197,165 research outputs found
Gold panning : a guide to recreational gold panning on the Kenai Peninsula, Chugach National Forest, Alaska /
No full text"R10-RG-134"--Cover.Mode of access: Internet.
Spatial sound generation and perception by amplitude panning techniques
No full textSpatial audio aims to recreate or synthesize spatial attributes when reproducing audio over loudspeakers or headphones. Such spatial attributes include, for example, locations of perceived sound sources and an auditory sense of space. This thesis focuses on new methods of spatial audio for loudspeaker listening and on measuring the quality of spatial audio by subjective and objective tests.
In this thesis the vector base amplitude panning (VBAP) method, which is an amplitude panning method to position virtual sources in arbitrary 2-D or 3-D loudspeaker setups, is introduced. In amplitude panning the same sound signal is applied to a number of loudspeakers with appropriate non-zero amplitudes. With 2-D setups VBAP is a reformulation of the existing pair-wise panning method. However, differing from earlier solutions it can be generalized for 3-D loudspeaker setups as a triplet-wise panning method. A sound signal is then applied to one, two, or three loudspeakers simultaneously. VBAP has certain advantages compared to earlier virtual source positioning methods in arbitrary layouts. Previous methods either used all loudspeakers to produce virtual sources, which results in some artefacts, or they used loudspeaker triplets with a non-generalizable 2-D user interface.
The virtual sources generated with VBAP are investigated. The human directional hearing is simulated with a binaural auditory model adapted from the literature. The interaural time difference (ITD) cue and the interaural level difference (ILD) cue which are the main localization cues are simulated for amplitude-panned virtual sources and for real sources. Psychoacoustic listening tests are conducted to study the subjective quality of virtual sources. Statistically significant phenomena found in listening test data are explained by auditory model simulation results. To obtain a generic view of directional quality in arbitrary loudspeaker setups, directional cues are simulated for virtual sources with loudspeaker pairs and triplets in various setups.
The directional qualities of virtual sources generated with VBAP can be stated as follows. Directional coordinates used for this purpose are the angle between a position vector and the median plane (θcc), and the angle between a projection of a position vector to the median plane and frontal direction (Φcc). The perceived θcc direction of a virtual source coincides well with the VBAP panning direction when a loudspeaker set is near the median plane. When the loudspeaker set is moved towards a side of a listener, the perceived θcc direction is biased towards the median plane. The perceived Φcc direction of an amplitude-panned virtual source is individual and cannot be predicted with any panning law.reviewe
An investigation into the efficacy of methods commonly employed by mix engineers to reduce frequency masking in the mixing of multitrack musical recordings
No full textStudio engineers use a variety of techniques to reduce frequency masking between instruments when mixing multi-track musical recordings. This study evaluates the efficacy of three techniques, namely mirrored equalization, frequency spectrum sharing and stereo panning, against their variations to confirm the veracity of accepted practice. Mirrored equalisation involves boosting one instrument and cutting the other at the same frequency. Frequency spectrum sharing involves low pass filtering one instrument and high pass filtering the other. Panning involves placing two competing instruments at different pan positions. Test subjects used eight tools comprising a single unlabeled slider to reduce frequency masking in several two instrument scenarios. Satisfaction values were recorded. Results indicate subjects preferred using tools that panned both audio tracks
Long-period seismology on Europa: 1. Physically consistent interior models
No full textIn order to examine the potential of seismology to determine the interior structure and properties of Europa, it is essential to calculate seismic velocities and attenuation for the range of plausible interiors. We calculate a range of models for the physical structure of Europa, as constrained by the satellite's composition, mass, and moment of inertia. We assume a water-ice shell, a pyrolitic or a chondritic mantle, and a core composed of pure iron or iron plus 20 weight percent of sulfur. We consider two extreme mantle thermal states: hot and cold. Given a temperature and composition, we determine density, seismic velocities, and attenuation using thermodynamical models. While anelastic effects will be negligible in a cold mantle and the brittle part of the ice shell, strong dispersion and dissipation are expected in a hot convective mantle and the bulk of the ice shell. There is a strong relationship between different thermal structures and compositions. The "hot" mantle may maintain temperatures consistent with a liquid core made of iron plus light elements. For the "cold scenarios," the possibility of a solid iron core cannot be excluded, and it may even be favored. The depths of the ocean and core-mantle boundary are determined with high precision, 10 km and 40 km, respectively, once we assume a composition and thermal structure. Furthermore, the depth of the ocean is relatively insensitive (4 km) to the core composition used. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union
