1,462 research outputs found
Plastid Genotyping Reveals the Uniformity of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile-T Maize Cytoplasms
No full textCytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) lines in maize (Zea mays) have been classified by their response to specific restorer genes into three categories: cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T. A mitochondrial genome representing each of the CMS cytotypes has been sequenced, and male sterility in the cms-S and cms-T cytotypes is linked to chimeric mitochondrial genes. To identify markers for plastid genotyping, we sequenced the plastid genomes of three fertile maize lines (B37, B73, and A188) and the B37 cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T cytoplasmic substitution lines. We found that the plastid genomes of B37 and B73 lines are identical. Furthermore, the fertile and CMS plastid genomes are conserved, differing only by zero to three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions and by eight to 22 SNPs and 10 to 21 short insertions/deletions in noncoding regions. To gain insight into the origin and transmission of the cms-T trait, we identified three SNPs unique to the cms-T plastids and tested the three diagnostic SNPs in 27 cms-T lines, representing the HA, I, Q, RS, and T male-sterile cytoplasms. We report that each of the tested 27 cms-T group accessions have the same three diagnostic plastid SNPs, indicating a single origin and maternal cotransmission of the cms-T mitochondria and plastids to the seed progeny. Our data exclude exceptional pollen transmission of organelles or multiple horizontal gene transfer events as the source of the mitochondrial urf13-T (unidentified reading frame encoding 13-kD cms-T protein) gene in the cms-T cytoplasms. Plastid genotyping enables a reassessment of the evolutionary relationships of cytoplasms in cultivated maize.Peer reviewe
EGA/VGA to TV (PAL) conversion
No full textNowadays two of the most popular professional computer graphics cards for the PC (Personal Computer) are the EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) and the VGA (Video Graphics Array) cards. These two graphics cards features relative high resolution and colors. Of different reasons it’s interesting to have the possibility to connect a PC with one of these graphics cards to a PAL (Phase Alternate Line) system television-set. However this is not possible because of different horizontal and vertical synchronization (the horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses dictate the scan rate of the display, i.e. computer monitor resp. television screen) of the EGA/VGA cards and the PAL system. In this report a way will be discussed in which this EGA/VGA to PAL conversion can be realized. By manipulating, i.e. refill with new values, the registers in charge of the synchronization on the EGA/VGA cards so that a PAL compatible signal can be achieved. This solution, based on register manipulation, gives a relative good picture on the television screen if alphanumeric characters are present on the computer. With graphics the conversion was not possible with this solution.The conclusion is that this method can be used only if alphanumeric characters are to be displayed on a television screen.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceTelecommunicatie- en Verkeersbegeleidingssysteme
A pal, Lue to Dear James (6 October 1962)
No full textSigned by A pal, Luehttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1089/thumbnail.jp
On Axiomatizations of PAL
No full textIn the literature, different axiomatizations of Public Announcement Logic (PAL) were proposed. Most of these axiomatizations share a 'core set' of the so-called reduction axioms. In particular, there is a composition axiom which stipulates how two consecutive announcements are composed into one. In this paper, by designing non-standard Kripke semantics for the language of PAL, we show that without the composition axiom the core set does not completely axiomatize PAL. In fact, most of the intuitive 'axioms' and rules we took for granted could not be derived from the core set. The non-standard semantics we proposed is of its own interest in modelling realistic agents. We show that with the help of different composition axioms we may axiomatize PAL w.r.t. such non-standard semantics.Computer Science, Artificial IntelligenceComputer Science, Theory & MethodsMathematics, AppliedEICPCI-S(ISTP)
Groundwater arsenic remediation : treatment technology and scale up /
No full textArsenic abatement from groundwater in locations with a central water distribution system is relatively simple. The real challenge is selecting the most effective and affordable treatment and scale up option for locations which lack the appropriate infrastructure. Groundwater Arsenic Remediation: Treatment Technology and Scale UP provides the latest breakthrough groundwater treatment technologies and modeling and simulation methods for project scale up and eventually field deployment in locations which lack the proper central water distribution system to ensure arsenic free groundwater.Online resource; title from PDF title page (Ebsco, viewed May 20, 2015).Includes bibliographical references and index.Arsenic abatement from groundwater in locations with a central water distribution system is relatively simple. The real challenge is selecting the most effective and affordable treatment and scale up option for locations which lack the appropriate infrastructure. Groundwater Arsenic Remediation: Treatment Technology and Scale UP provides the latest breakthrough groundwater treatment technologies and modeling and simulation methods for project scale up and eventually field deployment in locations which lack the proper central water distribution system to ensure