129 research outputs found
How can the construction of social credit system in the context of digitalization empower grassroots governance? A Case Study of "Moral Bank" in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province
No full textAs President of PRC Xi Jinping mentioned, "if the grassroots is strong, the country is strong, and if the grassroots is safe, the world is safe." Social credit system is an important part of socialist market economy system and social governance system, and it is also a basic project for modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. Both conceptually and institutionally, the social credit system is closely related to social governance. Digitalization has reshaped the development trend of economy and society, and also profoundly influenced the operation basis of social credit system. Promoting the transformation of social credit system in the context of digitalization will promote the integration and development of digital economy and social credit system construction, thus making social governance highlight higher value. Based on the systemic and dynamic characteristics of credit system construction for grassroots governance in the digital context, this paper focuses on the changes in the governance mechanism through which the credit system contributes to the modernization of grassroots governance under the digital transformation. Drawing on existing studies, we construct a whole process analysis framework of "structure-process-function" to explore the internal logic of Yuyao Moral Bank's digital credit system construction and grassroots governance through three dimensions: structural reorganization from loose and fragile to stable as a whole, process innovation from fragmentation to synergy, and functional improvement from rough imbalance to fine co-governance. Through the case analysis of Yuyao "moral bank", we have come up with three thoughts on the need to build the incentive mechanism of grassroots governance system, promote multi-dimensional cooperation and build the linkage mechanism between credit system and grassroots governance in the context of digitalization in the construction of digital credit system to empower grassroots governance
Evaluation of hydrothermal pretreatment and fermentation to improve lipid and ethanol production from corn germ meal
No full textVegetable oil is extracted from oil rich seeds, such as soybeans. Genetic engineering of plants to accumulate oil in vegetative tissue is a potential future source of vegetable oil that promises increased land productivity and use of marginal lands. However, low concentrations of lipids in current engineered plant biomass samples makes extracting the oil challenging and expensive. The objectives of this work were to use hydrothermal pretreatment on oil bearing biomass for lipid enrichment and to investigate how lipid profiles changed during simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF). Corn germ meal was chosen as a model for lipid producing energy crops because the later are in early developments and suitable samples were unavailable.
To optimize liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment, germ meal was pretreated at 20% (w w-1) solid loading with hot water at 160°C and 180°C for 10 and 15 min. Enzymatic hydrolysis on only pretreated solid was performed. Pretreatment enriched the oil concentration of solids 2.2 to 4.2 fold. The highest severity pretreatment applied, at 180°C for 15 min, had maximum oil concentration (9.7%), highest triacylglycerol (TAG) content of oil extracted from pretreated solids (71.6 %, w w-1 oil), and highest enzymatic recoveries of glucose and xylose (99.0% and 32.8%, w w-1 available glucose/xylose, respectively). LHW pretreatment improved lipid concentration in oil bearing biomass with little or no effect on lipid profiles.
Having established the compatibility of LHW for oil recovery, the effect of fermenting the LHW pretreated biomass was evaluated for oil recovery and quality. To investigate ethanol production potential from LHW pretreated biomass and fate of oil during SSCF process, pretreated germ meal hydrolysate (combined liquid and solids) or solids (160°C and 180°C for 10 min) were fermented. Lipids were extracted from post fermentation broth or the solid residues obtained after centrifugation and convective drying of post fermentation broth (post fermentation solids). Lipid recovery efficiencies (LRE) were higher when oil was extracted from post fermentation broth compared to post fermentation solids. No differences were observed for LRE among all treatments. Lipid concentration of post fermentation solids increased 3.7 to 5.7 fold compared to oil present in raw germ meal. For all treatments, glucose and xylose profiles during SSCF were not different. SSCF of 180°C for 10 min pretreated solids gave highest lipid content of post fermentation solids of 12.9% (w w-1), highest TAG content of oil extracted from post fermentation broth and solids (29.3% and 26.3%, w w-1 oil, respectively), maximum ethanol conversion efficiency of 83.1% w w-1 theoretical ethanol production and maximum final ethanol titer of 32.4 g L-1. Fermentation increased lipid concentration of post fermentation solids and detrimentally affected lipid profiles. Fermenting solely pretreated solids instead of pretreated hydrolysate improved ethanol and lipid profiles.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Yuyao Jia, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-08 at 15:54.The student, Yuyao Jia, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-07-08 at 16:08.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-07-16 at 15:02.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16811 on 2022-01-12 at 13:04:14Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
JIA-THESIS-2021.pdf: 1013860 bytes, checksum: 1f9d0b887b3496f8e9186715cb478898 (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4206 bytes, checksum: 4cab1d3d38267fca196773c3b89154d9 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2021-07-16Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121215
Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:55:09Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121215
Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:56:20Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimite
