43 research outputs found
Codes and data in Ranzietal@HP
No full textIn this folder are contained the MATLAB scripts and input files to obtain
-The MARTA Triangles
-The stepwise regression
-The wavelet spectra (with daily streamflow data)
-The trend analysis with the key annual data for the trend analyses presented in
A Multi‐century Meteo‐hydrological Analysis in the Italian Alps: Daily Streamflow (1862–2022) at Different Time Scales
Submitted to Hydrological Processes
Authors: Roberto Ranzi, Emanuele Eccel, Paolo Colosio, Eleni M. Michailidi
University of Brescia, Italy
Roberto Ranzi, University of Brescia, Italy
Brescia, 12 August 202
Climate change impact on the cryosphere: from local to global scale
No full textLa criosfera, la porzione della superficie terrestre dove l'acqua è immagazzinata allo stato solido, svolge un ruolo di fondamentale importanza nella regolazione del bilancio energetico terrestre e del ciclo idrologico, fornendo risorse idriche a molte regioni del pianeta. La criosfera, regolando ed allo stesso tempo essendo influenzata dalle condizioni climatiche, è una importante sentinella dei cambiamenti climatici, subendone gli effetti e scaturendone ulteriori a scala globale e locale. In questo studio vengono analizzate diverse tematiche legate alla criosfera, dalle Alpi italiane alla Groenlandia. Viene studiata in primo luogo la climatologia di altezza ed equivalente in acqua del manto nevoso (SWE) tramite l'analisi statistica di altezza e densità della neve raccolte tra il 1967 ed il 2020 in un'ampia regione delle Alpi italiane. Dall'analisi statistica è emerso che l'altezza neve è diminuita di 12 cm e lo SWE di 37 mm per decade dal 1967. L'altezza media della neve si è ridotta del 33\% nel periodo 1994-2020 rispetto al periodo 1967-1993, mentre lo SWE del 37\%. Gli effetti del cambiamento climatico risultano essere più intensi a basse altitudini, con una riduzione dell'altezza del manto nevoso del 63\% al di sotto dei 1500 m. Questi risultati sono ulteriormente confermati dal change-point trovato a fine anni 1980. L'analisi del dataset HISTALP mostra la forte dipendenza dell'evoluzione del manto nevoso dalla temperatura, influenzando lo stato di precipitazione e regolando l'inizio della fusione. Gli effetti del manto nevoso a scala locale sono stati studiati analizzando il contributo della fusione nivale nel caso di eventi di precipitazione intensa con presenza di neve al suolo. L'analisi è stata limitata alle stazioni di Aprica e Pantano d'Avio, in Lombardia, dove sono stati raccolti i dati di temperatura, precipitazione ed altezza neve dal 1996. Con i dati osservati è stato calibrato un modello gradi-giorno tramite il quale è stato possibile ricostruire la serie temporale della somma di precipitazione e fusione nivale per le durate di 1, 3, 6, 12 e 24 ore. L'analisi degli annual maxima ha mostrato che la fusione nivale contribuisce ad un incremento medio dei quantili di circa il 2.2\%, aumentando con la durata fino a raggiungere, in un solo caso, il 10\%. Ad una più larga scala, lo studio della fusione superficiale della Groenlandia è di fondamentale importanza nella stima del contributo della calotta di ghiaccio all'innalzamento del livello medio degli oceani. Sono stati raccolti ed intercalibrati i dati satellitari a microonde passive raccolti da sensori montati su cinque diversi satelliti tra il 1979 ed il 2019. Il confronto con dati misurati da stazioni meteorologiche e con simulazioni del modello climatico regionale MAR hanno mostrato che un algoritmo basato sul modello di emissione elettromagnetica MEMLS riesce a cogliere l'evoluzione spaziale e temporale della fusione superficiale. L'analisi dei trend di lungo periodo ha mostrato che la superficie di fusione è aumentata tra il 3.6 ed il 6.9\% dell'intera area della Groenlandia per decennio durante il periodo di osservazione. Inoltre, la stagione di fusione è iniziata tra i 3 ed i 4 giorni prima e si è conclusa tra i 3 ed i 7 giorni dopo ogni decennio. Il numero totale medio di giorni di fusione è aumentato di circa 3-5 giorni per decennio. Per l'area della Groenlandia è stato poi implementato un algoritmo di downscaling statistico per il modello MAR. Il confronto con le misure di temperatura delle stazioni meteorologiche e con i dati di temperatura superficiale rilevati dal satellite Lansat-8 mostra come il dataset ad elevata risoluzione riesca meglio a cogliere la distribuzione spaziale della temperatura, senza perdere accuratezza a livello locale. Il confronto con le misure di bilancio di massa superficiale mostra invece un sostanziale miglioramento rispetto all'output originale a bassa risoluzioneThe cryosphere, the region of the Earth where water is stored in its solid form, plays a crucial role in regulating Earth’s energy balance and contributes to moisture fluxes and freshwater storage and release, providing water resources to many regions of the world. The cryosphere affects and is affected by climate conditions, being a driver and a sentinel of climate change, and playing a role of paramount importance from global to local scale processes. Here, different topics related to the cryosphere are investigated, spanning from the Greenland ice sheet to the Italian alps. A climatology of snow depth and snow water equivalent is carried out using a dataset of snow depth and snow density measurements collected at 299 sites between 1967 and 2020 over a wide portion of the Italian Alps. By performing different statistical analyses, a decrease of 12 cm every decade in snow depth and 37 mm every decade in SWE has been found since 1967. Average snow depth in the period 1994-2020 has been 