Long-period seismology on Europa: 2. Predicted seismic response
No full textPrevious studies have documented the potential for using relatively short-period body waves and intermediate-period surface waves to explore the structure and tectonics of Europa. We show that long-period measurements (0.001 to 0.1 Hz) may have large amplitudes of displacement (millimeters to centimeters) and are potentially measurable from orbit without requiring a lander. To accurately model the long-period response of Europa, we use normal modes calculated from physically self-consistent models of Europa's structure developed in part 1 (Cammarano et al., 2007). On the basis of the geometry of observed faults, we estimate that faulting events of magnitude 5 or larger may occur regularly. Synthetic seismograms show that long-period displacement measurements with millimeter accuracy could detect current tectonic activity and determine the thickness of Europa's ice shell, and confirm the presence of a subsurface ocean. Determination of deeper structure with seismic measurements, however, is more challenging in the presence of a global liquid ocean, which acts to decouple deeper seismic energy from the surface. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union
Panning peptide libraries on filamentous phage
No full text1996 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.This Ph.D. project involved using the filamentous phage as a tool to express peptide libraries on its external appendage called the pIII protein. The peptide libraries were designed based on a motif of the honeybee toxin Apamin. Apamin is expressed on the end of the pIII protein and a portion of the apamin section is randomized to produce all possible combinations of amino acids to give a peptide library. The library phage are then panned on a derivatized solid support to determine if any library members have an affinity to a target ligand. The target chosen is a portion of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cells called L-lysine-D-alanine-D-alanine. This is the site for binding of the antibiotic vancomycin. Library members that bind to this site should have vancomycin-like activity. This project entailed preparing the libraries, synthesizing the ligand, and derivatizing a variety of solid supports for panning. Many different panning experiments were performed on several libraries and the results are described herein
Semperiellinae Heding & Panning 1954
No full textSub-family Semperiellinae Heding and Panning, 1954 Diagnosis (emended from O’Loughlin et al. (2012) and Smirnov (2012)). Dendrochirotid species with 20 dendritic tentacles; calcareous ring composite, comprising a mosaic of small pieces or discrete segments; radials and inter-radials prolonged posteriorly, prolongations frequently merge to create a tubular ring; radials frequently with median division for most of the length creating 2 narrow posterior prolongations that sometimes fuse with inter-radials, distal ends sometimes crosslinked; body wall tables with 2 or 3 or 4 spires. Remarks. Smirnov (2012) raised the sub-family Thyoninae Panning, 1949 to family status as Thyonidae, with a diagnostic emphasis on the mosaic structure of the composite and frequently tubular calcareous ring. He included the two sub-families Thyoninae (with 10 tentacles) and Semperiellinae (with 15 or 20 tentacles). O’Loughlin et al. (2012) noted that Rowe and Richmond (2004) judged that Semperiella Heding and Panning, 1954 (in the then new sub-family Semperiellinae) is a junior synonym of Thyonidiella Heding and Panning, 1954 (in the then new sub-family Phyllophorinae). As a consequence genera of the sub-family Semperiellinae have 20 tentacles. We have emended the diagnosis of Semperiellinae to include this fact, to include species with tables that have three pillars in each spire (see new genus and species below), and to provide a more detailed description of the calcareous ring. Michonneau and Paulay (2014) judged that Semperiella and Thyonidiella are junior synonyms of Phyrella Heding and Panning, 1954, and referred Phyrella to the Phyllophoridae Östergren, 1907. They suggested that a phylogenetic re-assessment of the family Phyllophoridae remains unresolved. We recognize that molecular genetic data will be crucial to resolving the many emerging issues. Massinium Samyn and Thandar, 2003 Massinium Samyn and Thandar, 2003: 136.