intensify agricultural production.(« Growing Africa , n.d.). Thus the implementation of these international agricultural businesses brings along deep changes on spatial and territorial organizations. According to many local actors, the implementation of these foreign businesses and its inherent agricultural development is nothing but a land grabbing and an exploitation of their ressources (Beuret & Cadoret, 2014). In Senegal, in St Louis and Louga regions, the Lake Guiers domain is one territory most concerned by the allocation of lands to foreign investors. Besides, the implementation of these international investors often leads to land use conflicts and requires a recomposition of these territories.Thus, our work emphasizes how the water management of the Lake Guiers limnic territory, as well as land ownership management, entail an attractivity of the private sector , even if it goes along with a shortening of the long-lived traditional practices and ancestral activities such as extensive farming, fishing, and rain agriculture . In addition, our study has enabled us to identify two different types of conflicts : internal conflicts (among the local actors themselves) and external conflicts (between the foreign investors and the local actors). Grounded on different scales, our analysis suggests a land recomposition not only based upon geographical proximity, hydraulic development, and the actors' technical and financial ressources, but also relying on sygergistic approaches to accept the implementation of foreign investors
Effect of tracheal suctioning on aspiration past the tracheal tube cuff in mechanically ventilated patients
No full textLes enjeux de la gestion de l'eau du sociohydrosystème du lac de Guiers, cas du foncier : conflits et synergies des usages et usagers
No full textThe 2007-2008 food crisis put Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) back to the top of the African and international agendas. The many initiatives that followed took various approaches to increase productivity in order to improve FNS. Among these approaches, the international private sector's development was particularly put forward to fund and modernize African agricultures (Development 41455, 2008) to intensify agricultural production.(« Growing Africa , n.d.). Thus the implementation of these international agricultural businesses brings along deep changes on spatial and territorial organizations. According to many local actors, the implementation of these foreign businesses and its inherent agricultural development is nothing but a land grabbing and an exploitation of their ressources (Beuret & Cadoret, 2014). In Senegal, in St Louis and Louga regions, the Lake Guiers domain is one territory most concerned by the allocation of lands to foreign investors. Besides, the implementation of these international investors often leads to land use conflicts and requires a recomposition of these territories.Thus, our work emphasizes how the water management of the Lake Guiers limnic territory, as well as land ownership management, entail an attractivity of the private sector , even if it goes along with a shortening of the long-lived traditional practices and ancestral activities such as extensive farming, fishing, and rain agriculture . In addition, our study has enabled us to identify two different types of conflicts : internal conflicts (among the local actors themselves) and external conflicts (between the foreign investors and the local actors). Grounded on different scales, our analysis suggests a land recomposition not only based upon geographical proximity, hydraulic development, and the actors' technical and financial ressources, but also relying on sygergistic approaches to accept the implementation of foreign investors.La crise alimentaire de 2007-2008 a replacé la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (SAN) en haut de l'agenda africain et international. Les nombreuses initiatives qui ont suivi ont mobilisé diverses approches de la hausse de la productivité afin d'améliorer la SAN. Parmi ces approches, celle basée sur le secteur privé international a été particulièrement mise en avant pour financer et moderniser les agricultures africaines (Development 41455, 2008) afin d'assurer l'augmentation de la production agricole. Ainsi, l'installation de ces firmes agricoles internationales apporte de profonds changements sur les organisations de l'espace et des territoires. Pour beaucoup d'acteurs locaux, l'installation de ces investisseurs étrangers ainsi que l'aménagement des terres inhérente à leur installation sont perçus comme un accaparement de leurs terres et une exploitation de leurs ressources (Beuret & Cadoret, 2014). Au Sénégal et dans les régions de Saint Louis et de Louga, le domaine du lac de Guiers est un des territoires les plus concernés par les affectations de terres à des agrobusiness étrangers. En outre, l'installation de ces investisseurs internationaux