85,002 research outputs found
Hanyangaspididae Pan & Liu 1975
No full textFamily † Hanyangaspididae Pan & Liu 1975, spelling in prevailing recent practice †Hanyangaspidae Pan & Liu in Pan, Wang & Liu 1975: 147 (family) † Hanyangaspis Pan & Liu 1975 [family name also seen as † Hanyangaspididae]Published as part of Laan, Richard Van Der, 2018, Family-group names of fossil fishes, pp. 1-167 in European Journal of Taxonomy 466 on page 24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.466, http://zenodo.org/record/555755
Attention following and nonverbal referential communication in bonobos (Pan paniscus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
No full textA central issue in the study of primate communication is the extent to which individuals adjust their behaviour to the attention and signals of others, and manipulate others’ attention to communicate about external events. I investigated whether 13 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes spp.), 11 bonobos (Pan paniscus), and 7 orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) followed conspecific attention and led others to distal locations. Individuals were presented with a novel stimulus, to test if they would lead a conspecific to detect it in two experimental conditions. In one the conspecific faced the communicator, while another required the communicator to first attract the attention of a conspecific. All species followed conspecific attention, but only bonobos in conditions that required geometric attention following and that the communicator first attract the conspecific‘s attention. There was a clear trend for the chimpanzees to selectively produce a stimulus directional ‘hunching’ posture when viewing the stimulus in the presence of a conspecific rather than alone (the comparison was statistically non-significant, but very closely approached significance [p = 0.056]), and the behaviour consistently led conspecifics to look towards the stimulus. An observational study showed that ‘hunching’ only occurred in the context of attention following. Some chimpanzees and bonobos consistently and selectively combined functionally different behaviours (consisting of sequential auditory-stimulus-directional-behaviours), when viewing the stimulus in the presence of a non-attentive conspecific, although at species level this did not yield significant effects. While the design did not eliminate the possibility of a social referencing motive (“look and help me decide how to respond”), the coupling of auditory cues followed by directional cues towards a novel object, is consistent with a declarative and social referential interpretation of non-verbal deixis. An exploratory study, which applied the ‘Social Attention Hypothesis’ (that individuals accord and receive attention as a function of dominance) to attention following, showed that chimpanzees were more likely to follow the attention of the dominant individual. Overall, the results suggest that the paucity of observed referential behaviours in apes may owe to the inconspicuousness and multi-faceted nature of the behaviours
Vocal communication in bonobos (Pan paniscus) : studies in the contexts of feeding and sex
No full textDespite having being discovered nearly 80 years ago, bonobos (Pan paniscus) are still one of the least well understood of the great apes, largely remaining in the shadow of their better known cousins, the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This is especially evident in the domain of communication, with bonobo vocal behaviour still a
neglected field of study, especially compared to that of chimpanzees. In this thesis, I address this issue by exploring the natural vocal communication of bonobos and its underlying cognition, focusing on the role that vocalisations play during two key contexts, food discovery and sex. In the context of food-discovery, I combine
observational and experimental techniques to examine whether bonobos produce and understand vocalisations that convey meaningful information about the quality of
food encountered by the caller. Results indicate that bonobos produce an array of vocalisations when finding food, and combine different food-associated calls together into sequences in a way that relates to perceived food quality. In a subsequent playback study, it was demonstrated that receivers are able to extract meaning about perceived food quality by attending to these calls and integrating information across call sequences. In the context of sexual interactions, I examine the acoustic structure of female copulation calls, as well as patterns in call usage, to explore how these signals are used by individuals. My results show that females emit copulation calls in similar ways with both male and female partners, suggesting that these signals have become partly divorced from a function in reproduction, to assume a greater social role. Overall, my results highlight the relevance of studying primate vocalisations to investigate the underlying cognition and suggest that vocalisations are important behavioural tools for bonobos to navigate their social and physical worlds
PAN-weight.