How can the construction of social credit system in the context of digitalization empower grassroots governance? — A Case Study of “Moral Bank” in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province
No full textThe 20th Party Congress report proposed to improve the grid-based management, refinement of services, information technology to support the grassroots governance platform, and improve the urban and rural community governance system [1, p. 24]. Grass-roots social governance is the basis of the entire national governance system, which concerns the vital interests of millions of people. At present, the government concentrates funds and material resources on infrastructure construction, and while the hardware environment at the grassroots level is improving, the construction of soft power is seriously lagging behind, and residents’ awareness of participation and public spirit are seriously lacking, so grassroots governance needs to be transformed. The basic function of social credit system is to form incentives and constraints for various subjects with the help of credit evaluation mechanism, so as to realize effective social governance. The establishment of social credit system can not only create an environment to serve social governance, but also provide important support for the modernization of social governance system and national governance capacity. Thus, under the strategic choice of building a comprehensive social credit system, combining an effective social credit system with grassroots social governance is an inevitable choice for China’s future development. Meanwhile, along with the accelerated development of digitization in China, the digitization of social credit system construction has become a powerful boost to promote credit governance. The digital transformation of social credit system can fully activate the path of credit information formation and collection in the traditional social credit system, optimize the operation mechanism and application scenario of credit evaluation mechanism, and thus maximize the functional utility of credit-enabled grassroots social governance. Based on this, this paper attempts to take the many challenges faced by grassroots governance as a logical starting point, take the “moral bank” in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province as a case study, trace how the construction of social credit system empowers grassroots social governance in the context of digitalization, explore the operation mechanism and practical effects of it, and extract corresponding insights
Economic difference in Ningbo area of China
No full textTaking 6 counties and cities in Ningbo Area as the research units, this paper constructs the index system for evaluating the economic differences in Ningbo Area, and uses the principal component analysis method to analyze the economic differences in Ningbo Area. Result shows that Ningbo economy as a whole is more developed, and there are significant differences among regional economy. Economic development levels of Fenghua, Xiangshan and Ninghai districts are less developed, compared with those of Yinzhou, Yuyao and Cixi
Economic difference in Ningbo area of China
No full textTaking 6 counties and cities in Ningbo Area as the research units, this paper constructs the index system for evaluating the economic differences in Ningbo Area, and uses the principal component analysis method to analyze the economic differences in Ningbo Area. Result shows that Ningbo economy as a whole is more developed, and there are significant differences among regional economy. Economic development levels of Fenghua, Xiangshan and Ninghai districts are less developed, compared with those of Yinzhou, Yuyao and Cixi.Economic differences, Principal component analysis, Ningbo Area, China, Financial Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Varying Air-Inlet Widths and Fuel Pan Diameters on Fire Whirls’ Combustion Characteristics
No full textA fire whirl, a unique fire behavior, occurs when a vertical vortex of flames skyrockets due to specific surrounding temperatures and thermal gradient conditions during a fire. Compared with conventional fire plumes, fire whirls exhibit a higher air entrainment rate, tangential velocity, and axial velocity, thus presenting greater risks and destructive capabilities. Thus, studying the combustion characteristics of fire whirls becomes necessary. This experiment employed a small-scale, fixed-frame fire whirl generator. We investigated how varying air-inlet widths and fuel pan diameters influence the fire whirl’s combustion characteristics. Experimental images indicated a negative correlation between the fire whirl’s flame height and the air-inlet width, and a positive correlation with the fuel pan diameter. Our findings showed that the burning rate of the fire whirl during the quasi-steady-state combustion phase initially increased and then decreased as the air-inlet width expanded, peaking at a width of 7 cm. The data demonstrated a corresponding power-law relationship between the fire whirl’s dimensionless flame height and excess temperature. Ultimately, our results indicated a positive correlation between the 2/5 power of the fire whirl’s dimensionless heat release rate and the dimensionless flame height. The ratios of maximum to mean flame height and mean to continuous flame height are 1.35 and 1.5, respectively. Significantly, these ratios remain unaffected by the air-inlet width, fuel pan diameter, environmental temperature, and heat release rate
China’s policy in the field of higher education as a mechanism for ensuring its foreign policy
No full textCurrently China is interested in improving the image of the state among the foreign civil society, as well as creating a more favorable investment and political climate for implementing its own initiatives abroad. In this context, the author considers the China’s higher education system and its role in the state’s foreign policy, as well as the features of using higher education as a tool to ensure the tasks of China in the global level. © 2020 Elsevier Inc
To identify how service quality and brand image impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in China's mobile phone markets on youth consumers.
