516 research outputs found
Crowd Counting via Attention and Multi-Feature Fused Network
No full textWith the rapid development of Internet of Everything and artificial intelligence techniques and massive amounts of video surveillance data, crowd counting has drawn extensive attention in computer vision. Inspired by deep learning methods, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been dedicated to improving the effectiveness of crowd counting. As CNN is unable to capture the continuous size changes of heads in images, the large-scale variations impede the development of crowd counting. To solve this problem, this paper presents an attention and multi-feature fused network (AMFNet) containing a multi-level feature extractor and four attentional density estimator (ADE) modules. The multi-level extractor is used to extract the features of different sizes and various kinds of context information based on a deep network backbone. The existing ADE modules are built to merge different level features to generate a high-quality density map. A channel attention unit is adopted in the ADE modules to identify the head accurately. Then, four ADE modules are applied to exploit multi-level features and generate a fine-grained density map for coping with various scales. The experiment results show that the proposed AMFNet performs well in dense crowd scenarios, and that it is comparable to mainstream methods in terms of accuracy and robustness
PiCO QL: A software library for runtime interactive queries on program data
No full textAbstractPico ql is an open source c/c++ software whose scientific scope is real-time interactive analysis of in-memory data through sql queries. It exposes a relational view of a system’s or application’s data structures, which is queryable through sql. While the application or system is executing, users can input queries through a web-based interface or issue web service requests. Queries execute on the live data structures through the respective relational views. pico ql makes a good candidate for ad-hoc data analysis in applications and for diagnostics in systems settings. Applications of pico ql include the Linux kernel, the Valgrind instrumentation framework, a gis application, a virtual real-time observatory of stellar objects, and a source code analyser
Module extraction via query inseparability in OWL 2 QL
No full textWe show that deciding conjunctive query inseparability for OWL 2 QL ontologies is PSpace-hard and in ExpTime. We give polynomial-time (incomplete) algorithms and demonstrate by experiments that they can be used for practical module extraction
Determining the number of factors in a multivariate error correction--volatility factor model
No full textIn order to describe the co-movements in both conditional mean and conditional variance of high dimensional non-stationary time series by dimension reduction, we introduce the conditional heteroscedasticity with factor structure to the error correction model (ECM). The new model is called the error correction--volatility factor model (EC--VF). Some specification and estimation approaches are developed. In particular, the determination of the number of factors is discussed. Our setting is general in the sense that we impose neither i.i.d. assumption on idiosyncratic components in the factor structure nor independence between factors and idiosyncratic errors. We illustrate the proposed approach with a Monte Carlo simulation and a real data example. Copyright The Author(s). Journal compilation Royal Economic Society 2008
Conjunctive query inseparability of OWL 2 QL TBoxes
No full textThe OWL2 profile OWL 2 QL, based on the DL-Lite family of description logics, is emerging as a major language for developing new ontologies and approximating the existing ones. Its main application is ontology based data access, where ontologies are used to provide background knowledge for answering queries over data. We investigate the corresponding notion of query inseparability (or equivalence) for OWL 2 QL ontologies and show that deciding query inseparability is PSpace-hard and in ExpTime. We give polynomial-time (incomplete) algorithms and demonstrate by experiments that they can be used for practical module extraction
Energy efficient group priority MAC protocol using hybrid Q-learning honey Badger Algorithm (QL-HBA) for IoT Networks
No full textAbstract In Internet of Things (IoT) networks, identifying the primary Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol which is suited for a service characteristic is necessary based on the requirements of the application. In this paper, we propose Energy Efficient and Group Priority MAC (EEGP-MAC) protocol using Hybrid Q-Learning Honey Badger Algorithm (QL-HBA) for IoT Networks. This algorithm employs reinforcement agents to select an environment based on predefined actions and tasks. It makes use of Q-learning method in Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA). In this algorithm, the PAN coordinator divides the network devices into multiple subgroups based on location, energy levels and the traffic type. In group priority assignment phase, a combined metric will be derived in terms of these parameters. Then a priority will be assigned to each group based on their combined metric. From each group, the optimal number of contention nodes will be selected using hybrid QL-HBA algorithm. The fitness function is derived in terms of the number of neighbours and total traffic loads of the nodes. Then transmission slots will be allotted to the group according to their group priority. The proposed EEGP-MAC protocol is implemented in NS3. Simulation results have shown that EEGP-MAC attains 11% lesser delay, 16% lesser energy consumption with 10% higher throughput, when compared to existing QL-DGMAC protocol, in various network sizes
Savanna Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Consume and Share Blue Duiker (Philantomba monticola) Meat in the Issa Valley, Ugalla, Western Tanzania
No full textMeat eating is pervasive across chimpanzee populations in Africa, with red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus spp.) being the most common prey (Boesch & Boesch 1989; Stanford et al. 1994a; Watts et al. 2012, Hosaka 2015) if sympatric in the same habitat. Besides colobus monkeys, chimpanzees consume a variety of other primates, including olive and yellow baboons (Papio spp.) and bushbabies (Galago spp.). In the forest habitats of western Tanzania chimpanzees have been reported to consume numerous different mammalian species: 18 at Mahale Mountains National Park (Uehara 1997; Hosaka 2015) and eight at Gombe National Park, whilst in the miombo woodland dominated Ugalla Region no direct observations have been recorded to date (Table 1). In West Africa, chimpanzees from Taï Forest, Ivory Coast consume eight different mammal species, all primates (Boesch & Boesch 1989). Wherever chimpanzees consume meat, it is almost always via hunting, as they rarely scavenge (Watts 2008)
Electrocardiogram reference intervals for clinically normal wild- born chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
No full textOBJECTIVE To generate reference intervals for ECG variables in clinically normal chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
ANIMALS 100 clinically normal (51 young [< 10 years old] and 49 adult [≥ 10 years old]) wild-born chimpanzees.