— Samyn et al., 2010: 2. Diagnosis. Frequently semi-spherical species with oral and anal dorsal orientations; 20 dendritic tentacles arranged in two circles of 10 large outer and 10 small inner (proximal peri-oral); tube feet distributed all over mid-body; calcareous ring elongate, tubular, with both radial and inter-radial plates fragmented into a mosaic of small pieces, and posterior prolongations linked distally to form inter-radial oval non-calcified spaces beneath the water vascular ring; polian vesicles from 1 to 4; ossicles variably include granuliform rods, rosettes, pseudo-buttons and tables; table spires with 1 or 2 or 3 or reduced pillars. Type species. Massinium maculosum Samyn and Thandar, 2003 (original designation) (South Africa). Other species, with distributions. Massinium albicans Samyn et al., 2010 (New Caledonia); M. arthroprocessum (Thandar, 1989) (South Africa); M. bonapartum O’Loughlin sp. nov. (NW Austraila); M. dissimilis (Cherbonnier, 1988) (Madagascar); M. granulosum Samyn et al., 2010 (NE Australia); M. keesingi O’Loughlin sp. nov. (NW Australia); M. magnum (Ludwig, 1882) (Indonesia); M. melanieae O’Loughlin in O’Loughlin et al., 2012 (S Australia); M. vimsi O’Loughlin in O’Loughlin et al., 2012 (SE Australia); M. watsonae O’Loughlin in O’Loughlin et al., 2012 (SE Australia). Remarks. We have emended the diagnosis of Massinium from that in Samyn et al. (2010) to reflect our observations in this review.Published as part of P. Mark O'Loughlin, Melanie Mackenzie & Didier Vandenspiegel, 2014, New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), pp. 5-23 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72 on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.129802
Schematic outline of the bio-panning procedure.
No full text<p>Three rounds of biopanning were performed against the ΔleucineD and ΔpanthothenateCD double auxotroph (Δleu/Δpan) strain of <i>M. tb</i>. After the third round of panning, eluted phages were subjected to a subtraction round against <i>M. smegmatis</i> (round 4). Round 5 was performed against the target (Δleu/Δpan) <i>M. tb</i>. DNA from phages eluted at the end of the fifth round was sequenced and the corresponding peptide sequences were analysed.</p
A wireless real-time controller for the Apollo 'Ensemble' audio visual system
No full textThis research investigates the development of a surround sound controller prototype application for the Apple iPhone and iPad (iOS) for the users of Apollo Creative’s ‘Ensemble’ system. ‘Ensemble’ is an interactive audio, lighting and video software and hardware package. It allows users to design multi-sensory environments and software instruments reacting to a range of input sensors. The users are primarily music therapists and special needs specialists. The iOS application functionality and user interface is designed primarily to accommodate Ensemble users but the study additionally explores complex functionality for advanced users such as composers and sound designers. Some of the features of the application allow users to: position multiple speakers arbitrarily in a 2D environment; adjust the volume of a single or groups of speakers; route sound source inputs; directly position sound; automate positioning by drawing pan trajectories; play back and manipulate the pan trajectories in a complex way including the use of touch gestures; further automate using multiple path layers. The software incorporates the OpenFrameworks library and communicates wirelessly with a Max/MSP spatialiser, using the Open Sound Control (OSC) protocol via control messages. Surround sound panning is controlled using Distance-Based Amplitude Panning to allow arbitrary speaker and listener positions. The application was evaluated by a series of diagnostic tests and detailed interviews
Quantum inspire - Qutech's platform for co-development and collaboration in quantum computing
No full textThe mission of QuTech is to bring quantum technology to industry and society by translating fundamental scientific research into applied research. To this end we are developing Quantum Inspire (QI), a full-stack quantum computer prototype for future co-development and collaborative R&D in quantum computing. A prerelease of this prototype system is already offering the public cloud-based access to QuTech technologies such as a programmable quantum computer simulator (with up to 31 qubits) and tutorials and user background knowledge on quantum information science (www.quantum-inspire.com). Access to a programmable CMOS-compatible Silicon spin qubit-based quantum processor will be provided in the next deployment phase. The first generation of QI's quantum processors consists of a double quantum dot hosted in an in-house grown SiGe/28Si/SiGe heterostructure, and defined with a single layer of Al gates. Here we give an overview of important aspects of the QI full-stack. We illustrate QI's modular system architecture and we will touch on parts of the manufacturing and electrical characterization of its first generation two spin qubit quantum processor unit. We close with a section on QI's qubit calibration framework. The definition of a single qubit Pauli X gate is chosen as concrete example of the matching of an experiment to a component of the circuit model for quantum computation.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.BUS/TNO STAFFQCD/Vandersypen LabQCD/Scappucci LabQN/Veldhorst LabQN/Vandersypen LabBUS/Quantum Delf
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