No full textThe relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction
Many theorists have suggested that high customer expectations of service quality can lead to better service performance which, in turn, positively influences customer satisfaction with service. This can then perpetuate a cycle of positive reinforcing behavior. Cronin and Taylor (1992) mentioned that there is a preponderance of evidence that service quality is an antecedent to service satisfaction. Rust and Oliver (1994) describe customer satisfaction as being a reaction to a service incident (or long-term service relationship.)
The relationship between brand image and customer satisfaction
Different brand have a differing quality reputation, the author expects the service quality to be directly related to the brand type. The effect of brand name on consumer perceptions is viewed in the marketing literature as a signaling effect. Rao and Monroe (1999) empirically examine this relationship and find a positive relationship between quality reputation associated with the brand and consumer perceptions of quality. Among the established signals of quality (brand, price, physical appearance, and store name), brand was found to be the most important (Dawar and Parker, 1994).
The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty
Anderson and Sullivan (1993), in analyzing data from a study of customer satisfaction among Swedish customers, find that stated customer loyalty is strongly related to stated satisfaction across product categories. A study conducted by Woodside, Frey, and Daly (2000) uncovers a significant association between overall patient satisfaction and intent to choose the hospital again.
Research frame and the linkage to the project
In order to implement an efficient and sustainable aim, this research will be built upon a conceptual framework based on the research motive, objectives and literature review described above.
Since the aim of this research is to identify how service quality and brand image impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in China's mobile phone markets on youth generation, a comprehensive literature review has been examined the above four aspects in detail and the inter-links have also been unrevealed. The literature review has set up a holistic theory frame to lay a foundation for the author to do further research and evaluate the theories discussed in this chapter. For example, through examining the literature review, the author found many theorists have done some research on the correlation among the four dimensions and some of the research results have been put forward at the end of this chapter, which reflect the objective 1 and also is the source of the hypotheses that will be raised in the next chapter. The literature review chapter also has provided the theoretical support and tools for the author to evaluate the customer service. As the industry focus on customers and providing service, keeping brand image, building brand loyalty and improving customer service is the major tasks of any mobile phone maker. Therefore, the author will focus on the emphasis of the literature review when conducting the survey, analyzing the current situation of the industry, discovering problems and developing relevant strategies. Considering these different theories and studies, mobile phone industry in China will be able to come across with a more spherical view and choose the best way for the future development
To identify how service quality and brand image impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in China's mobile phone markets on youth consumers.
No full textThe relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction
Many theorists have suggested that high customer expectations of service quality can lead to better service performance which, in turn, positively influences customer satisfaction with service. This can then perpetuate a cycle of positive reinforcing behavior. Cronin and Taylor (1992) mentioned that there is a preponderance of evidence that service quality is an antecedent to service satisfaction. Rust and Oliver (1994) describe customer satisfaction as being a reaction to a service incident (or long-term service relationship.)
The relationship between brand image and customer satisfaction
Different brand have a differing quality reputation, the author expects the service quality to be directly related to the brand type. The effect of brand name on consumer perceptions is viewed in the marketing literature as a signaling effect. Rao and Monroe (1999) empirically examine this relationship and find a positive relationship between quality reputation associated with the brand and consumer perceptions of quality. Among the established signals of quality (brand, price, physical appearance, and store name), brand was found to be the most important (Dawar and Parker, 1994).
The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty
Anderson and Sullivan (1993), in analyzing data from a study of customer satisfaction among Swedish customers, find that stated customer loyalty is strongly related to stated satisfaction across product categories. A study conducted by Woodside, Frey, and Daly (2000) uncovers a significant association between overall patient satisfaction and intent to choose the hospital again.
Research frame and the linkage to the project
In order to implement an efficient and sustainable aim, this research will be built upon a conceptual framework based on the research motive, objectives and literature review described above.
