79 research outputs found
Generalized Abstracted Mean Values
No full textIn this article, the author introduces the generalized abstracted mean values which extend the concepts of most means with two variables, and researches their basic properties and monotonicities
Evaluation of Hydroalcoholic Root Extract of Withania Somnifera against Propionic Acid Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
No full textINTRODUCTION: Nature is the delightful example for the phenomena of symbiosis. Natural products are
origin from plants, animals, metals and minerals serving as the basis for the treatment of
human disease. Medicinal plants based on tradition system of medicine have been playing an
incredible role in providing diagnosis and treatment of human beings especially in developing
countries. Utilization of herbal drug has also increased in developed countries.
Herbal drug is the oldest form of health care known to mankind. Herbs had been used
by all the cultures throughout the history. In modern civilization herbal drug is an integral
part of the development. Primitive man observed and appreciated the great diversity of plants
available to him. The most use of medicinal plant has been developed through observation of
wild animal by trials and errors. As time moved on, each tribe added the medicinal power of
herbs in their area based on their knowledge. They collected the information on herbs based
on the method and well-defined it in herbal pharmacopoeia. Indeed, well into the 20th century
most of the pharmacopoeia of scientific medicine was derived from the herbal lore of native
place. Much of the drug commonly use now a day is of herbal origin. Most civilized country
USA dispensed about 25% of prescription which contains at least one active ingredient
derived from plant materials. Some are made from plant extract others are synthesized to
mimic the natural plant compounds.
From last five thousand years human being has relied on natural product as the primary
source of medicines. However, the last two centuries have brought an explosion to
understand how the natural products are produced and how they react with other organisms.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the world health populations
presently use herbal medicines for some aspect of primary health care. SCOPE OF WORK:Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder that manifests early in childhood and it
is the prevalence in world wide. . The average prevalence of ASD in Asia, Europe and North
America was close to 1%. Management of Autism spectrum disorder is a global problem,
successful treatment is very important for controlling the raising alarm of the disease.
Till date there is no effective drug available to treat ASD. No herbal drug is proved to
manage the severity of symptoms of Autism spectrum disorder. The objective of the present
study is, to treat this disorder through nature in the form of herbal medicines or drugs with
very minimal adverse effect. ASD among1994-99 born children who turned up adults now
were reported with high prevalence. Hence the study was focused on autistic symptoms of
adolescent age.
The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic root extract of
Withania somnifera object-directed behavior, social behavior, cognition development and
neuro-inflammation against propionic acid induced Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in
mice. So that it may serve clinically for the management of ASD.SUMMARY:The preliminary phytochemical studies on HAREWS discovered the presence of
various phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, carbohydrates, glycosides, steroid, proteins,
flavonoids and saponin.
The habituation behavior of HAREWS on PPA induced ASD assessed by
objective directed behavior; novel mice vs. novel object directed behavior, nociception
threshold, elevated plus maze task and cognition development assessed by Morris water maze
task.
The habituation behavior on open field revealed that HAREWS significantly
reversed stereotypic and staggering movement. Memory retention was assessed on Morris
water maze and HAREWS found greatly improved/enhanced the spatial memory. On
HAREWS treatment the pain threshold was maintained as like normal subjects. Both
propionic acid and HAREWS has found not to possess significant anxiety activity.
The biochemical changes that are responsible for stereotypic activity, cognition
impairment, and neuro inflammation were assessed by estimating serotonin, TNF-α,
Interleukin-6 respectively. HAREWS provided favorable effect on these above biochemicals.
The antioxidants defense in the brain tissues were estimated in terms of SOD, CAT,
LPO, GPx, GRD and HAREWS increased the antioxidant levels at respective dose leading to
reduce oxidative stress. This clearly indicates the potential of the extract to delay the
generation of free radicals that cause neuronal damage.
The histopathology of ASD mice showed increased in neuron number and reduced
size as seen in ASD patients. Whereas the control and HAREWS treated mice showed normal
level of neuronal size and counts.CONCLUSION:The present study demonstrated that ICV-infusion of propionic acid induced autism
spectrum disorder in mice. Hydro-alcoholic root extract of Withania somnifera helps in
improving object directed behavior, social behavior and cognitive skill. And also improve the
neuro-inflammation. It also showed the anti-oxidant property which act as a neruo-protective.
