113 research outputs found
Effects of dietary copper concentration and source on efficacy of phytase, phytate-phosphorus utilization, and intestinal microbiota in the chicken (Gallus domesticus)
No full textHigh levels of dietary copper (Cu), up to 250 ppm, are normally added to poultry diets in the USA as a growth promoter and antimicrobial. However, reports of growth benefits of Cu on birds are not consistent and bactericidal/bacteriostatic effects and growth stimulation mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, high levels of dietary Cu may affect the efficacy of phytase due to its high affinity for phytate. In the first study, effects of Cu concentration and source on in vitro phytate-P (PP) hydrolysis by phytase were investigated. Copper concentration, Cu source, and pH influenced PP hydrolysis by phytase in vitro and were related to the amount of soluble Cu and formation of insoluble Cu-phyate complex. Effects of dietary Cu addition at 250 ppm and source on digesta pH, and size of Ca, Zn and Cu complexes in intestinal digesta of broiler chickens were investigated in the second study. Copper supplementation and Cu source had no effects on pH of gizzard or duodenum+jejunum contents, however, Cu supplementation increased the pH of ileal contents (P \u3c 0.05). Copper addition had no effects on Cu or Ca portions among soluble complexes of different molecular weight (MW) sizes but increased (P \u3c 0.05) the percentage of Zn associated with large complexes (\u3e 100,000 MW) by 46.08 to 59.56% and decreased (P \u3c 0.05) the percentage of Zn associated with small complexes (\u3c 5,000 MW) by 14.48 to 16.78%. Influence of dietary Cu concentration and source on intestinal microorganisms in vitro and in broiler chickens was studied in the third study. Lactobacilli showed quadratic increases to graded levels of Cu up to 125 ppm from Cu Sul, and E. coli showed quadratic decreases up to 250 ppm Cu from Cu Sul (P \u3c 0.05). Addition of 187.5 ppm Cu from either Cu Sul or tri-basic Cu chloride (TBCC) had no effects on number of ileal Lactobacilli in broiler chickens. Supplementation with TBCC reduced coefficient similarity of the microbiota in ileal contents, whereas Cu Sul and TBCC had no effects on microbiota similarity coefficients or number of predominant species associated with the ileal mucosa
Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) liaoli Yang & Li
No full textCacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) liaoli (Yang & Li) (Figs 44–51) Psylla liaoli Yang & Li, 1981: 43; Hodkinson, 1986: 327. Cacopsylla liaoli (Yang & Li): Li, 2011: 864. Adult. Coloration: Body black. Females lighter than males in general colour. Vertex black; areas alongside the median suture and middle of the hind margin yellowish brown to blackish brown. Genal process black. Compound eyes red; ocelli yellowish brown. Antenna yellow, with brown apices on segment VI, segments VII–VIII entirely brown, segments IX–X entirely black. Thorax black, terga gradually lightening into brown from bilateral sides to the middle; stripes unclear. Legs yellow, metafemora brown exept for apical 1 / 5 and basal 1 / 4, apical tarsal segments brown. Fore wing transparent, more or less yellowish, hind half covered by large brown pattern (Fig. 51) which occupies cells cu 2, cu 1, m 2, m 1, apical 1 / 5 of r 2 and apical angle of r 1, with the small area around the anal break uncolored. Abdomen blackish brown. Male proctiger brown, paramere yellow. Female terminalia brown. Structures: Body glabrous and relatively slender. Head relatively small, about as wide as mesoscutum, strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis. Vertex (Fig. 45) finely sculptured with microscopic setae and scaly micro structures that are relatively long, narrow, sparse and remarkably reduced; fore margin relatively strongly deflexed. Genal processes (Fig. 44) cone-shaped and near obliquely truncate subapically, shorter than the vertex along median suture, and covered with very sparse short setae. Antenna relatively short and slender, slightly squiggly; terminal setae (Fig. 50) not as long as each other, the longer one about twice as long as the shorter one, and about as long as antennal segment X. Metatibia with well developed basal spine, apical spurs arranged in (1 + 1 + 2 + 1). Fore wing (Fig. 51) oblong oval, widest at apical third; pterostigma relatively long, ending at apical third of cell r 1; cell cu 1 relatively flat, turning of vein Cu 1 a relatively smooth; surface spinules that are obviously denser than normal (as is in most Cacopsylla spp. represented by C. chinensis) present in all cells, leaving spinule-free bands along veins, narrowing apically along Rs, M 1 + 2, M 3 + 4 and Cu 1 a; 3 sets of relatively less developed radular spinules present in cells m 1, m 2 and cu 1, only distinguished under high-power objective (40 × or higher). Male terminalia: Proctiger (Fig. 46) slightly arched, covered with short setae. Paramere (Figs 46 & 48) lamellar and relatively broad; apex tooth-shaped, blunt, moderately inflexed and projected caudad; dense erect short setae present in both inner and outer surface, relatively evenly distributed, slightly longer and denser in posterior margin than in anterior margin. Apical half of basal aedeagus segment (Fig. 46) moderately curved caudad; distal aedaegus segment (Fig. 47) slightly curved, apical dilatation relatively less dilated; ductus ejaculatorius projecting dorsalbasally and moderately curved apically. Subgenital plate (Fig. 46) near quadrate, with several setae that vary in length in dorsal margin, ventral surface sparsely covered with short setae. Female terminalia (Fig. 49): Proctiger convex dorsally in profile, covered with setae that vary in length; remarkably curved at about the middle of anus longitudinally, with the basal part rising upward; laterally and apex of apical part covered with peg setae that gradually turn longer in the basal part. Subgenital plate relatively flat, covered