33% lower than in the period 1967-1993, with stronger effects at low altitudes (reduction of 63% below 1500 m asl). The average SWE in 1994-2020 has been 36% lower than in 1967-1993. These results are confirmed by the increased elevation of the computed null snow depth elevation and the detected change-points at the end of the 1980s. The analysis of the HISTALP dataset confirmed the strong dependency of snow accumulation and melt on air temperature, impacting liquid/solid precipitation separation and timing of melt onset. The influence of snow on ground at local scale has been investigated evaluating the contribution of snowmelt to intense rain-on-snow events in Lombardy. By means of measured temperature, precipitation and snow depth data and the calibration of a snowmelt model, the timeseries of the combination of precipitation and melt has been obtained for the fixed durations 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. The annual maxima analysis revealed that snowmelt increases the quantiles obtained from the selected extreme values distributions of about 2.2%, with stronger impacts for longer durations, up to 10%. At a larger scale, the analysis of surface melting over the Greenland ice sheet is of paramount importance to better estimate the ice sheet contribution to sea level rise. The cross-calibration of five different sensors collecting satellite data over the Greenland ice sheet between 1979 and 2019 has been performed. The comparison with in-situ observation and the output of the regional climate model MAR revealed that a threshold-based melt detection algorithm based on the electromagnetic emission model MEMLS shows the best performances in capturing surface melting evolution. The long-term trends analysis showed an increase of surface melting areal extension of about 3.6-6.9% of the Greenland ice sheet every decade. The melting season has started between 3 and 4 days earlier and between 3 and 7 days later every decade. The total number of melting days has increase by 3-5 days every decade. A statistical downscaling algorithm for the regional climate model MAR has been implemented. The comparison with in-situ observations and satellite measurements revealed that the downscaled dataset can well capture temperature temporal evolution and spatial distribution. It better captures at local scale the cumulated surface mass balance, exhibiting lower errors when compared with measured surface mass balance with respect to the original modelled outpu
A method to assess the uncertainty of Benfratello's estimate of the irrigation deficit in a semiarid area and its GIS based application for anthropogenic and climate change scenarios
No full textPalliative treatment with covered, self-expandable nitinol stent of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urethra: a treatment potentially applicable to human
No full textPentaclorofenolo: stato attuale delle conoscenze
No full textLargely produced and used as a 'universal biocide', pentachlorophenol (PCP) is under investigation as possible carcinogenic agent for man, after Scandinavian studies have shown that human exposure to chlorophenols might be associated with cancer and leukaemia. PCP is used mainly in the wood and tanning industries. Technical grade PCP may be contaminated by variable amounts of impurities, including chlorinated dioxins and furans. This makes it uncertain whether the acute and chronic effects observed in experimental animals can be ascribed to PCP itself or to its contaminants. The acute toxic effects of PCP are due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The porphyrogenic and acnigenic activity shown by the commercial products appears to be related to the presence of contaminants. Both pure and technical grade PCP induce toxic damage to the liver and changes in the immunological system. Analytical grade PCP has been found to be teratogenic in animals. Analogous effects have also been caused by hexachlorodibenzodioxin, one of the main contaminants of PCP. So far, the carcinogenic activity of PCP has not been sufficiently studied. Experimental investigations in animals are few and of questionable value. Human epidemiological data address multiple exposure situations, where the significance of PCP exposure cannot be easily singled out. Therefore the question is still open and further research is needed. Absorption of PCP in humans may occur through inhalation, skin penetration and via the digestive system. PCP is metabolized in the organism only to a limited extent and is mostly excreted unchanged with the urine. Human exposure is not confined to work settings. Although environmental persistence of PCP is rather short, minimal amounts of PCP can be traced almost everywhere in the environment and in human tissues. PCP may dissipate in the environment from waste disposal, treated wood or other sources. Release of PCP from treated wood may be of importance as a source of human exposure for countries where log homes are popular. PCP can be detected in environmental samples using sensitive and specific analytical methods; these methods can also be adapted for use in human biological monitoring by measuring the PCP concentration in blood and urine. The relationship between environmental exposure and PCP levels in body fluids is rather uncertain. Urinary PCP concentrations can be used for biological monitoring of exposed subjects. Health surveillance of workers exposed to PCP should be addressed mainly to the evaluation of skin disorders, liver function changes and nervous system alterations
La prevenzione del rischio latice in una grande azienda ospedaliera milanese.