Further studies are expected on the isolated components of the extract in order to
understand the exact mechanism of its action and also studies at cellular level changes by
more sophisticated methods for investigation
Trachischium sushantai Raha & Das & Bag & Debnath & Pramanick 2018, sp. nov.
No full textTrachischium sushantai sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2) Holotype. ZSI25651 A, National Zoological Collection, ZSI, Kolkata; adult female; from ‘ Jammu’ (Jammu & Kashmir state, India); collected on 4th August, 1993, during Jammu survey; name of collector is given in register as ‘ Rajtilok’. Diagnosis. Trachischium sushantai sp. nov. can be diagnosed by a combination of the following characters: a single nasal and PF, SL (R/L) 6/6, post-ocular 1, DSCH:M: V 13:13:13; VEN 152; SC 23 pairs of which those on anterior half of tail are as long as wide and regular hexagon/ rhomboid shaped, TAL/TL ratio of 0.11, head and dorsum uniform dark brown, venter brown with cream or yellow border on the trailing edges of VEN and SC. Etymology. The new species is named after Sushanta Kumar Das, father of the second author of present paper. He is an enthusiastic nature observer who have spent a significant amount of time of his life in forested areas of West Bengal (India) and nurtured the same interest in the second author. The specific epithet, a patronym, is a noun in genitive case. Description of holotype. Adult female; incised on underside; SVL and TAL of 276 mm and 35 mm respectively; tail small, TAL /TL ratio being only 0.11; head small (HL 7.8 mm, 2.8 % of SVL); head width (HW 4.7 mm) greater than head height (HH 4.2 mm); head indistinct from neck; eye small (ED 1 mm, 12.8 % of HL); ESN 2.9 mm; rostral slightly wider than high (1.1 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively); internasals paired, much shorter than the single PF; frontal pentagonal, 2.8 mm long, longer than its distance from the posterior edge of rostral (1.9 mm), around two and half times wider than supraocular; parietals, being 4.4 mm long, are longer than frontal; 1 pre- and 1 post-ocular; loreal nearly twice wider than high and is in contact with nasal, internasal, frontal, preocular and 1 st and 2nd SL; very small nostril in single forward directed nasal; SL (R/L) 6/6, 1 st smallest and 6th largest, 3rd and 4th touching eye; IL (R/L) 6/6, 1st, 2nd and 3rd IL touch the anterior genial while the 4th one contacts both the anterior and posterior genials; anterior genials longer than posterior genials; TEMP (R/L) 1+2/1+2; maxillary teeth in life were probably around 16 or 17 (counting for missing teeth which were evident by longer than usual gaps between extant teeth at some places), subequal; dorsal scales smooth, including those around the region of the tail base, DSCH:M: V 13:13:13; VEN 152; anal divided; SC 23 pairs, anterior subcaudals (those on anterior half of tail) are as wide as long (4SCW/L 1.05 and 5SCW/L 1.01), regular hexagonal or rhomboid shaped, SC become slightly wider than long on posterior part of tail; tail tip in a spike like scale. Coloration in preservative: head and dorsum uniform dark brown; edges of scales on lower jaw lighter colored; venter brown with outeredges of VEN cream or dirty yellow; underside of tail light brown with the posterior edges of SC bordered with lighter yellowish cream. Comparisons. T. sushantai sp. nov. differs from T. monticola in possessing 13 rows of dorsal scales (vs. 15 rows in the latter), undivided PF (vs. divided PF in T. monticola), 1 post-ocular (vs. usually 2 in the latter) and 152 VEN (vs. less than 125 VEN in T. monticola [Smith 1943])(Table 2). T. sushantai sp. nov. differs from T. leave in having 6 SL, 1 PF, 23 SC and a brown venter (vs. 5 SL, 2 PF, 29– 39 SC and a yellow venter in T. leave). T. sushantai sp. nov. can be diagnosed from T. tenuiceps by having a shorter tail (TAL /TL 0.11), 1 PF, 1 postocular, 23 SC of which the anterior ones are regular hexagonal or rhomboid and a brown venter (vs. TAL /TL 0.15– 0.18, 2 PF and 2 post-oculars, 28–42 SC of which anterior ones are transversely elongated and yellowish or orange ventral coloration in T. tenuiceps). T. sushantai sp. nov. differs from T. guentheri by having a brown venter and 23 pairs of SC (vs. a coral red venter in T. guentheri and SC more than 30 in T. guentheri [Smith 1943]). The new species