crée souvent des conflits d'usages et appelle à une recomposition de ces territoires. Ainsi, notre travail montre comment la gestion de l'eau du territoire limnique du lac de Guiers ainsi que la gestion du foncier agricole conduisent à l'attractivité du secteur privé agricole même si l'installation de ce dernier induit la non durabilité de certaines pratiques ou activités pionnières de ce milieu comme l'élevage extensif, la pêche ou encore l'agriculture pluviale. Par ailleurs, cette réflexion a permis d'identifier deux types de conflits : conflits internes (entre acteurs locaux) et conflits externes (entre les investisseurs étrangers et les acteurs locaux). A travers l'analyse à plusieurs échelles, elle propose une recomposition spatiale basée sur la proximité géographique, les aménagements hydrauliques, les moyens techniques et financiers des acteurs, mais aussi sur des démarches synergiques concernant l'acceptation et l'installation des investisseurs étrangers
Les enjeux de la gestion de l'eau du sociohydrosystème du lac de Guiers, cas du foncier : conflits et synergies des usages et usagers
No full textThe 2007-2008 food crisis put Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) back to the top of the African and international agendas. The many initiatives that followed took various approaches to increase productivity in order to improve FNS. Among these approaches, the international private sector's development was particularly put forward to fund and modernize African agricultures (Development 41455, 2008) to intensify agricultural production.(« Growing Africa , n.d.). Thus the implementation of these international agricultural businesses brings along deep changes on spatial and territorial organizations. According to many local actors, the implementation of these foreign businesses and its inherent agricultural development is nothing but a land grabbing and an exploitation of their ressources (Beuret & Cadoret, 2014). In Senegal, in St Louis and Louga regions, the Lake Guiers domain is one territory most concerned by the allocation of lands to foreign investors. Besides, the implementation of these international investors often leads to land use conflicts and requires a recomposition of these territories.Thus, our work emphasizes how the water management of the Lake Guiers limnic territory, as well as land ownership management, entail an attractivity of the private sector , even if it goes along with a shortening of the long-lived traditional practices and ancestral activities such as extensive farming, fishing, and rain agriculture . In addition, our study has enabled us to identify two different types of conflicts : internal conflicts (among the local actors themselves) and external conflicts (between the foreign investors and the local actors). Grounded on different scales, our analysis suggests a land recomposition not only based upon geographical proximity, hydraulic development, and the actors' technical and financial ressources, but also relying on sygergistic approaches to accept the implementation of foreign investors.La crise alimentaire de 2007-2008 a replacé la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (SAN) en haut de l'agenda africain et international. Les nombreuses initiatives qui ont suivi ont mobilisé diverses approches de la hausse de la productivité afin d'améliorer la SAN. Parmi ces approches, celle basée sur le secteur privé international a été particulièrement mise en avant pour financer et moderniser les agricultures africaines (Development 41455, 2008) afin d'assurer l'augmentation de la production agricole. Ainsi, l'installation de ces firmes agricoles internationales apporte de profonds changements sur les organisations de l'espace et des territoires. Pour beaucoup d'acteurs locaux, l'installation de ces investisseurs étrangers ainsi que l'aménagement des terres inhérente à leur installation sont perçus comme un accaparement de leurs terres et une exploitation de leurs ressources (Beuret & Cadoret, 2014). Au Sénégal et dans les régions de Saint Louis et de Louga, le domaine du lac de Guiers est un des territoires les plus concernés par les affectations de terres à des agrobusiness étrangers. En outre, l'installation de ces investisseurs internationaux crée souvent des conflits d'usages et appelle à une recomposition de ces territoires. Ainsi, notre travail montre comment la gestion de l'eau du territoire limnique du lac de Guiers ainsi que la gestion du foncier agricole conduisent à l'attractivité du secteur privé agricole même si l'installation de ce dernier induit la non durabilité de certaines pratiques ou activités pionnières de ce milieu comme l'élevage extensif, la pêche ou encore l'agriculture pluviale. Par ailleurs, cette réflexion a permis d'identifier deux types de conflits : conflits internes (entre acteurs locaux) et conflits externes (entre les investisseurs étrangers et les acteurs locaux). A travers l'analyse à plusieurs échelles, elle propose une recomposition spatiale basée sur la proximité géographique, les aménagements hydrauliques, les moyens techniques et financiers des acteurs, mais aussi sur des démarches synergiques concernant l'acceptation et l'installation des investisseurs étrangers