No full textSeveral epidemiologic studies have highlighted that latex sensitization prevalence rate has increased over twenty years both in the general and working population, mainly among health care workers. Such subjects can develop immediate local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions up to anaphylactic shock. First, at San Paolo Hospital in Milan, it has been determined latex sensitization and allergy prevalence rates in health care workers involved in health surveillance. Subsequently an interdisciplinary task group has been constituted in order to plan latex pathology preventive actions in health workers and to identify the preventive measures that must be applied in allergic patients. These facets are tightly one another linked.
Since latex allergy primary prevention is the most effective, but difficult to put into effect. Operational protocols, by which recognize latex allergy risk factors and reduce exposure to this substance, have developed for both workers and users. Latex allergy and sensitization occurrence will not probably be erased by these procedures application, but they will be reduced within the limits as low as possible
The role of human volunteer studies to assess pesticide hazards from the evaluation of selected published studies
No full textThe question of the ethical and scientific acceptability of experimental studies involving human volunteers has been raised by recent debates, and has never found a clear answer. To the aim of reaching a better understanding of the advantages and the limits of these studies, the ICOH Scientific Committee on Rural Health has evaluated selected published papers to collect a better understanding of the real added value of these studies. To this aim, a PubMed search has been performed, and the papers to be evaluated have been selected based on type of study, compound addressed, and year of publication, for a total of 26 papers. For each paper the following items has been collected: author; year of publication; journal; peer review; aim of the study (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion –ADME); study of biological effects and/or toxicity; exposure; other, relation with pesticide authorization procedures, compound addressed, experimental design, number of groups and subjects, statistical power, approval of the ethical committee, and real need of the study to collect the requested information. Based on the evaluation carried out by our WG, it seems that most experimental studies in human volunteers, as published in the scientific literature, have not been explicitly performed to set reference values. Most of the recent studies deal with ADME rather than with toxicological effects. The problems with studies in human are the use of only one dose level and the usually relatively low number of subjects per group. For this reason, it seems that very seldom these studies are useful to set reference values, but sometime the results contribute in reducing the uncertainty of the assessments possibly help in defining a chemical-specific assessment factor. Another use of these studies might be the identification of the proper or most adequate indicators to be used in biological monitoring of exposure
Sorveglianza sanitaria in agricoltura : l’esperienza del Centro Internazionale per la Salute Rurale dell’Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano
No full textOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN
AGRICULTURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR RURAL HEALTH. The results of the activities of occupational
health surveillance in agriculture carried out by the International Centre for Rural Health since 2008 are described.The activities involve 800 workers employed in 260 farms in the Region of Lombardy (Italy). The types of farms reflect the vocation toward agricultural sector of the Po Valley and the most representative tasks are related to animal care and use of agricultural machinery. Based on the specific risks, workers are provided with preventive and periodic examinations, and complementary laboratory and instrumental evaluations (hearing and respiratory functions, electrocardiography), related to the different risk factors present in the enterprises.
The occupational health priorities identified are, for the time being, noise-induced hearing loss and insufficient immunization against tetanus
Concurrent superimposed ice formation and meltwater runoff on Greenland's ice slabs
No full textPlease see the README.md file for further information.Tedstone, A., Machguth, H., Clerx, N., Jullien, N., Picton, H., Ducrey, J., van As, D., Colosio, P., Tedesco, M., Lhermitte, S., & Tedstone, A. (2025). Concurrent superimposed ice formation and meltwater runoff on Greenland's ice slabs [Data set]. In Nature Communications. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1508954