PROCEDURES Electrocardiograms collected between 2009 and 2013 at the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Centre were assessed to determine heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QRS axis, P axis, and T axis. Electrocardiographic characteristics for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and morphology of the ST segment, T wave, and QRS complex were identified. Reference intervals for young and old animals were calculated as mean ± 1.96•SD for normally distributed data and as 5th to 95th percentiles for data not normally distributed. Differences between age groups were assessed by use of unpaired Student t tests.
RESULTS Reference intervals were generated for young and adult wild-born chimpanzees. Most animals had sinus rhythm with small or normal P wave morphology; 24 of 51 (47%) young chimpanzees and 30 of 49 (61%) adult chimpanzees had evidence of LVH as determined on the basis of criteria for humans.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiac disease has been implicated as the major cause of death in captive chimpanzees. Species-specific ECG reference intervals for chimpanzees may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of animals with, or at risk of developing, heart disease. Chimpanzees with ECG characteristics outside of these intervals should be considered for follow-up assessment and regular cardiac monitoring
Gait characteristics and spatio-temporal variables of climbing in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
No full textAlthough much is known about the terrestrial locomotion of great apes, their arboreal locomotion has been studied less extensively. This study investigates arboreal locomotion in bonobos (Pan paniscus), focusing on the gait characteristics and spatio-temporal variables associated with locomotion on a pole. These features are compared across different substrate inclinations (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°), and horizontal quadrupedal walking is compared between an arboreal and a terrestrial substrate. Our results show greater variation in footfall patterns with increasing incline, resulting in more lateral gait sequences. During climbing on arboreal inclines, smaller steps and strides but higher stride frequencies and duty factors are found compared to horizontal arboreal walking. This may facilitate better balance control and dynamic stability on the arboreal substrate. We found no gradual change in spatio-temporal variables with increasing incline; instead, the results for all inclines were clustered together. Bonobos take larger strides at lower stride frequencies and lower duty factors on a horizontal arboreal substrate than on a flat terrestrial substrate. We suggest that these changes are the result of the better grip of the grasping feet on an arboreal substrate. Speed modulation of the spatio-temporal variables is similar across substrate inclinations and between substrate types, suggesting a comparable underlying motor control. Finally, we contrast these variables of arboreal inclined climbing with those of terrestrial bipedal locomotion, and briefly discuss the results with respect to the origin of habitual bipedalism. Am. J. Primatol
The Occurrence of Postconflict Skills in Captive Immature Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
No full textConflict management strategies can reduce costs of aggressive competition in group-living animals. Post-conflict behaviours such as reconciliation and third party post-conflict affiliation are widely accepted as social skills in primates and have been demonstrated in many species. Although immature primates possess a repertoire of species-specific behaviours, it is thought that they gradually develop appropriate social skills throughout prolonged juvenility to establish and maintain complex social relationships within their group. We examined the occurrence of post-conflict skills in five immature chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over 15 months focussing on interactions that were not with the subject’s mother. We observed reconciliation, with conciliatory tendencies comparable to adults, and provide the first evidence that captive immature chimpanzees commonly reconciled using social play. However, immatures were not more likely to reconcile valuable than non-valuable relationships. We also observed third party post-conflict affiliation although at a lower level than reported for adults. Our results provide evidence for post-conflict skills in immature chimpanzees but the lack of higher conciliatory tendency with valuable partners and low occurrence of third party affiliation indicates extended juvenility may be required refine these skills. Further work is needed to investigate whether these behaviours have the same function and effectiveness as those found in adults
- …
