1,721,586 research outputs found
Structural change and blurred sectoral boundaries: assessing the extent to which knowledge-intensive business services satisfy manufacturing final demand in Western countries
No full textABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the vertical integration of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) into manufacturing sectors, using a subsystem approach to input–output analysis. It aims at correctly assessing the process of structural change that has occurred in the four main European countries (France, Germany, Italy and the UK) over time (1995–2005). It does not focus on KIBS sectors per se, but on their function as carriers and sources of knowledge which influences the performance of sectors, value chains and clusters across industries and within countries. The analysis shows that KIBS’ contribution to satisfying the final demand of manufacturing is in general largely underestimated; that KIBS vertical integration into manufacturing has increased over time in all the countries investigated except the UK; and that the extent to which manufacturing sectors outsource to KIBS is significantly affected by their technological intensity. © 2016 The International Input–Output Association
Salvatore Biasco and the instability of world economy in the perspective of “currency cycles”
No full textWith his essay on “Exchange rates and the international economy” from the late 1980s (1987), Salvatore Biasco gives rise to an important theoretical reasoning about the flexible exchange rates regime, adopting a Keynesian perspective and making a strong criticism of the exchange rate models based on the “efficient markets” neoclassical hypothesis. Within an analytical framework where the exchange rate is a financial variable and portfolio choices are made under uncertainty and bounded rationality, it is shown that short run speculation in currencies enhance fluctuation movements, causing structural disequilibrium in real economy that feeds back into exchange rate dynamics and makes the macroeconomic scenario increasingly unstable. Along these lines Biasco’s work in following years gives further insights into the development of world economy up to the outbreak of the 2007-2008 international crisis, focusing on the role played by the dollar in the international monetary system and on the increase of financial fragility in capitalist economies as a result of instability in currency markets
Detection of stealthy false-data injection attacks on safety-critical cyber-physical systems
No full textCybersecurity solutions ensuring tight access control are essential in preventing intrusions that could inflict devastating impacts on cyber-physical systems (CPSs) operating in mission-critical areas, including electrical power grid and energy systems, traffic flow management, defence and homeland security, unmanned aerial vehicles, water treatment and distribution systems, and healthcare systems. Due to the nature of such applications, the level of reliability and security is a strong need to preserve the proper functioning of these critical systems, since their failure can cause irreparable harm to the physical system being controlled and to people who depend on it. This research report presents at first a literature review of the cyber-physical security measures designed to protect one or more facets of the CIA triad in safety-critical applications. Then, the vulnerabilities of such CPSs are investigated under a variety of cyber-attacks, ranging from disclosure attacks to data integrity and DoS attacks. Furthermore, an overview of data-driven and model-based methods for threat detection and mitigation is provided, along with the implementation of a covert attack on a DT state-space representation of a stochastic LTI system that highlights the drastic effects of cyber-physical attacks. Finally, the use of an autoencoder-based anomaly detection technique is proposed and tested on the SWaT testbed, a water treatment testbed for research and training on ICS security
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