Since the aim of this research is to identify how service quality and brand image impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in China's mobile phone markets on youth generation, a comprehensive literature review has been examined the above four aspects in detail and the inter-links have also been unrevealed. The literature review has set up a holistic theory frame to lay a foundation for the author to do further research and evaluate the theories discussed in this chapter. For example, through examining the literature review, the author found many theorists have done some research on the correlation among the four dimensions and some of the research results have been put forward at the end of this chapter, which reflect the objective 1 and also is the source of the hypotheses that will be raised in the next chapter. The literature review chapter also has provided the theoretical support and tools for the author to evaluate the customer service. As the industry focus on customers and providing service, keeping brand image, building brand loyalty and improving customer service is the major tasks of any mobile phone maker. Therefore, the author will focus on the emphasis of the literature review when conducting the survey, analyzing the current situation of the industry, discovering problems and developing relevant strategies. Considering these different theories and studies, mobile phone industry in China will be able to come across with a more spherical view and choose the best way for the future development
Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Werner Syndrome with Stem Cell Models
No full textWerner Syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disease which is characterized by accelerated aging phenotypes, such as short stature, dyslipidemia, the loss of subcutaneous fat, and premature atherosclerosis. The mutations of WRN gene are currently the only causes reported associated with WS. However, precisely how do WRN mutations cause the WS pathologies are still unclear. Here we used stem cell models to investigate the pathobiology of two WS dysregulations that we are interested in: short stature and metabolic dysfunction.Stem cells make ideal laboratory models for investigating the development of diseases; they help us pinpoint and track the very beginning of disease-causing event in cells. With this tool, the early events of development could be recaptured and how different are these events in the diseases could be observed. Therefore, two stem cell models were chosen for our study, namely, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), respectively.A direct chondrocyte differentiation protocol was followed to investigate why WS patients usually have a short stature. The impairment of chondrogenesis was speculated to be the cause. Thus, chondrocyte formation was examined in both hESCs and hMSCs. Depletion of WS was observed to lead to the failure of chondrogenesis. The RecQ helicase family includes WRN. WRN helicase unwind and separate certain double-stranded DNA generally. Before DNA can be duplicated in preparation for cell division, certain actions are required, such as DNA replication. WRN helicase is also vital for the transcription process, which creates a blueprint of gene for protein production. More intriguingly, WRN helicase was found to play a pivotal role in chondrogenesis. Combined analyses of RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing led to the identification of a novel gene SHOX which was found to interact directly with WRN to modulate chondrogenesis. Loss of SHOX is one of the major causes leading to skeletal dysplasia and short stature, such as Tuner syndrome, Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis, and idiopathic short stature. SHOX is an important transcriptional regulator in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, bone formation and chondrogenic growth arrest. Moreover, we revealed that WRN could regulate SHOX expression through unwinding its G-quadruplexes (G4s). G-quadruplex DNA is a stable structure with G-G base pairs that hold it together. G4s are thought to be common in human gene promoters, with one or more quadruplex motifs found in roughly 40% of all human gene promoters. Because