with short setae and peg setae. Material examined. Holotype: male, dry mounted, China, Liaoning, Beizhen, Xingcheng, 11.v. 1960, Zhang Ciren. Paratypes: 8 male, 6 female, with same data as holotype. Non-paratypic specimens: China, Liaoning, 5 male, Xicheng, vii. 1964, Wu Weijun. Hebei, 1 male, 5 female, Guangtoushan, Pingquan, 500–1500 m, 3.vii. 1986, Li Fasheng. Shanxi: 1 male, 6 female, Fengshan, Taigu, 1300 m, 5.iv. 1982, Pang Zhen. Gansu: 4 male, 11 female, Sanshilipu, Hezheng, 23.iv. 2009, Ma Yanfang, on Pyrus ussuriensis. Distribution. China: Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu. Host plants. Pyrus communis, P. bretschneideri (common name: Bai li, white pear), P. ussuriensis. Remarks. This species is known as Liaoning pear psyllid. According to Pang & Pang (1990), it is polyvoltine (2 generations a year in Taigu, Shanxi Province) without seasonal dimorphism, and overwinters as 2 nd instar nymphs. These authors also gave a brief description and illustration of the nymphs.Published as part of Luo, Xinyu, Li, Fasheng, Ma, Yanfang & Cai, Wanzhi, 2012, A revision of Chinese pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Pyrus ussuriensis, pp. 58-80 in Zootaxa 3489 on pages 72-74, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21397
Four Chinese music demigods and Chinese romanticism of the twentieth century
No full textIncludes original composition by the author, Sound journey through the way of Ta
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Is Automated Journalistic Writing Less Biased? An Experimental Test of Auto-Written and Human-Written News Stories
No full textBy administering an online experiment, this study examined how source and journalistic domains affect the perceived objectivity, message credibility, medium credibility, bias, and overall journalistic quality of news stories among an adult sample (N = 370) recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) service. Within the framework of the cognitive authority theory, the study found auto-written news stories were rated as more objective, credible (both message and medium credibility), and less biased. However, significant difference was found between a combined assessment condition (news stories with source and author information) and a message only assessment condition (news stories without source and author information) in the ratings of objectivity and credibility, but not bias. Moreover, significant differences were found in the objectivity and credibility ratings of auto-written and human-written news stories in the journalistic domains of politics, finance and sports news stories. In auto-written news stories, sports news stories were rated more objective and credible, while financial news stories were rated as more biased. In human-written stories, financial news stories were rated as more objective and credible. However, political news stories were rated as more biased among human-written news stories, and in cases where auto-written and human-written stories were combined
Evaluation of elastic property changes in Karamay oil sand reservoir during thermal stimulation
No full textL1 least squares for sparse high-dimensional LDA
No full textThis paper studies high-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (LDA). First, we review the l(1) penalized least square LDA proposed in [10], which could circumvent estimation of the annoying high-dimensional covariance matrix. Then detailed theoretical analyses of this sparse LDA are established. To be specific, we prove that the penalized estimator is l(2) consistent in high-dimensional regime and the misclassification error rate of the penalized LDA is asymptotically optimal under a set of reasonably standard regularity conditions. The theoretical results are complementary to the results to [10], together with which we have more understanding of the l(1) penalized least square LDA (or called Lassoed LDA).National Science Foundation of China [11101005, 11571021]; Key Lab of Mathematical Economics and Quantitative Finance (Ministry of Education); Key lab of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics (Ministry of Education); MOE-Microsoft Key Laboratory of Statistics and Information Technology of Peking UniversitySCI(E)ARTICLE12499-25181
Evaluation of Shear Dilation Capability/Potential and Permeability Changes in Karamay Oil Sands under Water Injection
No full textWater injection can effectively improve the reservoir porosity and permeability by shear dilation in the vicinity of wellbores. In this paper, shear dilation and permeability improvement capability/potential are proposed to describe the evolutions of porosity and permeability under water injection-induced shear. The mathematical models based on Karamay oil sand microstructures derived from ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscope) are established to predict the shear dilation effects based on the particle packing theory. Triaxial compression and permeability experiments are conducted to validate the theoretical models, and the experimental data is consistent with model results. Also, the study compares shear dilation capabilities evaluated from three scales: ESEM (μm), laboratory triaxial compression tests (cm), and field injection tests (m). Major conclusions through an application on the wellpair A-2 in area A of the Karamay oil field showed that the oil sands have an excellent shear dilation potential. The larger arrangement angle results in stronger shear dilation and permeability, which means a lower arrangement angle provides a higher potential for improvement. The shear dilation capabilities predicted by ESEM, triaxial compression experiments, and field injection data descend in turn, which indicates that the actual shear dilation capability is difficult to be utilized by present field operations
The Implementation of Electric Pile Sharing Operation System based on Identity-Based Cryptograph
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