most closely resembles T. fuscum from which it can be distinguished by its shorter tail (TAL / TL 0.11) compared to T. fuscum (vs. TAL /TL 0.13–0.18 [± 0.14 in 27 specimens] in T. fuscum), 23 pairs of SC of which anterior ones are regular hexagonal/rhomboid with 4SCW/L 1.05 and 5SCW/L 1.01 (vs. 30–44 SC in T. fuscum [31–41 in females examined by us], SC wider than long and are not regular hexagonal/rhomboid with 4SCW/L 1.33–3 [± 1.6 in 22 specimens] and 5SCW/L 1.27–2.7 [± 1.6 in 21 specimens] in physically examined specimens [specimens of T. fuscum examined from photographs too had SC number within the range given here and were distinctly wider than long]). Distribution. Trachischium sushantai sp. nov. is currently known only from its type locality in Jammu (Jammu & Kahmir, India) (Figure 3). Natural history. Unknown.Published as part of Raha, Sujoy, Das, Sunandan, Bag, Probhat, Debnath, Sudipta & Pramanick, Kousik, 2018, Description of a new species of genus Trachischium with a redescription of Trachischium fuscum (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), pp. 549-561 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 550-553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/114735
New Extensions of Kannan's and Reich's Fixed Point Theorems for Multivalued Maps Using Wardowski's Technique with Application to Integral Equations
No full textThe metric function generalizes the concept of distance between two points and hence
includes the symmetric property. The aim of this article is to introduce a new and proper extension
of Kannan’s fixed point theorem to the case of multivalued maps usingWardowski’s F-contraction.
We show that our result is applicable to a class of mappings where neither the multivalued version of
Kannan’s theorem nor that of Wardowski’s can be applied to determine the existence of fixed points.
Application of our result to the solution of integral equations has been provided. A multivalued
Reich type generalized version of the result is also established.The authors are thankful to the learned referees for careful reading and valuable comments
towards improvement of the manuscript. Research of the first author (P. Debnath) is supported by UGC (Ministry
of HRD, Govt. of India) through UGC-BSR Start-Up Grant vide letter No. F.30-452/2018(BSR) dated 12 Feb 2019.FacultyReviewe
Occurrence and diversity of microalgae in phytoplankton collected from freshwater community ponds of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India
No full textA study on diversity, seasonal occurrence, distribution percentage of microalgal taxa and physico-chemical parameters of five community ponds, located in Chinsurah town, Hooghly district of West Bengal, has been carried out. Correlation between occurrence of microalgal genera and some parameters of environment, physico-chemical nature of natural water bodies were explored by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Diversity indices have been calculated using PAST software program. A total of 23 microalgal taxa belonging to four algal classes were recorded and the study indicated that the microalgal diversity vary with variation in physico-chemical parameters of water and light intensity. Out of these genera, occurrence of Chodatella sp. in late summer and Tetrallantos sp. and Synechocystis sp. in winter season were specific. In CCA, multiple variables (dissolved oxygen, water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, light intensity and inorganic phosphorous) played a significant role in occurrence of microalgal taxa. Observation concluded that the Chlorophycean members were dominant throughout the study period and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was highest for a site with large number of Chlorophycean member. This study will help in future to assess water quality
Study On Modification Of Edible Oil For Improving Physico-Chemical And Thermal Properties.
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Studies on Physico-Chemical Properties of Fried Oils
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Study of Mass Transfer Phenomena During Frying of Potato Slice
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Frying Studies of Potato Strips using Dry Coating Materials
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
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