of the important function it plays in DNA repair, many genome-regulating activities have been reported to be associated with the development of G4s. We reported that WRN helicase could open SHOX G4s and promoted its expression during chondrogenesis.Additionally, the cause of metabolic dysfunction and NAD+ depletion occurred in WS was studied. Circadian rhythms are important for health, and disturbances to the clock have been linked to unfavorable health outcomes. The circadian system undergoes considerable alternations as people age, affecting rhythms of behaviors. Numerous metabolic rhythms show gradual dampening with age. We firstly reported that depletion of WRN causes accelerated premature onset of adipogenesis in both WS mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and in a zebrafish model of WS. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial metabolite and coenzyme for a cell's redox status and various metabolic energy balances. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is the precursor of NAD+. NAD+ levels decrease with age, and various enzymes involved in NAD+ degradation and biosynthesis are changed. Mechanistically, we revealed that the life essential molecule NAD+ is reduced in WS MSCs, leading to accelerated adipogenesis; NAD+ repletion normalizes pathways related to metabolism and mitophagy, and normalizes adipogenesis in the MSCs and zebrafish models of WS. Mitochondria plays an important role in metabolism, as well as the process of ageing and age-related diseases. Damaged mitochondria with low ATP synthesis and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) release are linked to ageing and age-associated diseases in which mitochondrial dynamics and turnover are disrupted. We reported that NAD+ repletion counteracts WS phenotypes, improves mitochondrial quality and adipogenic circadian rhythm both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, WRN mutation causes accelerated adipogenesis, at least partially, due to NAD+ depletion-related dysfunctional control of gene transcription or chromatin organization via the transcription factors such as SMCA5 and MSX2. Since there is no cure for WS, our findings shed light on novel therapeutics against WS by targeting on the regulation of NAD+, mitochondrial homeostasis, and circadian rhythm.Understanding how WRN led to these dysregulations has vital implications for manifesting the mechanisms of premature aging in WS and for therapeutic trials development.Werner綜合征（WS）是常染色體隱性遺傳疾病，其特徵是衰老表型加快，例如身材矮小，血脂異常，皮下脂肪減少和動脈粥樣硬化。 WRN基因的突變是目前報導與WS相關的唯一原因。然而，確切地講WRN突變導致WS的病態仍不清楚。在這裡，我們使用幹細胞模型進一步研究了我們感興趣的兩種WS功能異常：身材矮小和代謝功能異常。幹細胞是研究疾病發展的理想實驗室模型，這有助於我們查明並追蹤細胞中致病事件的最開始。通過這種方式，我們可以重新捕捉發育的早期起源，並觀察其在疾病中的不同之處。因此，我們選擇了兩種幹細胞模型進行進一步研究：人胚胎幹細胞（hESCs）和間充質幹細胞（hMSCs）。我们采用将人胚胎干细胞直接诱导分化为软骨细胞的方法来研究WS 患者身材矮小的机理。我们观察到 WRN基因的缺失是导致软骨形成失败的主要原因。WRN属于RecQ 解旋酶家族。 WRN 解旋酶一般会解开和分离某些双链 DNA。WRN 解旋酶对于转录过程也至关重要，转录过程为蛋白质生产创造了基因蓝图。更有趣的是，发现 WRN 解旋酶在软骨形成中起着关键作用。 RNA 测序和 ChIP 测序的组合分析鉴定出一种新基因 SHOX，该基因被发现可以通过直接与 WRN 相互作用以调节软骨形成。 SHOX 的丧失是导致骨骼发育不良和身材矮小的主要原因之一，例如 Tuner 综合征、Léri-Weill 软骨骨病和特发性身材矮小。 SHOX 在软骨细胞增殖和分化、骨形成和软骨形成生长停滞发挥重要调节作用。此外，我们还发现 WRN 可以通过解开其 G-四链体 (G4s) 来调节 SHOX 的表达。 G-四链体 DNA 是一种稳定的结构，具有将其固定在一起的 G-G 碱基对。 G4 被认为在人类基因启动子中很常见，在大约 40% 的人类基因启动子中发现了一个或多个四链体基序。由于它在 DNA 修复中发挥重要作用，据报道许多基因组调节活动与 G4 的发育有关。我们报道 WRN 解旋酶可以打开 SHOX G4s 并在软骨形成过程中促进其表达。此外，研究了 WS 中发生代谢功能障碍和 NAD+ 耗竭的原因。昼夜节律对健康很重要，时钟紊乱导致身体健康出现问题。随着人们年龄的增长，昼夜节律系统会发生相当大的变化，并且影响人体戒律健康。许多代谢节律随着年龄的增长而逐渐减弱。我们首先报道了在WS 间充质干细胞 (hMSC) 和 WS 斑马鱼模型中， WRN 的缺失导致脂肪生成的过早发生。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD+) 是细胞氧化还原状态和各种代谢能量平衡的关键代谢物和辅酶。烟酰胺核苷 (NR) 是 NAD+ 的前体。 NAD+ 水平随着年龄的增长而降低，参与 NAD+ 降解和生物合成的各种酶也会发生变化。从机制上讲，我们发现 WS MSC 中生命必需分子 NAD+ 减少，导致脂肪生成加速； NAD+ 补充使与代谢和线粒体自噬相关的通路正常化，并使 WS 的 MSC 和斑马鱼模型中的脂肪生成正常化。线粒体在新陈代谢以及衰老和年龄相关疾病的过程中起着重要作用。具有低 ATP 合成和高活性氧 (ROS) 释放的受损线粒体与衰老和与年龄相关的疾病有关，其中线粒体动力学和更新被破坏。我们报道了 NAD+ 补充抵消了 WS 表型，改善了体内和体外的线粒体质量和脂肪生成昼夜节律。总的来说，WRN 突变导致脂肪生成加速，至少部分是由于 NAD+ 耗竭相关的基因转录或染色质组织通过转录因子（如 SMCA5 和 MSX2）的功能失调控制。由于 WS 目前尚无较好的治疗方法，我们的研究结果通过针对 NAD+、线粒体稳态和昼夜节律的调节，揭示了针对 WS 的新疗法。了解 WRN 如何导致这些失调对于揭示 WS 过早衰老的机制和开发治疗试验具有重要意义。TIAN, Yuyao.Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2021.Includes bibliographical references (leaves )Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on ...
- …