arsenic free groundwater.Front Cover; Groundwater Arsenic Remediation: Treatment Technology and Scale UP; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Acknowledgements; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction to the Arsenic Contamination Problem; 1.1. Arsenic chemistry; 1.2. Occurrence and causes of arsenic in groundwater; 1.3. Regulations and maximum contaminant level of arsenic; 1.4. Toxicity and health hazards; 1.5. Introduction to methods of arsenic removal; 1.5.1. Chemical Precipitation; 1.5.1.1. Alum Precipitation; 1.5.1.2. Iron Precipitation; 1.5.1.3. Lime Softening; 1.5.1.4. Coprecipitation; 1.5.2. Adsorption.1.5.3. Ion Exchange1.5.4. Membrane Filtration; 1.5.4.1. Pressure-Driven Membrane Filtration; 1.5.5. Electrodialysis; 1.5.6. Temperature-Driven Membrane Filtration; 1.5.7. Hybrid Methods of Arsenic Removal; References; Chapter 2: Chemical Treatment Methods in Arsenic Removal; 2.1. Different forms of arsenic in groundwater; 2.2. Chemical precipitation; 2.2.1. Alum precipitation; 2.2.2. Lime softening; 2.2.3. Iron precipitation; 2.2.4. Enhanced coagulation; 2.2.5. Coprecipitation; 2.3. Physical separation; 2.3.1. Diffuse-double-layer theory.2.3.2. Destabilization of colloids and settling of particles2.3.2.1. Double-layer compression; 2.3.2.2. Adsorption and neutralization of charge; 2.3.2.3. Enmeshment-precipitation; 2.3.2.4. Interparticle bridging; 2.3.3. Filtration; 2.3.3.1. Rapid sand filtration; 2.3.3.2. Backwashing; 2.4. Modeling and simulation of the physico-chemical processes for scaleup; 2.4.1. Introduction; 2.4.2. Operation of the treatment plant; 2.4.3. Measuring arsenic concentration in water; 2.4.4. Computation of percentage removal of arsenic; 2.4.5. Modeling and simulation of physico-chemical treatment process.2.4.5.1. Process kinetics and modeling basis2.4.5.2. Modeling the process; 2.4.5.3. Material balance for the oxidizer unit; 2.4.5.4. Component mass balance of arsenic; 2.4.5.5. Component mass balance of oxidant; 2.4.5.6. Material balance of the coagulator and flocculator; 2.4.5.7. Material balance for the sedimentation unit; 2.4.5.8. Filtration Unit; 2.4.6. Determination of the model parameters; 2.4.6.1. Computation of flow rate and concentration of oxidant; 2.4.6.2. Computation of root mean square velocity gradient (G) in the coagulator/flocculator.2.4.6.3. Computation of average flock size (dQM) in the coagulator-flocculator unit2.4.6.4. Computation of flow rate and concentration of coagulant; 2.4.6.5. Determination of settling velocity and superficial velocity in sedimentation unit; 2.4.6.6. Determination of the filtration pressure drops due to filter cake and filter medium; 2.4.6.7. Effects of the operating parameters; 2.4.6.8. Effect of pH; 2.4.6.9. Effect of oxidant dose; 2.4.6.10. Effect of coagulant dose; 2.4.6.11. Effect of feed concentration; 2.4.7. Performance of the system and the model.Elsevie
Realisatie van PAL-coder t.b.v. elektronisch schoolbord
No full textRe gerealiseerde schakeling is een sterk gereduceerde PAL-coder, afgeleid van een PALcoder zoals die voor T.V.- doeleinden wordt gebruikt. Er kan gekozen worden uit vier kleuren voor de weergave van gekleurde lijnen tegen een gekleurde achtergrond. De kleurvektoren zijn orthogonaal en vertegenwordigen de kleuren blauw, rood, geel en groen.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceTransmissie van Informati
Pal Interpolation of Integral Types
No full textIn this paper, the author(s) discuss existence and uniqueness results of three so-called integral types of Pal interpolation schemes which are interesting extensions/ generalizations of classical Hermite-Fejer Interpolation problem. The results are of interest to approximation theory
Librarians and Statistics: Thoughts on a Tentative Relationship
No full textLibrarians are not trained as original researchers during library school. As a result, librarians as authors may succumb to common statistical misconceptions and use errors, thus it is important for librarians to know how to recognize them. A quick discussion of what a researcher should be aware to avoid poor methods and inaccurate use of statistics is included. A review of statistics and research methods courses currently offered in library and information science programs helps determine if the lack of training observed in earlier studies has changed. A list of recommendations for authors and reviewers of LIS literature is presented
A 16th-Century Ladakhi School of Buddhist Painting
No full textIn this paper the author discerns two periods in Ladakhi painting. The first, that of direct influence of Kashmiri aesthetics, continued up to the first half of the 14th century. He introduces the reader to the second and less-studied period, after the 14th century, when Ladakh turned to Tibet for inspiration, through a study of captioned portraits which reveal the links between the Ladakhi kings and the Drigung Kagyu tradition, for example at Tashi Chödzong and Basgo fortress. Inscriptions below some of the deities give information about the names of Ladakhi painters, along with their titles and places of origin. This, as the author notes, is a further corrective to the received idea that Buddhist art is anonymous (from Peter Skilling's review in "Orientations", 38/3, November-December 2007)
Spinodal decomposition in the inverse cascade of two-dimensional, binary-fluid turbulence
No full textWe study spinodal decomposition in the inverse-cascade regime of two dimensional turbulence in symmetric, binary fluid mixtures. We show that turbulence leads to break up of domains whose size, in the inverse cascade regime, is proportional to the Hinze scale. Even more strikingly, we show that the inverse cascade of energy is blocked by the formation of domains
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