No full textSmoke and fire detection technology is a key technology for automatically realizing forest monitoring and forest fire warning. One of the most popular algorithms for object detection tasks is YOLOv5. However, it suffers from some challenges, such as high computational load and limited detection performance. This paper proposes a high-performance lightweight network model for detecting forest smoke and fire based on YOLOv5 to overcome these problems. C3Ghost and Ghost modules are introduced into the Backbone and Neck network to achieve the purpose of reducing network parameters and improving the feature’s expressing performance. Coordinate Attention (CA) module is introduced into the Backbone network to highlight the object’s important information about smoke and fire and to suppress irrelevant background information. In Neck network part, in order to distinguish the importance of different features in feature fusing process, the weight parameter of feature fusion is added which is based on PAN (path aggregation network) structure, which is named PAN-weight. Multiple sets of controlled experiments were conducted to confirm the proposed method’s performance. Compared with YOLOv5s, the proposed method reduced the model size and FLOPs by 44.75% and 47.46% respectively, while increased precision and mAP(mean average precision)@0.5 by 2.53% and 1.16% respectively. The experimental results demonstrated the usefulness and superiority of the proposed method. The core code and dataset required for the experiment are saved in this article at https://github.com/vinchole/zzzccc.git.</div
Sweltsa tibetensis Li & Pan & Liu 2017, sp. nov.
No full textSweltsa tibetensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–15) Male habitus (Figs. 1–15). General color greenish, becoming pale in ethanol. Head with a large hexagonal median dark area, occiput with a distinct transverse, posterior stripe extending to posterior corners of compound eyes and rugose surface. Pronotum mostly dark brown to black, with yellow paralateral area. Compound eyes black, ocelli pale with dark rings. Antennae brown, basal segments paler, palpi yellowish brown. Meso- and metathoracic nota with typical U-marks. Wing membrane transparent, legs brownish. Abdominal tergum 1 with quadrate median stripe, terga 2-8 with trapezoidal median stripe, anterior margins of the stripes darker; stripe of tergum 8 only covering anterior third of the segment. Terga 2-8 each with a pair of distinct dark median spots. Forewing length 8.4 mm, hindwing length 7.5 mm. Lateral hair brush typical, present at abdominal segments 7–9 (Figs. 7–8). Tergum 9 sclerotized except the membranous median third posterior to sclerotized anteromedial transverse ridge, the ridge appearing as a pair of small erect triangular sclerites encompassing the scalloped posterior edge (Figs. 5, 7). Sternum 9 with broad trapezoidal subgenital plate, posterior margin truncate. Sternum 10 mostly membranous, laterally sclerotized, posterior margin truncate (Fig. 6). Tergum 10 with darkly sclerotized transverse bands, the medial portion between the bands greatly enlarged in a shield–like basal anchor, the anchor much longer than wide and with typical membranous groove and paragential plates between hemiterga (Figs. 5, 9, 10), basal bar concave ventrally and abruptly up-curved medially, thus L-shaped in lateral aspect (Fig. 10). Epiproct tip slender and recurved, parallel-sided for most of its length, with sharp apex in dorsal view; in lateral aspect the apex moderately enlarged and evenly up curved (Figs. 9–11); dorsal surface of epiproct mostly covered with rugose striations, the apex with a smooth lateral cap at the slightly expanded distal portion (Figs. 9–11). Aedeagus triangular in lateral aspect and “starfish-like” in caudal view. The dorsal lobe and dorsolateral lobes triangular and the ventrolateral lobes rounded (Figs. 12, 14). Posterior portion of aedeagus with a pair of nippleshaped lobes, each with several long hairs (Figs. 13, 15). Female and larva. