9,857 research outputs found
Adaptive 3-D median filtering for restoration of an image sequence corrupted by impulse noise
No full textAn adaptive 3-D median filtering, which achieves optimal image quality as well as fast computing time, is proposed to remove the impulse noise from a highly corrupted image sequence. The proposed algorithm is compared with the widely used impulse noise removal algorithms with respect to the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the number of computations. The proposed algorithm preserves the image details which are not expected to be corrupted by impulse noise so that the number of computations can be minimized. It has good restoration performance whether the number of pixels corrupted by impulse noise is large or small. In the proposed algorithm, the impulse noise ratio, which is the ratio of the number of pixels corrupted by impulse noise to the total number of pixels, is estimated, and the restoration filtering is adaptively applied based on the estimated impulse noise ratio. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Facial retaining ligaments based on real color sectioned images with 3D models: Toward a more precise classification
No full textFacial retaining ligaments play a crucial role in maintaining and supporting skin with the superficial musculoaponeurotic system. However, visualizing these ligaments in detail has been challenging due to the limitations of cadaver dissection and radiologic images for plastic surgery. This study aims to visualize and refine the anatomical definitions of the facial retaining ligaments using high-resolution, true-color sectioned images and three-dimensional models. Facial retaining ligaments with their neighboring structures were identified in the sectioned images and reconstructed into 3D models. Using these sectioned images and 3D models, the ligaments were anatomically analyzed alongside neighboring structures. The study revealed distinct morphological features of the retaining ligaments (orbital retaining ligament with the lateral orbital thickening, zygomatic ligament, maxillary ligament, platysma-auricular ligament, masseteric ligament, mental ligament, medial mandibular ligament, mandibular osteocutaneous ligament, cervicomental angle suspensory ligament), including their orientation relative to the skin and their role in anchoring SMAS and adjacent tissues on the real color datasets. These findings enhance our understanding of facial anatomy and offer valuable insights for surgical planning and safer aesthetic procedures. This approach demonstrates the potential of high-resolution anatomical imaging as a superior alternative to traditional dissection and grayscale radiologic imaging
Plasma-enhanced ALD of titanium-silicon-nitride using TiCl4, SiH4, and N-2/H-2/Ar plasma
No full textThin films of Ti-Si-N were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) using TiCl4, SiH4, and N-2 /H-2 /Ar radicals at 350degreesC. When the reactants were supplied in the sequence of TiCl4 pulse, SiH4 pulse, then N-2 /H-2 /Ar plasma, the thickness per cycle and Si content in Ti-Si-N thin film saturated at 0.73 Angstrom/cycle and 8.5 atom % (Cl less than or equal to 0.5 atom %), respectively. The thickness per cycle is different from that of metallorganic ALD (MOALD). Although X-ray diffraction did not detect the presence of silicon nitride, the silicon nitride phase was investigated by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The addition of Si in Ti-Si-N thin films results in increased resistivity (approximately 500 muOmega cm) and improved Cu diffusion barrier properties due to the Si3N4 phase. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology assisted in meeting the publication costs of this article
Effect of diffusion and thermophoresis on the growth of particles by pure birth process in an aerosol reactor
No full textExamining the effect of hydraulic turbulence in a rapid mixer on turbidity removal with CFD simulation and PIV analysis
No full textIn order to investigate the effect of mixer shape and mixing intensity on hydraulic turbulence and velocity field in a rapid mixer and relate the results of the investigation to the performance of the, rapid mixer with respect to coagulant dispersion and turbidity removal, this study conducted wet tests, CFD simulation and PIV analysis, using three different shapes of jar: a circular jar with squared baffles, a circular jar without baffles and a Hudson jar. From the results of the wet tests, it was observed that the performance of rapid mixing in the circular jar without baffles was better than in the other shapes of jar Also, the shape of jar is found to be a factor affecting the performance of the rapid mixer and ultimately the efficiency of coagulation. The results of CFD simulation and PIV analysis confirmed this by showing that, since it forms moderate turbulence throughout the jar and minimizes localized dead zones, the circular jar without baffles produced the best mixing conditions among the jars. From all these results, this study concludes that turbulent fluid conditions in a rapid mixer, including distribution of turbulence and formation of dead zones, are important factors in determining performance of the rapid mixer. Furthermore, it is suggested that mixing intensity and mixer shape are determined considering those fluid conditions
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