14 research outputs found
A Study on Patchavatham (பட்ச வாதம்)
No full textAIM AND OBJECTIVES:
“Nature is Man ad Man is Nature”
A close relationship is found to exist between the external world and the
internal system of man. Man is greatly affected by the external environment, diet,
unhealthy lifestyles, physical & psychological stresses which in turn affects the
internal systems of body.
Annually millions of people worldwide suffer from stroke [PATCHA
VATHAM] today and out of that 5.5 million die and another 5 million left
permanently disabled.
The incidence of Patcha vatham has increased in fold due to diseases like
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, syphilis, tumor, trauma, epilepsy, infections, and
also by unhealthy life styles, diet etc.
Today Patcha vatham is the leading cause of adult disability and physical
deformity. But the interesting fact about Patcha vatham is that it can be manager
easily if diagnosed in early hours and medical attention is sought, the damage can
be minimized and recovery can occur.
Siddha medicine is very much effective in treating the physical disability in
Patcha vatham. So the author has conducted a clinical study on Patcha vatham for
the welfare of human race.
The Internal drug “valladhagi chenduram” in which main constituents are
‘serankottai’[semecarpus anacardium], and ‘Lingam’ [cinnabar], are very potent
and proven drugs for the treating the diseases of loco motor system.
Also the constituents of the external drug “Mashathy thylam” ‘ulunthu’
[VIGNA MUNGO], ‘aamanakku ver’ [RICINUS COMMUNIS], ‘sitramutti’
[Pavonia], and sesame oil have potent Antivadha property. The external medicine
is given in the form of thylam.
The clinical features of Patcha vatham was comparable to stroke or
hemiplegia in modern medicine. The clinical study was conducted in 20 inpatients
and 20 out patients in post graduate sirappu maruthuvam wards in Govt
Siddha medical college palayamkottai. The patients were advised to come for
regular follow up to study the disease.
The main aim of the study on Patcha vatham was
i. To collect the evidences from the ancient literatures.
ii. To control the predisposing factors.
iii. To study the efficacy of trial drugs.
iv. To correlate the incidence of Patcha vatham with reference to sex, age, socio economic status, family history, habits, trauma, thinaigal and paruva kaalangal.
v. To study how the disease alters the normal systems of the body in respect to mukkutrangal, udal kattugal, kanma inthiriyangal and manomaya kosam etc and how it is diagnosed by envagai thervugal,
neerkuri and neikuri etc.
vi. To know the extent of correlation of etiology, classification, symptomology, diagnostic methods and treatment in line with allopathic system of medicine.
vii. To conduct clinical trial on patients with Valladhagi chenduram and Mashathy thylam in treating Patcha vatham.
viii. To emphasize the role of ‘Thokkanam’ using medicated oils in rehabilitating the patient.
ix. To study the relationship of food habits in altering the disease process and the role of ‘pathiyam’
x. To use the available modern parameters in investigation side to confirm and to know the prognosis.
xi. To conduct the biochemical analysis and study about the chemical contents of the drugs.
xii. To study about the pharmacological action of the trial drug in experimental animals.
xiii. And also to know the clinical toxicity or adverse effects of the trial drug if any.
SUMMARY:
The research work on “PATCHA VATHAM” was chosen with an intention
to give solace to the patients who are suffering from the disease. The author had a
chance of referring many siddha literatures and collected more information.
Medicines meant for research study where towards the patient is collected
from both siddha system as well as modern system to medicine and a case sheet
was prepared. (Model case sheet is affixed at the end of this dissertation book)
Separate case sheets were maintained for every patient who were admitted
in the In-patient ward. Twenty patients were treated in the In-patient and another
twenty patients in the out patient ward. The internal medicine Valladhagi
chenduram 1g thrice a day with hot water after food and the external medicine
Mashathy thylam for the external application with Thokkanam at the sides where
affected to the patients.
The patients who were also treating with Yogaasanam Piranaayaamam,
Thiyanam, Thokkanam, Varmam as supportive therapies along with main
theraphy have got good and quick relief than the other patients.
The favourable effects of the drugs of the treatment good relief was
reported within 10 days in mild cases, within 20 days in moderate cases and within
25 days in severe cases. The follow up study was done in the out-patient
department.
Exercises to affected limbs and face were also advised to all patients.
At the time of discharge relief or improvement was observed clinically and
there was maintenance of physiological conditions seen in all patients.
The twenty patients who were treated in out-patient ward also good relief.
Medicines were given to the patients until most of the symptoms were
relieved as per siddha medicine it was regarded as a cure from the disease.
No toxic or side effects were observed clinically or reportedly in any
patients during the course of treatment and the follow up study.
From the clinical study it could be inferred that treatment with trial drugs
considerably improves the functions of,
1. Viyaana, which is responsible for all the movement in the body and also sensory and motor activities.
2. Abaanan, which is responsible for defaecation micturition, menstruation, parturirtion and ejaculation.
3. Naagan, which is responsible for movement of the eye ball, laziness, lassitude, quarrelling and arguing
4. Dhevathaththan which is responsible for movements of the eye ball, laziness, lassitude, quarreling, arguing begging and much anger.
5. And samaanan which is responsible for normal digestion and correction of other vaayus.
It could be also inferred that the trial drugs inhibit further vascular disorders and regulate the other physiological and biological processes of the body.
Research findings reveal bout the disease and its impact in the body.
Statistics taken the help of details in the case sheet were give clear knowledge about the disease.
Available investigations in modern medicine were also considered for diagnosis and to follow the prognosis of the patients.
The efficacy of the trial drugs were studied by bio-chemical analysis and pharmacological evaluations.
CONCLUSION:
When the internal medicine Valladhagi chenduram administered to the pakka vaadham patient along with Mashathy thylam for external application have a good relief.
Good clinical improved was observed in 13 (65%) patient out of 20 inpatient and 14 (70%) out patient.
Moderate clinical improvement was observed in 2 patients out of 20 inpatients and 4 out-patients.
Partially clinical improvement was observed in 5 patients out 20 in-patient and 2 out-patient ward.
Patient who had followed Yoga, Pranayamam, Thiyanam, Thokkanam, and Dietary advice have got good relief than others.
Because of engorging result clinically study may undertake with large number of patient with same drug with create a new era in the field of siddha medicine especially in the treatment of this diseases Patchavatham. It may through
light on relieving the patient from the clutches of crippling by this disease
The incidence, characteristics, impact and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain in Thailand: a single-center cross-sectional study
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
Relative risk of suffering from post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP, Group 2) in relation to those individuals not developing pain (Group 1).
No full textRelative risk of suffering from post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP, Group 2) in relation to those individuals not developing pain (Group 1).</p
Vaccine types and pain interferences.
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div
Interview script and questionaire.
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div
The Relative risk of experiencing exacerbated chronic pain following COVID-19 (Group 3) compared to experiencing chronic pain without exacerbation.
No full textThe Relative risk of experiencing exacerbated chronic pain following COVID-19 (Group 3) compared to experiencing chronic pain without exacerbation.</p
Clinical data.
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div
Demographic data of the total sample (n = 1,019).
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div
S1 File -
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div
Recruitment and data collection diagram.
No full textAbbreviations: EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Levels; BPI, Brief Pain Inventory; ICD-11, International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision.</p
