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En fælles grammatik for ældre nordisk?
No full textThis article essentially describes the method used for the reconstruction of pan-Nordic forms to be used as headwords in a glossary of anthological passages written in the five medieval Nordic languages: Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian, Old Danish, Old Swedish and Old Gutnish (Haugen 2018). Furthermore, the article illustrates how the same kind of pan-Nordic forms can also be used in the grammatical description of the medieval Nordic languages.
This article therefore further develops the subject already addressed by the author previously (Panieri 2019), but places it in the more complex context of the grammatical description. The theoretical background on which the reconstruction of the pan-Nordic forms rests is mainly based on the traditional language comparative method. Its explanatory model alone can hardly account for the whole complex interplay of coexisting factors behind the historical development of language, but it is nevertheless well suited as a basis for an abstract reference system for use in a language description of the Nordic medieval languages which, mostly for pedagogical reasons, strives to emphasize the similarities and common origin of the languages
Data on metabolic-dependent antioxidant response in the cardiovascular tissues of living zebrafish under stress conditions
No full textIn this article we used transgenic zebrafish lines that express compartment-specific isoforms of the roGFP2-Orp1 and Grx1-roGFP2 biosensors, described in Panieri et al (2017) [1], to test the contribute of the pentose phosphate pathway and of the glutathione biosynthesis in the antioxidant capacity of myocardial and endothelial cells in vivo. The transgenic zebrafish embryos were subdued to metabolic inhibition and subsequently challenged with H2O2 or the redox-cycling agent menadione to respectively mimic acute or chronic oxidative stress. Confocal time-lapse recordings were performed to follow the compartmentalized H2O2 and EGSH changes in the cardiovascular tissues of zebrafish embryos at 48 h post fertilization. After sequential excitation at 405 nm and 488 nm the emission was collected between 500–520 nm every 2 min for an overall duration of 60 min. The 405/488 nm ratio was normalized to the initial value obtained before oxidants addition and plotted over time. The analysis and the interpretation of the data can be found in the associated article [1]
Considerazioni tipologiche e diacroniche sull’uso e la morfologia del tempo e del modo nel cimbro settecomunigiano
Full text linkIl cimbro settecomunigiano è una lingua germanica che mostra sorprendenti
tratti arcaici, specialmente al livello morfofonologico e lessicale, che palesano
una stretta connessione col tedesco medievale. Tuttavia, analizzando l’uso e la
morfologia dei tempi e dei modi, tipologicamente e diacronicamente, il cimbro
rivela sia conservatorismi che innovazioni. Quest’ultime, condivise anche dal
tedesco, specialmente bavarese, si possono riassumere così: il tempo verbale della
subordinata non concorda con quello della reggente; il Perfekt sostituisce il Präteritum;
la morfologia del condizionale è simile al Konjunktiv 2 del bavarese. I conservatorismi
rilevati, di contrasto al tedesco attuale, sono invece i seguenti: associazione del
congiuntivo con il tratto logico semantico [+ potenziale]; uso diffuso delle forme
sintetiche originarie del condizionale (< preterito congiuntivo germanico), non
rimpiazzate da perifrasi (cf. tedesco würde + inf.).The Cimbrian dialect of the Asiago Plateau is a Germanic language that exhibits
surprising archaic features, especially at the morphophonological and lexical levels,
which attest to its close ties with medieval German. However, a typological and
diachronic analysis of its tense and mood usage and morphology reveals a mixture
of conservatism and innovation in Cimbrian. The innovative traits, also shared
by German, especially Bavarian, can be summarized as follows: the absence of
tense agreement between subordinate and main clauses; the replacement of the
Präteritum by the Perfekt; a conditional morphology similar to Bavarian’s Konjunktiv
2. Instead, the conservative features, which contrast with current German, is
include the following: the association of the subjunctive with the semantic-logical
feature [+ potential]; the widespread use of original synthetic conditional forms
(< Germanic preterite subjunctive), that have not been replaced by periphrasis (cf.
German würde + inf.)