Noninvasive ventilation in chest trauma-related acute respiratory failure related to chest trauma: Efficacy and risk of pneumothorax
No full textInternational audienceCurrent guidelines recommend noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for chest trauma patients with acute respiratory failure. This study aimed to identify factors predictive of NIV failure and assess the risk of pneumothorax during NIV
Changes in Muscle Strength in U19 Soccer Players During an Annual Training Cycle
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate the seasonal variation in isokinetic strength of the knee flexors and extensors, and conventional (H/QCONV) and functional (H/QFUNC) hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios in highly trained adolescent soccer players. The players (n=11; age 17.8±0.3) were measured at the end of the competitive season (autumn), at the beginning and the end of pre-season (winter) and during the sixth week of a new competitive season. Isokinetic peak torque (concentric and eccentric) was measured at 60°·s-1 in a sitting position with the hip flexed at 100°. The testing range of motion was set from 10 – 90° of knee flexion. The players performed a set of five maximum repetitions for both the dominant and non-dominant leg. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) between the four seasonal measurements were noted for peak torque of the dominant leg knee flexors in concentric muscle action only. A post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in peak torque from the 1st to the 4th measurement (p<0.001; d=0.692) and from the 2nd to the 4th (p<0.01; d=0.564). The differences in the changes of peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors depending on type of muscle action and tendencies found in the H/Q ratios throughout the annual training cycle indicate that strength assessment of the knee flexors and extensors and their balance throughout the annual training cycle could be beneficial for elite male adolescent soccer players both in terms of performance and risk of injury
Molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic butterfly genus Pseudophilotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with focus on the Sardinian endemic P. barbagiae
No full textBackground: The Palaearctic butterfly genus Pseudophilotes Beuret, 1958 (Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae), that today occurs in North Africa and in Eurasia, includes ten described species with various distribution ranges, including endemics such as the Sardinian P. barbagiae. Phylogenetic relationships among these species are largely unresolved. In the present study, we analysed 158 specimens, representing seven species out of ten described in the genus, from widely distributed sites throughout the western Palaearctic region, using nuclear markers (28S rRNA, wingless, Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 and Elongation Factor 1α) and the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene to investigate if the current taxonomic entities match the phylogenetic pattern. Further, we attempt to infer the geographic origin of the genus Pseudophilotes and estimate the timing of its radiations, including the split of the Sardinian endemic P. barbagiae.
Results: Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses confirmed the monophyly of the genus Pseudophilotes and clearly supported the closer affinity of P. barbagiae to the species assemblage of P. baton, P. vicrama and P. panoptes as opposed to P. abencerragus. The currently accepted species P. baton, P. vicrama and P. panoptes turned out to be weakly differentiated from each other, while P. bavius and P. fatma emerged as highly distinct and formed a well supported clade. The split between the lineage comprising bavius and fatma (sometimes treated as a distinct genus, Rubrapterus) with Salvia species as larval host plants, and the remaining Pseudophilotes that utilize Thymus and other Lamiaceae (but not Salvia), dates back to about 4.9 million years ago (Mya).
Conclusions: Our results show that the last common ancestor of the genus probably lived in the Messinian period (5.33–7.25 Mya). At species level, they support the current taxonomy of the genus, although P. panoptes, P. baton and P. vicrama display complex patterns based on phylogeographic relationships inferred from mtDNA. The Sardinian endemic P. barbagiae turned out to be a young endemic, but clearly with European instead of North African origin and evolved through allopatric isolation on the island of Sardinia only about 0.74 Mya.© The Author(s) 201
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