1,720,989 research outputs found
CFD model for tubular SOFC stack fed directly by biomass
Full text linkThe energy transition can also be promoted by the sustainable use of biomass. Residual biomass in the Mediterranean areas can be exploited to a greater extent through highly efficient fuel cell systems. The Direct Biomass-SOFC project is based on a direct coupling between biomass power supply and SOFC tubular cells. This research project stems from the need to cover the electricity demand, avoiding the use of non-renewable sources. It will be investigated the unused or little-used biomass sources that can be exploited from the Mediterranean area. To this purpose, analyses were conducted to model a SOFC tubular cell stack by investigating the optimal configuration. The basic objective is to design a SOFC tubular cell stack, fed by syngas to produce at least 200 W. Two configurations were chosen: a square and a circular arrangement. Another objective of the study is to choose the best temperature control system. It have been selected a pressurised water system and an air system. The results show that the best performance is guaranteed by a square arrangement with an air temperature control system. The circular configuration provides less power than the square configuration, being limited by the multiple series connection to the lowest current value. The maximum electrical power produced with the square configuration is 225 W
Biogas trace compounds impact on high-temperature fuel cells short stack performance
No full textNowadays the most important issues for commercial SOFC systems are related to their durability and stability of performance both of which are affected by fuel feeding composition. The trace compounds contained in biogenous fuels can interact with SOFC components causing evident drops in performance and severely reducing the lifetime of the entire system. Due to the significant impact on SOFC performance from widely varying fuel inputs, the influence of trace compounds should be investigated in real case studies and practical applications. Anode deactivation and porous blocking electrodes are the main consequences that occur due to the presence of trace compounds impact. This work shows an experimental case study where the anode supported solid oxide fuel cells short stacks are fed with fuels containing trace compounds. These compounds were selected from the biological decomposition of organic matters. In addition, sulphur compounds were selected chlorine, aromatic compounds, terpenes, and carboxyl compounds were selected. The most deleterious impact on the stack was due to the sulphur action. However, chlorine compounds also affected the external part of the cell causing the stack to break due to the corrosion of the sealant
Wood ash from district heating plants for the upgrading of biogas from anaerobic digestion
No full textInnovative technique to monitor the removal of siloxane with sorbent materials: biochar and activated carbons
No full textWood ash biomethane upgrading system: A case study
No full textIn this work, a biomethane fuel was obtained from biogas, using a solid matrix of ashes obtained from a central heating plant fed by wood. Biomethane composition was studied in an experimental pilot plant that treats organic waste through dry anaerobic digestion. European limits were considered and respected for the biomethane injection into the gas grid. The process was able to completely remove carbon dioxide (CO2) during its initial phase. After 50 h of test CO2 concentration started to appear in the outlet gas. This behaviour is related to the ash content, reactive phases (e.g., Ca hydroxides) and fine particle size (<0.2 mm). Coupled with the CO2 removal, European limits for the biomethane injection into the gas grid must consider also trace compounds (Limits for Sulphur 150 mg/Nm3 and CO2 3%vol.). After 95 h of the experimental test, the gas injection limits are still maintained both for total sulphur trace compounds and both for CO2 limits. Uptake of 0.7 g/kg for H2S and 115 gCO2/kgash were registered from the pilot plant
Direct injection mass spectrometry technique to monitor the removal of biogas trace compounds: biochar and ashes
No full textBiogas purification: A comparison of adsorption performance in D4 siloxane removal between commercial activated carbons and waste wood- derived char using isotherm equations
Full text linkWood ash biomethane upgrading system: a case study
No full textIn this work, a biomethane fuel was obtained from biogas, using a solid matrix of ashes obtained from a central heating plant fed by wood. Biomethane composition was studied in an experimental pilot plant that treats organic waste through dry anaerobic digestion. European limits were considered and respected for the biomethane injection into the gas grid. The process was able to completely remove carbon dioxide (CO2) during its initial phase. After 50 h of test CO2 concentration started to appear in the outlet gas. This behaviour is related to the ash content, reactive phases (e.g., Ca hydroxides) and fine particle size (<0.2 mm). Coupled with the CO2 removal, European limits for the biomethane injection into the gas grid must consider also trace compounds (Limits for Sulphur 150 mg/Nm3 and CO2 3%vol.). After 95 h of the experimental test, the gas injection limits are still maintained both for total sulphur trace compounds and both for CO2 limits. Uptake of 0.7 g/kg for H2S and 115 gCO2/kgash were registered from the pilot plan
Experimental Approach of Thermal Management Properties for Phase Change Materials in Energy Storage Modules at Different Power Loading
No full textEfficient thermal management of lithium-ion batteries is essential to increase safety, extend service life and improve operating range, while ensuring stable performance in electric vehicles. Although phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively studied in the context of thermal control systems, systematic experimental evaluations conducted on commercially available pure PCMs are still limited. This study experimentally analyses the thermal performance of pure PCMs with melting points of 42°C, 47°C, and 57°C by subjecting them to thermal loads of 20, 40, and 80 W in a simulated energy storage module based on a 2S2P configuration of 18 650 cylindrical cells. The thermal response of the system was monitored using thermocouples and infrared thermography, while the thermophysical properties of the PCMs (latent heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity) were characterized using DSC calorimetry and thermal conductivity analysis. To assess material reliability, all PCMs were subjected to 100 consecutive thermal cycling tests. Based on module-level results, the most effective PCM was further validated through 2C charge–discharge cycling of a commercial lithium-ion cell, followed by post-cycling structural examination using X-ray micro-computed tomography. The results demonstrate that PCM integration reduces maximum operation temperatures by up to 40°C–60°C compared to the reference case without PCM, depending on the thermal load. Among the tested materials, PCM with a melting point of 47°C showed the most balanced performance, providing temperature uniformity, extended delay times and stable behavior under both thermal and electrochemical cycling. Overall, the results confirm that pure PCMs are a practical solution to improve the safety and thermal stability of electrochemical storage systems
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