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype male (HIST), CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi City, Nyingchi County, Sejilashan (Sejila Mountains), Sejilashan National Natural Reserve, unnamed stream at Zhongshan Station, 29°36.60'N, 94°36.19'E, 4200 m, 2014. VII.10, coll. Zhao Hui Pan. Etymology. The species name refers to the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Distribution. Presently only known from the Sejilashan National Nature Reserve, Nyingchi (Linzhi) of the southeastern Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Diagnosis and Remarks. The epiproct of the new species is most similar to S. longistyla (Wu, 1938), a species known from Gansu (Wu 1938), Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, and Ningxia provinces (Li et al. 2014) of China. However, the apex of the epiproct of this species only slightly tapers in lateral view as compared to the more enlarged apex of the new species (compare fig. 25, Li et al. 2014 and Fig. 10). Sweltsa tibetensis appears also to be similar to the northwestern Indian species, S. assam Zwick, 1971 in sharing a similar head pattern, possessing a similar transverse ridge on tergum 9 and the general shape of the epiproct. However, S. tibetensis may be easily separated from S. assam by the enlarged epiproct apex being evenly up curved toward apex and by the dark brown pronotum with paler lateral stripes. The epiproct of S. assam bears a subapical indentation in lateral aspect forming a parallelsided apex, and the pronotum is only darkly pigmented medially and along the margins (figs. a & d in Zwick 1971).Published as part of Li, Weihai, Pan, Zhaohui & Liu, Ruijun, 2017, Description of Sweltsa tibetensis sp. n. (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) from Tibet Autonomous Region of China, pp. 378-384 in Zootaxa 4365 (3) on pages 379-383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/111803
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, specific detection using PCR, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella enteritidis isolated in Taiwan, 1992-1998.
No full textIdentification of Salmonella enteritidis isolates by multiplex polymerase chain reaction
No full textAn overview of new taxa of Oribatida all over the world from 2020 to 2021 and new species of China in recent 15 years—Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Chinese Oribatology
No full textFIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B from B. Liu 550 (two sheets in HITBC), showing the persistent stipels of leaves. C. Pod enclosed by calyx. D. Pod. E. Seed. A & B by Bo Pan, C, D & E by Kai-Wen Jiang from B. Pan s. n. (NPH), a seed specimen collected from Yunnan, China. in Legume additions to the flora of China
No full textFIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B from B. Liu 550 (two sheets in HITBC), showing the persistent stipels of leaves. C. Pod enclosed by calyx. D. Pod. E. Seed. A & B by Bo Pan, C, D & E by Kai-Wen Jiang from B. Pan s. n. (NPH), a seed specimen collected from Yunnan, China.Published as part of Jiang, Kai-Wen, Tian, Bin & Pan, Bo, 2022, Legume additions to the flora of China, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 532 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.532.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/590083
DNA Methylation Markers for Pan-Cancer Prediction by Deep Learning
No full textFor cancer diagnosis, many DNA methylation markers have been identified. However, few studies have tried to identify DNA methylation markers to diagnose diverse cancer types simultaneously, i.e., pan-cancers. In this study, we tried to identify DNA methylation markers to differentiate cancer samples from the respective normal samples in pan-cancers. We collected whole genome methylation data of 27 cancer types containing 10,140 cancer samples and 3386 normal samples, and divided all samples into five data sets, including one training data set, one validation data set and three test data sets. We applied machine learning to identify DNA methylation markers, and specifically, we constructed diagnostic prediction models by deep learning. We identified two categories of markers: 12 CpG markers and 13 promoter markers. Three of 12 CpG markers and four of 13 promoter markers locate at cancer-related genes. With the CpG markers, our model achieved an average sensitivity and specificity on test data sets as 92.8% and 90.1%, respectively. For promoter markers, the average sensitivity and specificity on test data sets were 89.8% and 81.1%, respectively. Furthermore, in cell-free DNA methylation data of 163 prostate cancer samples, the CpG markers achieved the sensitivity as 100%, and the promoter markers achieved 92%. For both marker types, the specificity of normal whole blood was 100%. To conclude, we identified methylation markers to diagnose pan-cancers, which might be applied to liquid biopsy of cancers
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