Eine neue phonetische Hypothese zum primären Umlaut von germ. */a/ im Althochdeutschen
Full text linkThis paper is concerned with the origin of the so-called Old High German primary umlaut. Even if this question has long been discussed, debate on this subject is still open. It seems however that scholars, though not agreeing with each other, mostly accept the standard theory's assumption of the existence of two kinds of short e in Old High German, of which the one derived from an umlauted germ. */a/ is taken to be higher than the one derived directly from germ. */e/, usually denoted by 〈ë〉 in handbooks and grammars.While thinking that there is indeed no reason to doubt that German had at a certain time set up a phonological opposition between, respectively, [e] and [ε], the apparent phonetic paradox of the rise of the former and more closed vowel starting from an ancient very open [a] still remains: how could [a] develop into [e] without running across the [ε]? This paper gives a new phonetic solution to this problem, which is able to account for such enfants terribles as OHG thanchandi/thenkendi (< germ. *þankijanđ-), both found in the same manuscript
Una nuova ipotesi fonetica sull'Umlaut primario di germ. */a/ in antico alto tedesco
No full textIl tema di questo contributo riguarda l’origine del cosiddetto Umlaut primario antico alto tedesco. Per quanto l’argomento sia già stato discusso molte volte in passato, il dibattito in merito è tuttora aperto. Sembra comunque che gli studiosi, nonostante il loro reciproco disaccordo, abbiano per lo più accettato l’ipotesi tradizionale dell’esistenza originaria di due tipi di “e” in antico alto tedesco, delle quali quella originatasi da germ. /a/ per metafonia palatale è ritenuta essere una vocale più alta di quella direttamente derivata da germ. /e/; quest’ultima denotata solitamente nella manualistica da .
Sebbene non vi siano ragioni valide per dubitare che la lingua tedesca, ad un certo momento della sua storia, abbia instaurato un sistema fonologico in cui le dette vocali erano in opposizione, realizzandosi rispettivamente come [e] ed [ɛ], rimane tuttavia inspiegato l’apparente paradosso fonetico dell’insorgere della più alta di esse a partire da un’originaria [a], vocale di massima apertura: com’è possibile infatti giungere dalla qualità articolatoria [a] a quella di [e] senza scontrarsi con [ɛ]? Questo breve articolo propone una nuova soluzione fonetica al problema, mediante la quale si potrà render conto di temuti ed incompresi enfants terribles del genere aat. thanchandi / thenkendi ( in handbooks and grammars.
While thinking that there is indeed no reason to doubt that German had at a certain time set up a phonological opposition between, respectively, [e] and [ε], the apparent phonetic paradox of the rise of the former and more closed vowel starting from an ancient very open [a] still remains: how could [a] develop into [e] without running across the [ε]? This paper gives a new phonetic solution to this problem, which is able to account for such enfants terribles as OHG thanchandi / thenkendi (<germ. *þankijanđ-), both found in the same manuscript
Ortografia e radici storiche della lingua cimbra
No full textSi spiegano al pubblico le ragioni delle scelte operate sulle norme ortografiche da adottare per la lingua cimbra di Luserna
Nuove riflessioni sul genitivo plurale gotico
No full textnuova ipotesi sull'origine della controversa desinenza del genitivo plurale gotico -ē.A new hypothesis on the origin of the controversial gothic genitive plural ending -ē
De danske enstavelsesord med udlydende langvokal sproghistorisk belyst af "afstemningsteorien".
No full textIn a recently published paper I presented a new hypothesis regarding the origin of the Danish stød connecting this phenomenon with devoicing of consonants in final position or in internal position before other devoiced or unvoiced consonants. In the light of this “devoicing theory” I will find here an explanation for some historical-linguistic problems linked to the presence of stød in modern Danish monosyllables, which only at first sight seem to contradict the devoicing theory itself. It will be shown, in fact, how the theory itself can be used to find a plausible explanation for such problems.
In this context three different phenomena are shown to be relevant in setting up a reliable explanatory model for the above-mentioned problems: the first stage of the Old Norse development sēa > sjā 'to see', modern Danish schwa-assimilation and ”stødefterslag” (stød afterbeat)
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